National Treasure (film) - Wikipedia

National Treasure is a 2004 American action-adventure film released by Walt Disney Pictures. It was written by Jim Kouf and the Wibberleys, ... NationalTreasure(film) FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch 2004filmbyJonTurteltaub Thisarticleisaboutthe2004film.Forthefilmfranchise,seeNationalTreasure(filmseries). NationalTreasureTheatricalreleaseposterDirectedbyJonTurteltaubScreenplayby JimKouf CormacWibberley MarianneWibberley Storyby JimKouf OrenAviv CharlesSegars Producedby JerryBruckheimer JonTurteltaub Starring NicolasCage HarveyKeitel JonVoight DianeKruger SeanBean JustinBartha ChristopherPlummer CinematographyCalebDeschanelEditedbyWilliamGoldenbergMusicbyTrevorRabinProductioncompanies WaltDisneyPictures JerryBruckheimerFilms JunctionEntertainment SaturnFilms DistributedbyBuenaVistaPicturesReleasedate November 19, 2004 (2004-11-19) Runningtime131minutesCountryUnitedStatesLanguageEnglishBudget$100million[1]Boxoffice$347.5million[1] NationalTreasureisa2004Americanaction-adventurefilmreleasedbyWaltDisneyPictures.ItwaswrittenbyJimKoufandtheWibberleys,producedbyJerryBruckheimeranddirectedbyJonTurteltaub.ItisthefirstfilmintheNationalTreasurefilmseriesandstarsNicolasCage,HarveyKeitel,JonVoight,DianeKruger,SeanBean,JustinBartha,andChristopherPlummer. CageplaysBenjaminFranklinGates,ahistorianandamateurcryptographersearchingforahugelosttreasureofpreciousmetals,jewelry,artwork,statues,andmanyotherhistoricartifactsaccumulatedovertime,becomingamassivestockpile.AllofitwaseventuallyhiddenawaybyAmericanFreemasonsduringtheAmericanRevolutionaryWar.Acoded,unseenmap,placedonthebackoftheDeclarationofIndependencepointstothesecretlocationofthis"nationaltreasure",butGatesisnotaloneinhisquest:WhoevercanstealtheDeclaration,findthemap,anddecodeitfirst,willdiscoverthegreatesttreasureeveraccumulatedinhistory. NationalTreasurewasreleasedworldwideonNovember19,2004.Thefilmgrossed$347millionworldwideandreceivedmixedreviewsfromcritics,whopraisedtheactionscenes,entertainmentvalue,andactingperformances,butcriticizedthepremiseandscreenplay.Asequel,titledNationalTreasure:BookofSecrets,wasreleasedinDecember2007. Contents 1Plot 2Cast 3Production 3.1Development 3.2Filminglocations 4Soundtrack 5PortrayalofDeclarationofIndependence 6Reception 6.1Boxoffice 6.2Criticalreception 6.3Awards 7Homemedia 7.1Collector'sEditionDVD 7.2Blu-rayDisc 8Sequels 9Seealso 10References 11Externallinks Plot[edit] BenjaminFranklinGatesisanAmericanhistorian,cryptographer,andtreasurehunter.WhenBenwasyoung,hisgrandfatherJohntoldhimthatCharlesCarrollpassedonasecrettotheirancestorin1832,ofafablednationaltreasurehiddeninAmericabytheKnightsTemplar,FoundingFathers,andFreemasons.Theclueleadingtothetreasureisthephrase“ThesecretlieswithCharlotte”.WhileBenisconvincedbythestory,hisskepticalfatherPatrickdismissesitasnonsense. Thirtyyearslater,Benandhisfriend,computerexpertRileyPoole,headanexpeditionfinancedbywealthyIanHowetofindtheCharlotte,revealedtobeashiplostinthearctic.Within,theyfindameerschaumpipe,whoseengravingsrevealthenextclueisontheDeclarationofIndependence.WhenIanrevealshimselftobeacrimebossandsuggestsstealingtheDeclaration,afightensues,andthegroupsplits. BenandRileyreportIan'splantotheFBI,andtoDr.AbigailChaseoftheNationalArchives,butnoonebelievestheirclaim.BendecidestoprotecttheDeclarationbyremovingitfromtheArchives’preservationroomduringagalaevent.ObtainingAbigail'sfingerprints,BensuccessfullyobtainstheDeclaration,onlytobespottedbyIan'sgroupjustastheybreakintostealit.Bentriestoleaveviathegiftshop,buthastobuytheDeclarationwhentheclerkmistakesitforasouvenircopy.Abigail,suspectingsomethingisamiss,confrontsBenandtakesbackthedocument.Ianpromptlykidnapsher,butBenandRileyrescueAbigail,trickingIanbyleavingbehindasouvenircopyoftheDeclaration.FBIAgentSaduskybeginstrackingBendown. GoingtoPatrick'shouse,thetriostudiestheDeclarationanddiscoversanOttendorfcipherwrittenininvisibleink.ThemessagereferstotheSilenceDogoodletterswrittenbyBenjaminFranklin.Patrickformerlyownedthem,butdonatedthemtotheFranklinInstitute.Payingaschoolboytoviewthelettersanddecipherthecodeforthem,Ben,Riley,andAbigaildiscoveramessagepointingtothebelltowerofIndependenceHall.PursuedbyIan,theyfindahiddencachecontainingapairofglasseswithmultiplecoloredlenses,which,whenusedtoreadthebackoftheDeclaration,revealacluepointingtotheTrinityChurch. Ian'sassociateschasethetriothroughPhiladelphiauntilBenisarrestedbytheFBI.AbigailandRileylosetheDeclarationtoIan;however,AbigailconvincesIantohelpthemrescueBeninexchangeforthenextclue.Ianagrees,arrangingameetingattheUSSIntrepid,wheretheyhelpBenevadetheFBI. IanreturnstheDeclarationandasksforthenextclue,butwhenBenremainscoy,IanrevealshehaskidnappedPatrickasahostage.TheytraveltotheTrinityChurch,wheretheyfindanundergroundpassagethatappearstoleadtoadeadend,litbyalonelantern.PatrickclaimsitisareferencetotheMidnightRideofPaulRevere,pointingIantotheOldNorthChurchinBoston.IantrapsBen,Abigail,Riley,andPatrickinthechamber,headingforBoston,whichwasPatrick'sintentasthecluewasfictitious.Benthenfindsanotchwhichthemeerschaumpipefitsinto,openingalargechambercontainingthetreasure,withastaircasetothesurface.BencontactsSadusky,whoisactuallyaFreemason,andwillinglysurrenderstheDeclarationandthetreasure'slocation.ThankstoatipfromBen,IanisarrestedbytheFBIandsenttoprisoninBen'splace. Later,BenandAbigailhavestartedarelationship,whileRileyissomewhatupsetthatBenturneddownthe10%finder'sfeeforthetreasuresotheentirecollectioncouldgotomuseums.However,the1%hedidaccepthasstillnettedthemallsignificantwealth. Cast[edit] NicolasCagein2011(top)andSeanBeanin2015 NicolasCageasBenjaminFranklinGates:[2]AnAmericantreasurehunterandcryptographer. HunterGomezasyoungBenjaminGates SeanBeanasIanHowe:AnentrepreneurandtreasurehunterwhoisaformerfriendofBenjaminGates.[3] DianeKrugerasDr.AbigailChase:AnarchivistattheNationalArchiveswhoaidsBenjaminGatesintreasurehunting. JustinBarthaasRileyPoole:AsardoniccomputerexpertandfriendofBenjaminGates. JonVoightasPatrickHenryGates:AformertreasurehunterandthefatherofBenjaminGates. HarveyKeitelasAgentPeterSadusky:AnFBISpecialAgentinchargeofthetheftoftheDeclarationofIndependence. ChristopherPlummerasJohnAdamsGates:ThefatherofPatrickGatesandthegrandfatherofBenjaminGates. Additionally,JackKoenigportraysayoungversionofFoundingFatherCharlesCarroll;DavidDayanFisherappearsasShaw,StewartFinlay-McLennanasPowell,OlegTaktarovasViktorShippen,andStephenPopeasPhilMcGregor(allfourbeingIan'shenchmen);AnnieParisse,MarkPellegrino,ArmandoRiesco,andErikKingplayagentsDawes,TedJohnson,Hendricks,andColfax,respectively.JasonEarlesportraysThomasGates. Production[edit] Development[edit] Byearly1999,itwasrevealedthatJonTurteltaubwasdevelopingNationalTreasurebaseduponanideadevelopedbyOrenAvivandCharlesSegarsin1997,withthescriptpennedbyJimKouf.[4]By2001,theprojectwasrelocatedtoTouchstonePictures.[5] FilmsetfortheundergroundchambersbeneathTrinityChurch InMay2003,NicolasCagewascastasleadinthefilm.[6]Newdraftswerewrittenbyninescribers,includingCormacandMarianneWibberley,[6]E.MaxFryeandJonTurteltaub.[7]ByOctober,SeanBeanwascast.[3] Filminglocations[edit] NationalTreasurewasfilmedprimarilyinWashington,NewYork,PhiladelphiaandUtah.Mostsceneswerefilmedonlocation,withtheexceptionsoftheIndependenceHallscene,whichwasfilmedatthereplicaofIndependenceHallatKnott'sBerryFarm,andtheArcticscene,whichwasfilmedinUtah.[8] Soundtrack[edit] NationalTreasure(OriginalScore)FilmscorebyTrevorRabinReleasedNovember16,2004Recorded2004GenreStage&screenLength38:45LabelHollywoodProducerTrevorRabin ProfessionalratingsReviewscoresSourceRatingAllMusic[9] AlltracksarewrittenbyTrevorRabin.No.TitleLength1."NationalTreasureSuite"3:172."Ben"4:033."FindingCharlotte"1:044."LibraryofCongress"2:275."PreparationMontage"4:536."ArrivalatNationalArchives"1:547."TheChase"4:228."DeclarationofIndependence"1:439."FootChase"3:3410."SpectacleDiscovery"3:1811."Interrogation"4:3012."Treasure"3:39Totallength:38:45 PortrayalofDeclarationofIndependence[edit] Thefilm'ssuggestionthattheoriginalDeclarationofIndependencestillhasclearlyvisibleinkisinaccurate.Thedocument'sinkwoulddryovertimeduetoexposuretodamaginglighting,withlittleinkstillexistingby1876.[10][11] Reception[edit] Boxoffice[edit] NationalTreasureearned$11milliononitsopeningdayintheUnitedStates,aheadofParamount&Nickelodeon'sTheSpongeBobSquarePantsMovie(whichearned$9,559,752).[12][13]Itgrossedacombinedtotalof$35,142,554duringitsopeningweekend,on4,300screensat3,243theaters,averaging$11,648pervenue,againaheadofTheSpongeBobSquarePantsMovie.[14][15][16][17]ThefilmhadthebestopeningweekendforaDisneyfilmreleasedinNovember,untilitwassurpassedbyChickenLittlein2005.ItheldontotheNo.1spotforthreeweekends.InJapanNationalTreasurebestedoutthedouble-billingMegaManNTWarrior:ProgramofLightandDarkandDuelMasters:CurseoftheDeathphoenixbygrossing$11,666,763initsfirstweek.ThefilmclosedonJune2,2005withitsdomesticgrossbeing$173,008,894whileearning$174,503,424internationally.Worldwide,NationalTreasuregrossedover$347,512,318,againstabudgetof$100million.[1] Criticalreception[edit] OnRottenTomatoes,thefilmhasanapprovalratingof46%basedon179reviews,andanaverageratingof5.30/10.Thesite'sconsensusreads,"NationalTreasureisnotreasure,butit'safunrideforthosewhocanforgiveitshighlyimprobableplot."[18]OnMetacritic,thefilmhasascoreof39outof100,basedon35critics,indicating"generallyunfavorablereviews."[19]AudiencespolledbyCinemaScoregavethefilmanaveragegradeof"A−"onanA+toFscale.[20][21] RogerEbertgavethefilm2/4stars,callingit"sosillythattheMontyPythonversioncouldusethesamescreenplay,lineforline."[22]AcademicDavidBordwellhasexpressedalikingforthefilm,placingitinthetraditionof1950sDisneychildren'sadventuremovies,[23]andusingitasthebasisforanessayonscenetransitionsinclassicalHollywoodcinema.