Traditional authority - Wikipedia

Traditional authority is a form of leadership in which the authority of an organization or a regime is largely tied to tradition or custom. Traditionalauthority FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Leadershipwithauthoritytiedtotradition Thisarticlerelieslargelyorentirelyonasinglesource.Relevantdiscussionmaybefoundonthetalkpage.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyintroducingcitationstoadditionalsources.Findsources: "Traditionalauthority" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(June2021) PartofaseriesonSociology History Outline Index Keythemes Society Globalization Humanbehavior Humanenvironmentalimpact Identity Industrialrevolutions3&4 Socialcomplexity Socialconstruct Socialenvironment Socialequality Socialequity Socialpower Socialstratification Socialstructure Perspectives Conflicttheory Criticaltheory Structuralfunctionalism Positivism Socialconstructionism Symbolicinteractionism Branches Aging Architecture Art Astrosociology Body Criminology Consciousness Culture Death Demography Deviance Disaster Economic Education Emotion(Jealousy) Environmental Family Feminist Fiscal Food Gender Generations Health Historical Immigration Industrial Internet Jewry Knowledge Language Law Leisure Literature Marxist Mathematic Medical Military Music Peace,war,andsocialconflict Philosophy Political Public Punishment Raceandethnicity Religion Rural Science(Historyofscience) Socialmovements Socialpsychology Sociocybernetics Sociology Space Sport Technology Terrorism Urban Utopian Victimology Visual Methods Quantitative Qualitative Comparative Computational Ethnographic Conversationanalysis Historical Interview Mathematical Networkanalysis Socialexperiment Survey PeopleEastAsia 1900s FeiXiaotong SouthAsia 1800s G.SGhurye 1900s IrawatiKarve M.N.Srinivas MiddleEast 1400s IbnKhaldun Europe 1700s AugusteComte EmmanuelJosephSieyès 1800s ÉmileDurkheim HarrietMartineau KarlMarx GeorgSimmel HerbertSpencer FerdinandTönnies MaxWeber 1900s MichelFoucault JürgenHabermas NorthAmerica 1800s JaneAddams ErnestBurgess W.E.B.DuBois GeorgeHerbertMead ThorsteinVeblen 1900s JamesColeman PatriciaHillCollins ErvingGoffman PaulLazarsfeld CharlesWrightMills RobertK.Merton ThedaSkocpol DorothyE.Smith Lists Bibliography Terminology Journals Organizations People Timeline Bycountry  Societyportal WikiProjectSociologyvte Traditionalauthorityisaformofleadershipinwhichtheauthorityofanorganizationoraregimeislargelytiedtotraditionorcustom.Themainreasonforthegivenstateofaffairsisthat"thingshavealwaysbeenthatway".[1] Contents 1Insociology 1.1Patriarchsandtheirhouseholds 1.2Patrimonialism 1.3Feudalism 1.4Traditionalleaders 2Seealso 3References 4Externallinks Insociology[edit] Insociology,theconceptoftraditionalauthority(domination)comesfromMaxWeber'stripartiteclassificationofauthority,theothertwoformsbeingcharismaticauthorityandrational-legalauthority.Allofthosethreedominationtypesrepresentanexampleofhisidealtypeconcept.Webernotedthatinhistorythoseidealtypesofdominationarealwaysfoundincombinations. Intraditionalauthority,thelegitimacyoftheauthoritycomesfromtradition;incharismaticauthorityfromthepersonalityandleadershipqualitiesoftheindividual;andinrational-legalauthorityfrompeoplethatarebureaucraticallyandlegallyattachedtocertainpositions. Patriarchsandtheirhouseholds[edit] Weberderivesthetraditionaldominationfrompatriarchiesandtheirhouseholds–inotherwords,fromtheancienttraditionoffamily(theauthorityofamasteroverhishousehold).Themasterisdesignatedinaccordancewiththerulesofinheritance.Hehasnoadministrativestaffnoranymachinerytoenforcehiswillbyforcealone;hedependsonthewillingnessofthegroupmemberstorespecthisauthority.Thosemembersstandinpersonalrelationstohim.Theyobeyhimbasedonthebeliefthatthisistheirdutysanctionedbyimmemorialtraditionandonfeelingoffilialpietyforthepersonofthemaster. Patrimonialism[edit] Patrimonialgovernmentoccurswhentheruler'shouseholdexpandswiththehouseholdadministrationgivingrisetogovernmentaloffices.Allofficialsarepersonaldependentsorfavouritesoftheruler,appointedbyhim.Theirinteractionswiththerulerarebasedonpaternalauthorityandfilialdependence.Theofficialstreattheirworkasapersonalservicetotheruler.Therulerhascompletecontrolovertheofficials;heempowersthemfromcasetocase,assignsspecifictasks,promotesanddemotes.Theyhavenorights,rathertheyhaveprivilegesgrantedandwithdrawnbytheruler.Itisraretodiscoveranyclearandstablehierarchyandresponsibilityinthedelugeofofficialtitlesofmostpatrimonialadministrations. Militaryforceisanimportantinstrumentofapatrimonialrule.Weberdistinguishedfivetypesofmilitaryorganisations.Inallofthosecasesthemilitaryisatooloftheruler,solelyforhisuse—butheisresponsibleforitsupkeep(equipment,maintenanceandwages). Withthegrowthoftheterritoryorganizedandmoreindependentadministrativestaffandmilitaryforcebecameanecessity.Thisusuallyleadstodecentralisation,andsomeindividualsgainmoreindependenceintheformofcertainrights(forexample,therighttoinheritanceandmarriagewithouttheconsentoftherulers,tobejudgedbyindependentcourtsinsteadofofficialsoftheroyalhousehold,etc.). OneofthebestexamplesofalmostpuretypeofpatrimonialismisancientEgypt,wherethepopulationwasentirelydependentuponthecontrolofthewaterways(NileRiver).Thisfacilitatedthecreationofcentralisedgovernment.Whentheroyalhouseholdrequiredit,theindividualhadtoperformthepublicduties,suchasparticipateinlabor-intensiveproject(risingofthepyramids).Thusthewholecountrywasinfactthepatriarchalhouseholdofthepharaoh. Whenlandisgiventomilitaryorofficialsfortheperformanceoftheirduties,theirindependenceincreasesandthepoweroftherulerweakens(considertheMameluksandtheirrebellions,orthedifferencebetweenChineseConfucianliteratiwhowereneverabletooverthrowthepoweroftheemperorandEuropeanknightswhoevolvedintopowerfularistocracyinmanycasesvastlylimitingthepowerofthekings(especiallyinthePolish–LithuanianCommonwealth)). PatrimonialdominancehasoftenprevailedintheOrient,wherelandremainedinthecontroloftheruler.However,intheOccidenttherulerlostcontrolofthelandsgiventothenobility,whichaccordingtoWeberwasamajorreasonforpatrimonialismbeingreplacedbyfeudalism. Feudalism[edit] Whencomparedtopatrimonialism,feudalismhasonemajorsimilarityandseveralimportantdifferences. Thesimilarityisthatbotharebasedontraditionandhavepowerfulrulerswhograntrightsinreturnformilitaryandadministrativeservices. Thedifferencesareimportantforthesubtlerdistinction: feudalismreplacesthepaternalrelationshipofpatrimonialismbyacontractofallegiancebasedonknightlymilitarism. thepatrimonialruler'sgrantsofauthorityandthepersonaldependenceofofficialarereplacedinfeudalismbythecontractualfreedom,personalallegianceandsocioeconomicprominenceonthepartofthevassals. Traditionalleaders[edit] Mostoftherepresentativesofanydynastyrulingformorethanonegeneration(kings,emperors,sultans,etc.)wouldfallintothatcategory.Thus,themajorityofmonarchiesandsomeautocracies,oligarchies,andtheocracieswouldberuledbytraditionalleaders. Oftenthemaleheadofacommonfamilyshouldbeconsideredatraditionalleader.Thiscouldalsobethecaseinafamily-ownedbusinessifitsdirectorandotherleadershippositionsarechosenbasedonfamilytiesand/orage. Seealso[edit] Societyportal Pre-industrialsociety TheThreeTypesofLegitimateRule