Before - 當代英語文法 - 劍橋線上詞典 - Cambridge Dictionary

Before with present tenses. When we use before in clauses in the present tense, the clause can refer to the future: Before I go to work, I jog for at least ... Before Grammar>Words,sentencesandclauses>Conjunctionsandlinkingwords>BeforeBeforeisapreposition,anadverbandaconjunction.Beforemeansearlierthanthetimeoreventmentioned:Canyoucallmebackbefore5pm,please?Imetherjustbeforesheleft.Warning:Inwriting,whenwereferbacktosomethingthatwehavealreadywritten,weuseabovenotbefore:Asthegraphaboveshows,therateofinflationhasrisenby15%.Weusebeforemostcommonlywithnounphrasestorefertotimedevents:Iliketogoforarunbeforebreakfast.Youcancheckinonlinebutyouhavetodoitatleastfourhoursbeforeyourflight.Weusebeforetorefertoplace,especiallywhenitisseenaspartofajourneyoraspartofasequenceofeventsintime:GetoffthebusjustbeforeEustonStation.Justbeforetheendofthepoem,thereisalinewherethepoetexpresseshisdeepestfears.Ifyouhavetodosomethingbeforeacertainpointintime,thenwhenthatpointarrives,theactionmustalreadybecompleted:IneedtohavetheletterbeforeFriday.(Fridayistoolate.IneeditinadvanceofFriday.)Ifyouhavetodosomethingbyacertainpointintime,thenthattimeisthelastmomentatwhichtheactioncanbecompleted:Canwefinishthismeetingby5pm.Ihavetogettothestationby5.30pm.(5pmisthelatestthatIwantthemeetingtofinishand5.30pmisthelatestthatIcanarriveatthestation.)Ifsomethingisdoneorhappenstilloruntilapointintime,ithappensoveradurationoftime,startingbeforethattimeandcontinuinguptothatpoint:[out-of-officeauto-replymessageonanemail]I’llbeoutoftheofficeuntil17thMay.Iwillreplytoyouremailafterthatdate.(Iwillbebackon17May,butnotbefore.)CompareI’llbethereuntilfiveo’clock.I’llbethereuptofiveo’clock,butnotafter.I’llcallyoubyfiveo’clock.Imaycallyoubeforefiveo’clockbutIwillcallyounolaterthanfiveo’clock.I’llbetherebeforedinner.I’llbethereearlierthandinnertime.Beforeoftencomesafternounssuchasday,morning,night,week,month,yeartorefertothepreviousday,morning,etc.:Twopeoplewereillatworkyesterdayandthreepeoplethedaybefore!A:Didyougraduatein1989?B:No,actually,Ifinishedcollegetheyearbefore.Warning:Whenwerefertoaperiodoftimethatiscompletedandgoesfromapointinthepastuptonow,weuseago,notbefore:A:Whenwasyourbirthday?B:Itwasthreeweeksago.Seealso:AgoWeusebeforetoconnectearliereventstothemomentofspeakingortoapointoftimeinthepast:I’msolookingforwardtothetrip.Ihaven’tbeentoLatinAmericabefore.(uptothemomentofspeaking)IintroducedTomtoOlivialastnight.Theyhadn’tmetbefore.(uptothatpointinthepast)Weusebeforeasasubordinatingconjunction.Wecommonlyusebeforewiththepastsimpletense.Itsuggeststhatthesecondeventhappenedsoonafterthefirstone.Thebeforeclause,whichindicatesthesecondaction,canbeattheendoratthebeginningofthesentence:Beforesheleft,shegaveeveryoneapresent.Shegaveeveryoneapresentbeforesheleft.Whenweusebeforeinclausesinthepresenttense,theclausecanrefertothefuture:BeforeIgotowork,Ijogforatleastanhour.Not:BeforeIwillgotowork…Wesometimesusebeforeclausesinavarietyoftensestosaythattheactionoreventinthebeforeclausedidnotormaynothappen:BeforeIhadachancetothankhim,he’dgone.You’reinterruptingherbeforeshehasevenspoken.Beforehehadfinishedhistraining,hewassacked.Weshouldstopshoppingnowbeforewespendallourmoney.Anon-finiteclausewithbefore+ing-formismoreformal:Beforebringingthemilktotheboil,addtheegg.