[24] Awards[edit] Year Award Category Notes Result 2005 BMIFilm&TVAwards BMIFilmMusicAward BMIFilmMusicAwardforTrevorRabin Won 2005 AcademyofScienceFiction,Fantasy&HorrorFilms,USA SaturnAwardforBestAction/Adventure/ThrillerFilm Nominated 2005 SaturnAwardforBestSupportingActress DianeKruger Nominated 2005 TeenChoiceAwards Movie:Action/Adventure Nominated 2005 VisualEffectsSocietyAwards OutstandingModelsandMiniaturesinaMotionPicture MatthewGratzner,ForestFischer,ScottBeverly,andLeigh-AlexandraJacob,forthetreasureroom Nominated 2005 WorldStuntAwards TaurusAwardforBestOverallStuntbyaStuntWoman LisaHoyle Nominated 2005 YoungArtistAwards BestFamilyFeatureFilm:Drama Nominated 2005 YoungArtistAwards BestPerformanceinaFeatureFilm,SupportingYoungActor HunterGomez Nominated Homemedia[edit] NationalTreasurewasreleasedonDisneyDVDinMay2005.Inkeepingwiththethemeofthemovie,theDVDcontainsa"BonusTreasureHunt":viewerswhowatchtheSpecialFeaturesonthediscarerewardedwithpuzzlesandcodesthatunlockmorefeatures. Collector'sEditionDVD[edit] TohelppromoteBookofSecrets,aspecialcollector'sedition,two-discDVDsetofthemoviewasreleasedonDecember18,2007.Thesetfeaturesabonusdisccontainingadditionaldeletedscenesanddocumentaries.[25] Blu-rayDisc[edit] WaltDisneyStudiosHomeEntertainmentreleasedBlu-rayDiscversionsofNationalTreasureanditssequel,NationalTreasure2:BookofSecrets,onMay20,2008.[26] Sequels[edit] Mainarticle:NationalTreasure(filmseries) AlthoughtheDVDcommentarystatedthattherewerenoplansforasequel,thefilm'sboxofficegrossofanunexpected$347.5millionworldwidewarrantedasecondfilm,whichwasgiventhegreenlightin2005.NationalTreasure:BookofSecretswasreleasedonDecember21,2007. In2008,directorJonTurteltaubsaidthatthefilmmakingteamwouldtakeitstimeonanotherNationalTreasuresequel.[27]InOctober2013,Turteltaubconfirmedthatthestudio,himself,producerJerryBruckheimerandtheactorsallwanttodothethirdfilm,saying:"Wewanttodothemovie,Disneywantstodothemovie.We'rejusthavingthedamnedesttimewritingit.I'llbetthatwithintwoyears,we'llbeshootingthatmovie.I'dsaywe'reabouthalf-waythere."[28]InMay2016,NicolasCageconfirmedthefilmwasstillinthewritingprocess,[29]andinJuly2018,Turtletaubreiteratedthatascriptforapossiblethirdfilmwas"close,"butDisneystillwasnotcompletelysoldbytheidea.[30]InJanuary2020,itwasannouncedthatChrisBremner,thewriterofBadBoysforLife,wouldwriteanewscriptforit.[31] InMay2020,JerryBruckheimerhadconfirmedthat,notonlywasthereathirdfilmindevelopmentwiththeoriginalcastreturning,butalsothataDisney+serieswasintheworkswiththeserieshavingthesamepremiseastheoriginal,butfocusingonamuchyoungercast.[32] Seealso[edit] ArnoldCipher Bealeciphers NicholasDietrich,BarondeOttendorf References[edit] ^abc"BoxofficestatisticsforNationalTreasure(2004)".BoxOfficeMojo.RetrievedApril10,2007.. ^Vitale,Simona."IlmisterodeiTemplari-NationalTreasure,tramaecastdelprimofilmconNicolasCage".MondoFox(inItalian).FoxNetworksGroup.RetrievedMay12,2018. ^abFeiwell,Jill;Harris,Dana(October13,2003)."SeanBean".Variety.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober5,2016.RetrievedOctober5,2016. ^Cox,Dan;Carver,Benedict(February22,1999)."'Treasure'found".Variety.