References[edit] ^ReinhardBendix,MaxWeber:anintellectualportrait,UniversityofCaliforniaPress,1977,p.295 Externallinks[edit] SouthAfrica:traditionalleaders vteConservatism Timeline SchoolsbyregionInternational Corporatist Cultural Green Liberal National Paternalistic Populist Pragmatic Progressive Social Traditionalist AmericaCanada BlueTory FrenchCanadiannationalism Clerico-nationalism RedTory Latin Chilean Gremialismo Pinochetism Colombian Peruvian Fujimorism UnitedStates Compassionate Libertarian Fusionism Paleo Movement Neo OldRight Paleo Reaganism Social Traditionalist AsiaRussia Eurasianism Monarchist Putinism Slavophilia Pochvennichestvo Turkey Democratic Erdoğanism Neo-Ottomanism Other China HongKong India Pakistan SouthKorea Taiwan EuropeUnitedKingdom One-nationism Muscular Powellism Thatcherism Toryism HighToryism France ActionFrançaise Bonapartism Gaullism Legitimism Maurassisme Orléanism Ultra-royalism Germany ConservativeRevolution Romanticism StateSocialism Italy Berlusconism HistoricalRight Sanfedismo Poland GoldenLiberty NationalDemocracy Sarmatism Spain Carlism Carloctavismo Carlo-francoism Francoism Integrism Mellismo Neocatholicism Noucentisme Other Greece Metaxism Serbia Oceania Australia NewZealand PhilosophyConcepts Authority Civilsociety Communitarianism Complementarianism Culturalheritage Cultureoflife Familialism Familyvalues Monarchy Naturallaw Naturalorder Organicsociety Originalsin Orthodoxy Privateproperty Pro-Life Publicmorality Socialhierarchy Socialnorm Socialorder Solidarity Subsidiarity Tradition Traditionalauthority Thinkers Barruel Belloc Bonald BuckleyJr. Burke Burnham Carlyle Chateaubriand Chesterton Coleridge Cortés Dávila Dostoevsky Dugin Gentz Grant Groulx Guzmán Haller  Hazony Hitchens Hume Iorga Johnson Jünger Karamzin Kirk Koneczny Kuehnelt-Leddihn LeBon LePlay Leontiev Lévy Maistre Mansfield Mella More Müller Newman Nisbet Oakeshott Oliveira Rivarol Santayana Schmitt Scruton Solzhenitsyn Spengler Strauss Taine Tocqueville Uvarov Viereck Voegelin Weaver PoliticsOrganisations EuropeanConservativesandReformistsParty EuropeanPeople'sParty InternationalDemocratUnion Young MuslimBrotherhood Tradition,Family,Property Politicians Abe Adams Adenauer Andreotti d'Azeglio Berlusconi Bismarck Braun Bush Canning Churchill Diefenbaker Disraeli Dmowski Duplessis Erdoğan Franco Fujimori Gaulle Goldwater Harper Jung Kohl LePen Macdonald Maurras Metternich Orbán Pinochet Pitt Pobedonostsev Powell Putin Reagan Salazar Salisbury Thatcher Valera Zemmour Religion Christianright Theoconservatism Clericalism Hindu Jewish Islamic TraditionalistCatholicism Integralism SocietyofSaintPiusX Ultramontanism TraditionalistSchool Perennialism Relatedtopics AncienRégime Anti-communism Anti-gendermovement Anti-Masonry Aristocracy Blackconservatism UnitedStates Catholicsocialteaching Christiandemocracy Distributism Conservativefeminism Corporatism Counter-Enlightenment Counter-Reformation Counter-revolutionary Elitetheory Feudalism Hispanicconservatism UnitedStates LGBTconservatism NewRight Radicalright Europe UnitedStates Reactionary Rightrealism Right-wingauthoritarianism Right-wingpolitics Small-cconservatives SyllabusofErrors Conservatismportal Politicsportal Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Traditional_authority&oldid=1085061540" Categories:AuthorityMaxWeberSociologicalterminologyHiddencategories:ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromJune2021Allarticlesneedingadditionalreferences Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةEspañolفارسیBahasaIndonesiaNederlands日本語Српски/srpski中文 Editlinks