(moreformalthanBeforeyoubring…)Wecanuseadverbssuchasjust,immediately,shortlyandlong,andexpressionsinvolvingwordssuchasdays,weeks,months,yearsinfrontofbefore:Wegothomejustbeforeitrained.Thedeadlinefortheessaywas5pm.Igotmineinshortlybeforefiveo’clockbutLilyhadhersindaysbeforethedeadline.Wecanusebeforehandasanalternativetobeforeasanadverb,especiallywhenthereferencetotimeislessspecific.SpokenEnglish:Beforehandismorecommonininformalspeakingthaninwriting:IlovesingingbutIalwaysgetsonervousbeforehand.Infrontofbeforehand,wecanputadverbssuchasimmediately,justandshortly,andothertimeexpressionssuchasdays,weeks,months,years:Monthsbeforehand,Dominichadboughtfiveticketsfortheconcert.Weusebeforemeaning‘infrontof’inmoreformalcontexts:Brianwastwentyyearsold.Hehadhiswholelifebeforehim.ThePrimeMinisterwentbeforethepeopletotellthemthathewasgoingtoresign. Especiallyinwriting,weusebeforelongtomean‘afterashorttime’:They’llmarrybeforelong,andthenyou’llhavemoregrandsonsthanyoucancount.Weuseabovenotbeforewhenwereferbacktosomethingwehavealreadywritten:Asstatedabove,therearefourkeyfindingsfromthestudy.Not:Asstatedbefore,thereare…Whenwerefertoaperiodoftimethatiscompletedandwhichgoesfromapointinthepastuptonow,weuseago,notbefore:A:Whendidyoufirstmeet?B:Tenyearsagowhenwewereincollege.Not:Tenyearsbeforewhen…   熱門搜索 01 Prefer 02 A/anandthe 03 Since 04 Collocation 05 Dates 06 Adjectivesandadverbs 07 Inorderto 08 Presentperfectcontinuous(Ihavebeenworking) 09 Comparison:adjectives(bigger,biggest,moreinteresting) 10 Nouns:countableanduncountable 用我們的趣味配圖小測驗考考你的詞彙量 {{randomImageQuizHook.copyright1}} {{randomImageQuizHook.copyright2}} 圖片來源 立即嘗試小測驗 「每日一詞」 decluttering theactivityofremovingthingsyoudonotneedfromaplace,inordertomakeitmorepleasantandmoreuseful 關於這個 部落格 Learningbyheartandcramming(Learningwords) January12,2022 查看更多 新詞 supercold January10,2022 查看更多 已添加至list 回到頁面頂端 內容 Adjectivesandadverbs Easilyconfusedwords Nouns,pronounsanddeterminers Prepositionsandparticles UsingEnglish Verbs Words,sentencesandclauses {{#displayLoginPopup}} Cambridge Dictionary+Plus 了解更多 +Plus 註冊 免費獲取獨享內容： 免費 劍橋詞彙表和小測驗 工具 創建你自己的詞彙表和小測驗 詞彙表 由字典愛好者分享 立即註冊或者登錄 Cambridge Dictionary+Plus 了解更多 +Plus 免費創建詞彙表和小測驗 立即註冊或者登錄 {{/displayLoginPopup}} {{#displayClassicSurvey}} {{/displayClassicSurvey}} {{#notifications}} {{{message}}} {{#secondaryButtonUrl}} {{{secondaryButtonLabel}}} {{/secondaryButtonUrl}} {{#dismissable}} {{{closeMessage}}} {{/dismissable}} {{/notifications}} 劍橋詞典+Plus 我的主頁 +Plus幫助 退出 詞典 定義 清晰解釋自然的書面和口頭英語 英語 學習詞典 基礎英式英語 基礎美式英語 翻譯 點選箭頭改變翻譯方向。

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雙語詞典 英語-法語 法語-英語 英語-德語 德語-英語 英語-印尼語 印尼語-英語 英語-義大利語 義大利語-英語 英語-日語 日語-英語 英語-波蘭語 波蘭語-英語 英語-葡萄牙語 葡萄牙語-英語 英語-西班牙語 西班牙語-英語 半雙語詞典 荷蘭語-英語 英語-阿拉伯語 英語-加泰羅尼亞語 英語-中文（簡體） 英語-中文（繁體） 英語-捷克語 英語-丹麥語 英語-韓語 英語-馬來語 英語-挪威語 英語-俄語 英語-泰語 英語-土耳其語 英語-越南語 詞典+Plus 詞彙表 選擇語言 正體中文(繁體)  English(UK) English(US) Español Español(Latinoamérica) Русский Português Deutsch Français Italiano 中文(简体) Polski 한국어 Türkçe 日本語 TiếngViệt 內容 