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober5,2016.RetrievedOctober5,2016. ^Fleming,Michael(July31,2001)."Helmerdigsfor'Treasure'".Variety.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober5,2016.RetrievedOctober5,2016. ^abFleming,Michael(May27,2003)."Cageunearths'Treasure'".Variety.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonOctober5,2016.RetrievedOctober5,2016. ^TheWibberley's(April9,2003)."NationalTreasureDraft"(PDF).PatriotResource.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalonOctober5,2016.RetrievedOctober5,2016. ^"LocationsforNationalTreasure".InternetMovieDatabase.RetrievedMarch2,2013. ^Unterberger,Richie."TrevorRabin,NationalTreasure(OriginalScore)".AllMusic.com.RetrievedDecember10,2015. ^"TheDeclarationofIndependenceHasHadaFairlyRoughTime,butPreservationistsHaveSavedIt".July3,2020. ^Ruane,MichaelE.(October21,2016)."WastheDeclarationofIndependence'defaced'?Expertssayyes".WashingtonPost. ^"DailyBoxOfficeforFriday,November19,2004".BoxOfficeMojo.2004. ^Duong,Senh(November20,2004)."BOXOFFICE:FridayEstimates-1.?Treasure?$11M,2.?Squarepants?$9.4M".RottenTomatoes.RetrievedAugust18,2013. ^"November19-21,2004Weekend".BoxOfficeMojo.RetrievedAugust18,2013. ^Gray,Brandon(November22,2004)."'NationalTreasure,''SpongeBob'CleanUp".BoxOfficeMojo.RetrievedAugust18,2013. ^"SpongeBobsqueezedatboxoffice".BBC.November22,2004.RetrievedAugust18,2013. ^Peterson,Todd(November22,2004)."TreasureMakesBankattheBoxOffice".People.RetrievedAugust18,2013. ^"NationalTreasure".RottenTomatoes.RetrievedJanuary21,2021. ^"NationalTreasure".Metacritic.RetrievedMay23,2015. ^MarkHofmeyer(November19,2019)."5ReasonsNationalTreasureIsStillaFanFavorite".RottenTomatoes. ^"Cinemascore".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonDecember20,2018. ^Ebert,Roger."NationalTreasure".ChicagoSun-Times. ^Bordwell,David(January5,2008)."Yourtrash,myTreasure".RetrievedJanuary30,2010. ^Bordwell,David(January2008)."TheHook:SceneTransitionsinClassicalCinema".RetrievedJanuary30,2010. ^"CollectorsEdition".dvdmg.com.RetrievedMarch8,2018. ^"WaltDisneyStudiosHomeEntertainmentAnnouncestheDisneyBlu-RayTitleWaveComing2008".High-DefDigest.August17,2007.RetrievedSeptember27,2007. ^Kirkland,Bruce(May30,2008)."'NationalTreasure3'inworks".Jam!.CA:Canoe.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonJuly17,2012. ^Franklin,Garth(October22,2013)."A"NationalTreasure3"IsOnTheWay?".DarkHorizons.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMarch31,2014.RetrievedMarch21,2018. ^"'NationalTreasure3':NicCageSaystheWritersAreStillFact-Checking".May25,2016. ^AlyssaFikse(July30,2018)."TheDirectorOf'NationalTreasure'ExplainsWhyWeHaven'tGottenAThirdMovieYet".Uproxx.RetrievedJuly30,2018. ^Kit,Borys(January17,2020)."'BadBoys4'intheWorks(Exclusive)".TheHollywoodReporter.RetrievedJanuary17,2020. ^Mancuso,Vinnie(May7,2020)."Exclusive:'NationalTreasure'Disney+SeriesInDevelopment".Collider.RetrievedMay7,2020. Externallinks[edit] WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoNationalTreasure(film). Wikiquotehasquotationsrelatedto:NationalTreasure(film) Officialwebsite NationalTreasureatIMDb NationalTreasureatAllMovie NationalTreasureatBoxOfficeMojo vteNationalTreasureFilms NationalTreasure NationalTreasure:BookofSecrets soundtrack vteFilmsdirectedbyJonTurteltaub ThinkBig(1989) TrabbiGoestoHollywood(1991) 3Ninjas(1992) CoolRunnings(1993) WhileYouWereSleeping(1995) Phenomenon(1996) Instinct(1999) TheKid(2000) NationalTreasure(2004) NationalTreasure:BookofSecrets(2007) TheSorcerer'sApprentice(2010) LastVegas(2013) TheMeg(2018) vteFilmsproducedbyJerryBruckheimer Farewell,MyLovely(1975) MarchorDie(1977) AmericanGigolo(1980) Defiance(1980) Thief(1981) YoungDoctorsinLove(1982) Flashdance(1983) ThiefofHearts(1984) BeverlyHillsCop(1984) TopGun(1986) BeverlyHillsCopII(1987) DaysofThunder(1990) DangerousMinds(1995) CrimsonTide(1995) BadBoys(1995) TheRock(1996) ConAir(1997) Armageddon(1998) EnemyoftheState(1998) Gonein60Seconds(2000) CoyoteUgly(2000) RemembertheTitans(2000) PearlHarbor(2001) BlackHawkDown(2001) BadCompany(2002) KangarooJack(2003) PiratesoftheCaribbean:TheCurseoftheBlackPearl(2003) BadBoysII(2003) VeronicaGuerin(2003) KingArthur(2004) NationalTreasure(2004) GloryRoad(2006) PiratesoftheCaribbean:DeadMan'sChest(2006) DéjàVu(2006) PiratesoftheCaribbean:AtWorld'sEnd(2007) NationalTreasure:BookofSecrets(2007) ConfessionsofaShopaholic(2009) G-Force(2009) PrinceofPersia:TheSandsofTime(2010) TheSorcerer'sApprentice(2010) PiratesoftheCaribbean:OnStrangerTides(2011) TheLoneRanger(2013) DeliverUsfromEvil(2014) PiratesoftheCaribbean:DeadMenTellNoTales(2017) 12Strong(2018) GeminiMan(2019) BadBoysforLife(2020) TopGun:Maverick(2022) SecretHeadquarters(2022) AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 WorldCat(viaVIAF) Other MusicBrainzreleasegroup Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=National_Treasure_(film)&oldid=1071681882" Categories:2004filmsEnglish-languagefilms2000sadventurefilms2000sheistfilmsAmericanfilmsAmericanadventurefilmsAmericanheistfilmsWaltDisneyPicturesfilms2000sEnglish-languagefilmsFilmsaboutFreemasonryFilmsdirectedbyJonTurteltaubFilmsproducedbyJerryBruckheimerFilmsscoredbyTrevorRabinFilmssetin1974Filmssetin2004FilmssetinMassachusettsFilmssetinNewYorkCityFilmssetinNewJerseyFilmssetinPennsylvaniaFilmssetinPhiladelphiaFilmssetinWashington,D.C.FilmsshotinNewYorkCityHollywoodRecordssoundtracksMuseumsinpopularcultureTreasurehuntfilmsCryptographyinfictionAmericanRevolutionaryWarfilmsUnitedStatesDeclarationofIndependenceCulturaldepictionsofGeorgeWashingtonCulturaldepictionsofThomasJeffersonCulturaldepictionsofBenjaminFranklinSaturnFilmsfilmsSecrethistoriesNationalTreasure(filmseries)Hiddencategories:CS1Italian-languagesources(it)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataUsemdydatesfromJune2017Templatefilmdatewith1releasedateArticleswithhAudiomicroformatsAlbuminfoboxeslackingacoverAlbumarticleslackingalttextforcoversCommonscategorylinkfromWikidataArticleswithVIAFidentifiersArticleswithMusicBrainzreleasegroupidentifiersArticleswithWorldCat-VIAFidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikiquote Languages العربيةԱրեւմտահայերէնБългарскиCatalàČeštinaDanskDeutschEspañolفارسیFrançaisGalego한국어Հայերենहिन्दीBahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתLietuviųMagyarമലയാളംمصرىBahasaMelayuNederlands日本語NorskbokmålOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийSimpleEnglishSlovenščinaSuomiSvenskaTürkçeУкраїнська粵語中文 Editlinks