AdjectivesAdjectives:formsAdjectives:orderAdjectivephrases:functionsAdjectivephrases:positionAdjectivesandadjectivephrases:typicalerrorsComparison:adjectives(bigger,biggest,moreinteresting)Comparison:clauses(biggerthanwehadimagined)Comparison:comparisonsofequality(astallashisfather)As…asAdverbsAdverbphrasesAdverbsandadverbphrases:positionAdverbsandadverbphrases:typicalerrorsAdverbs:formsAdverbs:functionsAdverbs:typesComparison:adverbs(worse,moreeasily)FairlyIntensifiers(very,atall)LargelyMuch,alot,lots,agooddeal:adverbsPrettyQuiteRatherReallyScarcelyVeryAboutAgoAlreadyAlwaysEarlyEverHardlyever,rarely,scarcely,seldomNextNolonger,notanylongerNomore,notanymoreNowOftenOnceSoonStillThenUsuallyEventuallyAdverbsasdiscoursemarkers(anyway,finally)Adverbsasshortresponses(definitely,certainly)AfraidAlikeHardLongOnlySame,similar,identicalLikelyandunlikelyAswell(as)EvenHardlyHopefullySurelyTooUltimatelyAboveorover?Across,overorthrough?Adviceoradvise?Affectoreffect?Allorevery?Allorwhole?Allow,permitorlet?Almostornearly?Alone,lonely,orlonesome?Alongoralongside?Already,stilloryet?Also,aswellortoo?Alternate(ly),alternative(ly)Althoughorthough?Altogetheroralltogether?Amountof,numberoforquantityof?Anymoreoranymore?Anyone,anybodyoranything?Apartfromorexceptfor?Ariseorrise?Aroundorround?Arouseorrouse?Asorlike?As,becauseorsince?As,whenorwhile?Beenorgone?Beginorstart?Besideorbesides?Betweenoramong?Bornorborne?Bring,takeandfetchCan,couldormay?Classicorclassical?Comeorgo?Considerorregard?Consist,compriseorcompose?Contentorcontents?Differentfrom,differenttoordifferentthan?Doormake?Down,downwardsordownward?Duringorfor?Eachorevery?Eastoreastern;northornorthern?Economicoreconomical?Efficientoreffective?Elder,eldestorolder,oldest?Endorfinish?Especiallyorspecially?Exceptorexceptfor?Expect,hopeorwait?Experienceorexperiment?Fallorfalldown?Faroralongway?Farther,farthestorfurther,furthest?Fast,quickorquickly?Fellorfelt?Femaleorfeminine;maleormasculine?Finally,atlast,lastlyorintheend?First,firstlyoratfirst?Fitorsuit?Followingorthefollowing?Fororsince?Forgetorleave?Fullorfilled?Funorfunny?Getorgo?Gratefulorthankful?Hearorlisten(to)?Highortall?Historicorhistorical?Houseorhome?Howis…?orWhatis…like?Iforwhen?Iforwhether?Illorsick?Implyorinfer?Inthewayorontheway?It’sorits?Lateorlately?Layorlie?Lendorborrow?Lessorfewer?Lookat,seeorwatch?Loworshort?Man,mankindorpeople?Maybeormaybe?Maybeorperhaps?Nearestornext?Neverornot…ever?Niceorsympathetic?Nodoubtorwithoutdoubt?Noornot?Nowadays,thesedaysortoday?Openoropened?Opportunityorpossibility?Oppositeorinfrontof?Other,others,theotheroranother?Outoroutof?Permitorpermission?Person,personsorpeople?Pickorpickup?Playorgame?Politics,political,politicianorpolicy?Priceorprize?Principalorprinciple?Quietorquite?Raiseorrise?Rememberorremind?Rightorrightly?Roborsteal?Sayortell?Sothatorinorderthat?Sometimesorsometime?Soundornoise?Speakortalk?Suchorso?There,theirorthey’re?Towardsortoward?Waitorwaitfor?Wake,wakeuporawaken?Worthorworthwhile?A/anandtheDeterminers(the,my,some,this)DeterminersandtypesofnounDeterminers:positionandorderDeterminers:typicalerrorsDeterminersusedaspronounsEveryPossession(John’scar,afriendofmine)SuchThis,that,these,thoseWholeNounsNouns:formNounsandprepositionsNouns:compoundnounsNouns:countableanduncountableNouns:formingnounsfromotherwordsNouns:singularandpluralAccommodationEquipmentFurnitureInformationLuckandluckyNewsProgressWeatherNounphrases:dependentwordsNounphrases:orderNounphrases:usesNounphrases:nounphrasesandverbsNounphrases:twonounphrasestogetherPronounsEachother,oneanotherEveryone,everybody,everything,everywhereItGenderNoone,nobody,nothing,nowhereOneOneandone’sPronouns:personal(I,me,you,him,it,they,etc.)Pronouns:possessive(my,mine,your,yours,etc.)Pronouns:reflexive(myself,themselves,etc.)Pronouns:indefinite(-body,-one,-thing,-where)Pronouns:one,you,we,theyRelativepronounsQuestions:interrogativepronouns(what,who)Someone,somebody,something,somewhereThatAbitAllAnyBothEitherEnoughLeast,theleast,atleastLessLittle,alittle,few,afewLots,alot,plentyManyMoreMost,themost,mostlyMuch,many,alotof,lotsof:quantifiersNo,noneandnoneofPlentySomeSomeandanyHowWhatWhenWhereWhichWho,whomWhoseWhyPiecewordsandgroupwordsComparison:nouns(moremoney,themostpoints)NounsandgenderReportedspeech:reportingnounsAgeHalfHolidayandholidaysMindOpinionPromiseReasonSort,typeandkindThingandstuffViewWayWork(noun)PrepositionsPrepositionalphrasesAboveAfter,afterwardsAgainstAmongandamongstAsAtAt,inandto(movement)At,onandin(place)At,onandin(time)BelowBeneathBeyondByDuringForFor+-ingFromInfrontofInspiteofanddespiteIn,intoNearandneartoOfOn,ontoOverToUnderUntilWithWithinWithoutCollocationCommandsandinstructionsCommentariesInvitationsOffersRequestsGreetingsandfarewells:hello,goodbye,HappyNewYearSuggestionsTelephoningWarningsDatesMeasurementsNumberTimeGeographicalplacesNamesandtitles:addressingpeopleNationalities,languages,countriesandregionsPlacenamesAbroadAwayandawayfromBackInsideNearbyOutsideUpPolitenessReportedspeechReportedspeech:directspeechReportedspeech:indirectspeechSexistlanguagePronunciationIntonationPolitenessInterjections(ouch,hooray)TagsChunksEllipsisHeadersandtailsHyperboleVagueexpressionsDowntonersHedges(just)SubstitutionAllrightandalrightPleaseandthankyouHereandthereJustKindofandsortofOhSoandnotwithexpect,hope,think,etc.SoYesAnywayDiscoursemarkers(so,right,okay)InfactOkay,OKWellYouknowYouseeBritishandAmericanEnglishDialectDoublenegativesandusageFormalandinformallanguageNewspaperheadlinesRegisterSlangStandardandnon-standardlanguageSwearingandtabooexpressionsAccordingtoActualandactuallyApproximations(aroundfouro’clock)AtallElseHearthat,seethatHowever,whatever,whichever,whenever,wherever,whoeverIt’stimeMayaswellandmightaswellMoreorlessOfcoursePointofviewApostrophe(’)AppositionContractionsContrastsDetachedimpersonalstyleInternetdiscourseandtextmessagesIt,thisandthatinparagraphsParagraphsPunctuationSpeechintowritingSpellingSuchasPastsimple(Iworked)Pastcontinuous(Iwasworking)Pastcontinuousorpastsimple?Pastsimpleorpresentperfect?UsedtoPastperfectsimple(Ihadworked)Pastperfectcontinuous(Ihadbeenworking)Pastperfectsimpleorpastperfectcontinuous?Pastperfectsimpleorpastsimple?PastverbformsreferringtothepresentPast:typicalerrorsPresentcontinuous(Iamworking)Presentperfectcontinuous(Ihavebeenworking)Presentperfectsimple(Ihaveworked)Presentperfectsimpleorpresentperfectcontinuous?Presentperfect:typicalerrorsPresentsimple(Iwork)Presentsimpleorpresentcontinuous?Present:typicalerrorsPresentverbformsreferringtothepastFuture:willandshallFuture:begoingto(Iamgoingtowork)Future:otherexpressionstotalkaboutthefutureFuturecontinuous(Iwillbeworking)FutureinthepastFutureperfectcontinuous(Iwillhavebeenworkingheretenyears)Futureperfectsimple(Iwillhaveworkedeighthours)Future:presentcontinuoustotalkaboutthefuture(I’mworkingtomorrow)Future:presentsimpletotalkaboutthefuture(Iworktomorrow)Future:typicalerrorsGoingtoFiniteandnon-finiteverbsImperativeclauses(Bequiet!)InfinitiveswithandwithouttoInfinitive:activeorpassive?Perfectinfinitivewithto(tohaveworked)Verbs:basicformsVerbs:formationHate,like,loveandpreferHear,see,etc.+object+infinitiveor-ingHelpsomebody(to)doLookforwardtoStop+-ingformorto-infinitiveVerbpatterns:verb+infinitiveorverb+-ing?Verbpatterns:verb+that-clauseVerbpatterns:withandwithoutobjectsWouldlikeWouldrather,wouldsoonerPhrasalverbsandmulti-wordverbsGetpassiveHavesomethingdonePassive:formsPassiveswithandwithoutanagentPassive:usesPassive:otherformsPassive:typicalerrorsCanCouldCould,mayandmightDareHadbetterMayMightModality:formsModality:meaningsandusesModality:tenseModality:otherverbsModality:othermodalwordsandexpressionsMustNeedOughttoShallShouldWillWouldConditionalsConditionals:ifConditionals:otherexpressions(unless,should,aslongas)Conditionals:typicalerrorsIfonlyIncase(of)Suppose,supposingandwhatifWishVerbs:typesVerbphrasesVerbsandverbphrases:typicalerrorsAppearAskandaskforBeBeexpressions(beableto,bedueto)ComeDoEnableEnjoyExplainGetGoHappenHaveHavegotandhaveHopeKnowLet,let’sLikeLookMadefrom,madeof,madeoutof,madewithMakeMarryanddivorceMatterMeanMissPreferPutSeeSeemSuggestTakeThinkWantTableofirregularverbsWordclassesandphraseclassesWordformationPrefixesSuffixesCompoundsAbbreviations,initialsandacronyms-ishand-yDiminutives(-let,-yandmini-)HyphensWordorderandfocusWordorder:structuresCleftsentences(ItwasinJunewegotmarried.)FrontingInversionNosoonerNotonly…butalsoAndAsifandasthoughAslongasandsolongasBecause,becauseofandcos,cosofBeforeButConjunctionsConjunctions:addingConjunctions:causes,reasons,resultsandpurposeConjunctions:contrastingConjunctions:timeEither…or…IfInordertoOrSinceUnlessWhereasWhetherWhileandwhilstYetAdjunctsClausesClauses:finiteandnon-finiteClausetypesComplementsDummysubjectsExclamationsHeadsObjectsSentencesSubjectsSubjectcomplementsSubject–verbagreementRelativeclausesRelativeclausesreferringtoawholesentenceRelativeclauses:definingandnon-definingRelativeclauses:typicalerrorsNeither,neither…norandnot…eitherNotNeither,neither…norandnot…eitherNotFormingnegativestatements,questionsandimperativesNegation:twonegativesNegativeclauseswithany,anybody,anyone,anything,anywhereNegationinnon-finiteclausesNegativeprefixesandsuffixesNegativeadverbs:hardly,seldom,etc.Negation:emphasisingNegationofthink,believe,suppose,hopeQuestions:alternativequestions(Isitblackorgrey?)Questions:statementquestions(you’reover18?)Questions:two-stepquestionsQuestions:typicalerrorsQuestions:wh-questionsQuestions:yes-noquestions(Areyoufeelingcold?)Questions:follow-upquestionsQuestions:echoandcheckingquestionsQuestions:shortforms 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