About The Park - 金門國家公園

Kinmen Island is an island off southeast shore of China and out on the estuary of ... Kinmen National Park spans the center and parts of the northeast, ... Jumptothemaincontentblock ::: Language 正體中文 日本語 SiteMap FAQ SiteMap FAQ Language 正體中文 日本語 News AboutThePark RecreationInformation ThemeTour SightseeingRoutes TourismInformation VisitingInformation LocalSpecialties Traffic&GuestHouse Attractions Multimedia Wallpapers E-book Video AdministrativeServices FAQ MoreLinks ContentUs ::: HOME AboutThePark AboutThePark Since1980,ninenationalparkshavebeenrespectivelyestablished,whichasawholeservessignificanteffortsofTaiwanGovernmentinraisingpublicawarenessoflandethics.WhiletheseparkshavepreservedmuchoftheessenceofTaiwan’snaturalandculturalvalues,theestablishmentofKinmenNationalPark,amilestonethatstandsforanadvancedeffort,furtherplacedanincreasingemphasisonculturalheritagepreservation;itexpandsTaiwan’snationalparksystemintoagranderdimension. ►KinmenNationalParkMap&Guide WewishthisbookguidesyouwellduringyourvisittoKinmenNationalPark,and,bypresentingacomprehensiveoverview,offersyouanextensiveexperienceandfacilitatestheunderstandingofourPark.Withthisguidebook,wehopebothresidentsandvisitorswouldbeabletocarryonanintimateconversationwiththisisland.WebelieveyouwillhavefondmemoriesandgreatimpressionsofKinmen,andthereforeKinmen’shistoricheritageanditsecologicalandenvironmentalassetscouldshowtheirinestimablevaluesandbewellcherished. ►KinmenNationalPark KinmenIslandisanislandoffsoutheastshoreofChinaandoutontheestuaryofJiulongRiver(九龍江),China.WiththelatitudesimilarasTaichungCity(台中市),Taiwan,Kinmen(13,425hectares)is10kilometerseastofXiamenHarbor(廈門港),China,and227kilometerswestofTaiwanIsland. KinmenNationalParkspansthecenterandpartsofthenortheast,northwestandsouthwestcornerofKinmenIsland,andalsoround-the-islandtankroadsandthesurroundingofLieyuIsland(alsoknownasLittleKinmen).TheareaoftheparkisalmostequivalenttoonefourthofthetotalGreaterKinmen.The3,528-hectarenationalparkisdividedintofiveseparateparks—TaiwuMountain,Guningtou,Gugang,MashanandLieyu. ►JhongshanlinVisitorCenter Withasenseofpurposeforpreservation,researchstudyandenjoyment,underthetwelftharticleoftheNationalParkAct,KinmenNationalParkisdividedintoareasbasedonfourcharacteristics—significantscenicarea,historicarea,recreationalarea,andexistingusearea.Theclassificationtargetseffortsatdesigningsuitableconservationplansforeacharea,inordertowellpreserveeachuniquecharactersofKinmen.   AlthoughKinmenisanisland,itisclosetothemainland.Thismeansthatitsfloraandfaunaaeralsosimilartothoseonthecontinent.However,comparedtoTaiwan’sothersmallislands,KinmenhasmanyspeciesoffloraandfaunathatcannotbefoundonTaiwanproper.Therearemorethan690nativespeciesonKinmen,includingmanynotseenonTaiwan,suchasthesoftbollygumtree(Litseaglutinosa),theChinesesumac(Strophanthusdivaricatus).Withregardstobirds,manyspecieseasilyseenonKinmenareveryrareonTaiwanornotfoundthereatall.Theseincludethegreatercoucal(Centropussinensis),thestripedkingfisher(Halcyonchelicuti)andthefork-tailedsunbird(Aethopygachristinae),ofwhichthereareonrecordsightingsonTaiwan. BecauseKinmen’senvironmentiswellprotected,andbecauseitislocatedinapositionofconvergence,organismswithastrongdispersalabilitycaneasilyappearthere.Thisgivestheislandarelativelyrichvarietyofdifferentspecies.Kinmen’spositionbetweenthetropicalzonetoitssouthandthetemperatezonetoitsnorthmeansthattheislandhasquintessentialtropicalorganismssuchasbee-eaters(Meropidae)andsunbirds(Aehtopyga),aswellasspeciestypicallyfoundincoolerortemperateareas,includingloons(Gavidae)andswangeese(Ansercygnoides).Ontheeast-westaxis,Kinmenalsoliesbetweentheworld’slargestoceananditslargestcontinent.Thismeansthattheislandnotonlyhasbothclassicmarineorganismssuchasshort-tailedalbatrosses(Diomedeaalbatrus)andfrigatebirds(Fregata),butalsohascontinentalspecieslikethecommonmagpie(Picapica)andcollaredcrow(Corvustorquatus).Inadditiontothis,theeasterncoastaledgeoftheAsiancontinentisanimportantmigrationrouteforbirds.Kinmen’slocationinthesouth-easternlittoralofthecontinentthereforemeansthatmanyspeciesofmigratorybirdpassthroughtheislandorspendthewinterthere. ThecoastalareaofFujianandGuangdongprovincesisnarrowanddenselypopulated,andthenaturalenvironmentprotectioninthecoastalareaisfairlypoor,butKinmen’sstatusasabattlegroundhasallowedtheislandtoenjoy“accidental”protection,turningitintoaparadiseforplantsandanimals.ThankstotheKinmenNationalParksManagementOffice’s20-plusyearsofeffort,in-depthandwide-rangingsurveyshavebeenconductedintotheisland’sbiodiversity.Thisefforthasensuredthat,withintheFujiancoastalregion,Kinmenistheareawhosefloraandfaunahavebeenmostthoroughlyresearched.Ithasalsohelpedretainabeautifulhabitatandenvironmentforthecoastalregion’slivingcreatures. Fauna  ►Blue-tailedBee-eater ►HorseshoeCrab KinmenNationalParkissmallinarea.Thelonghistoryofhumansettlementleadstothelackoflarge-sizewildanimals.LocatedoffthecostalreignofthemainlandChina,Kinmenbecomesatemporaryhomeformanybirdsintheirmigratingjourneytosouth.Faunaotherthanbirds,themostdistinctivespeciesamongmammalsisEurasianotterwhilehorseshoecrabisrepresentativeforregionalcoastalcreatures.BirdsaretherichestandmostcharacteristicformoffaunainKinmenNationalPark.WithdiversehabitatsandlowpopulationandlocatedonmigrationflywayforbirdsfromSoutheastAsia,ahighnumberofspeciesandspeciesdiversityisobservedinKinmen.Today,thereareover300birdspeciesthatoccursinKinmen,includingresidentandmigratory.Amongthem,74percentaremigratorybirds,includingwintervisitors,summervisitorsandpassagebirds,whichoutnumberresidentbirds(13percent)andstraybirds(13percent)bylarge.Everyyearfromendofautumntillspringofthenextyearlargenumbersofshorebirdsincludinggeese,cormorant,birdsofthegullandploverhabitatinCiLake(慈湖),JinshaReservoir(金沙水庫)andLingshuiLake(陵水湖)areas,formingathrillingspectacle.Otherdistincttypesofbirds,mostlydifferentfromthosecommonlyseeninTaiwan,suchasCommonCrow-Pheasants,MagpieRobins,White-throatedKingfishers,LesserpiedKingfishers,Black-shoulderedKites,Blue-tailedbeeBee-eaters,Koels,andOystercatchershaveattractedflocksofbird-loversannually. ►Spot-billedDuck ►ChinesePond-Heron Flora Accordingtohistoricalrecords,Kinmenwasoriginallyathicklyforestedisland.Combinedwiththerepeatedwarsandchaos,thisturnedKinmenintoabarrenland. In1949theRepublicofChinaArmedForcesenteredKinmen, theirneedtocreateshelter,shisldagainstthewindandstabilizesanddunes,theybeganactivelyplantingtrees. ►OenotheraDrumnondiiHook ►MelastomacandidumD.Don ►ErythrinavariegateL Influencedbythelocalprecipitation,temperatureandgeologicalenvironment,thenativevegetationhasseveralcharacteristics: 1.Kinmenregionisofsemi-aridclimate.Therearen’tmanytypesofligneousplants.Plantsaremostlyshort,vinedplantsaresporadic,andtheepiphytesarerare. 2.Withsmallamountofraininthewinter.Therearemanytypesofdeciduoustrees.Theyshouldadapttodryenvironments. 3.Granitehillshavelargeareas.Therearemanytypesofrocks. 4.Therearemanywetlands,withdiversevarietiesofwetlandplants.   History ►Shanhou ThearcheologicalstudyonthesiteofFuguodun(復國墩)indicatesthefirstinhabitantinKinmendatesbackto5800to8000yearsago.Theinhabitantlivedbyfood-gathering,huntingandfishing.TheexcavatedrelicsalsosuggestsaconnectionofFuguodunheritageinthesoutheasterncoastofChinawiththeDabenkeng(大坌坑)CultureofTaiwan,bothofwhichbelongtoancestralarchetypeoftheSouthIslandethnicgroup. DuringtheJianwu(建武)ReignoftheYuanEmperor,EasternJin(東晉)Dynasty(A.D.317),socialturmoilswascausedbyWuHuuprising(五胡亂華)intheCentralPlainsofChina,withmilitaryinvasionsofnomadictribes.Sixextendedfamilies soughtrefugeinsouthandsettledinKinmen,whichwascalledWuzhou(浯洲).UntilSupervisor-GeneralofRoyalEquines(牧馬監mumajian)ChenYuan(陳淵),duringtheZhenyuan(貞元)ReignofTangDynasty(A.D.803),ledanothertwelveextendedfamilieswithcultivationforcetoWuzhou,theislandthensustainedasteadypopulationgrowth.DuringtheShenzong(神宗)Reign(A.D.1068-85)oftheNorthernSongDynasty,Wuzhouwasatlastintegratedintoaregionaladministrativedistrict,Tongan(同安)County .Itissaid,underthefollowingregime,SongDynastyConfucianscholarZhuxi  (朱熹)establishedYanNanAcademy(燕南書院)andgavelecturesontheessenceofhumanismanddecorum,whichgaveWuzhouanameasHaiBinZouLu(海濱鄒魯),thecostalacademiccenter.InA.D.1297,thefirstyearoftheChengzongEmperor(成宗)ofYuanDynasty,WuzhouSaltFieldwasplantedontheislandandsuppliedsalttotheinlandofChina. ►JinmenchengAncientMingStreet ►StableMaster'sShrine ►Qionglin ►MansionHouse InthebeginningofMingDynasty,pirateswereplunderingalongthesoutheastcoastofChina.Atapivotallocation,Kinmentookonaparticularsignificanceasamilitarystrongholdagainstthemaraudingraiders.In1387(thetwentiethyearofHongwu[洪武]ReignofTaizuEmperor[太祖],MingDynasty),JiangxiaMarquis(江夏候)JhouDexing(周德興)builtfortressesanddefensestructuresontheisland,inordertoprotecttheresidents.Kinmen’sgeo-strategicadvantageobtaineditselfanameas“agoldenforcethatguardsatthegateofsouthernwaters,”whichistheliteraltranslationofthename“Kinmen”fromChinese(GoldenGate).ItsmilitaryimportancecontinuedthroughtheMingDynastyintotheQingDynasty.Cheng-gongZheng(鄭成功alsoknownasKoxinga)choseKinmenandXiamenIslandsasthebasesofhisplaninthe1640storeclaimthethroneofQingandre-establishMingRegimewhileanindependentNavalforceoftheQingEmpirelaterwasgarrisonedinKinmenafterthefailureofZheng.   ►Anapotropaiontowardoffevil TraditionalSettlement SincethemostimmigrantstoKinmenintheearlydayscamefromsouthernFujian,China-Zhangzhou(漳州)andQuanzhou(泉州),Kinmen’sarchitecturesandcustomsweresimilartotheirs.The40-yearmilitaryadministrationhinderedtheprogressofurbanizationinKinmen,whichhadaccidentallypreserveditsculturaltraits.Kinmennowenjoystherichculturalassetsfromitstraditions. Kinmen’sresidentialcommunnitywasbuiltoutofpracticalconcern.Atthebeginning,theimmigrantschieflyconsideredaneasywateraccessandawarmlocationfromthewind;therefore,themajorityofthevillageswerebuiltaslowerinthefrontandhigherattheback,facingthewaterandbackstothemountainorhills.Thehousesinthiscommunalclusterallhavethesamearrangement,facingtowardthesamedirection;theuniquepatternofsuchconformityislabeledinChineseas“CombsLayout”. Eachold-styleresidentialcommunityinKinmenhasitsownsocialandpublicorder,especiallysincethevillagersmostlyhavethesamefamilyname.Thereisamajorancestralshrinebuiltinthecenterofeachtraditionalcommunity;theminorshrine,incontrast,isthecenterofeachsectorofthevillage(jiatou(甲頭)inChinese).Thistraditionalhierarchyputsanemphasisonpatriarchalethics,withwhichthefamily-villagecanachieveasocialunity(asafamily).Throughritualsandactivities,family(social)valuesarecarriedovertothenextgeneration.SrineFestivalsareconductedbytherespectedeldersoftheclanineveryspringandautumn,prayingtoancestorsforblessingsontheoffspringandthedescendentstocome.Theseritualsserveastheoccasionsforcommunitygathering,andcultivatethekinshipoftheclan.Architecturally,theseshrineswerebuiltaccordingtothesouthernFujiantraditions.Theyareusuallyoftwocompartmentsandbiggerthanregularresidentialbuildings.Ontheridgeoftheroof,theresitsceramicdragonornaments(orlongyin[龍隱]inChinese)uprightasapeculiarsignifierofshrinearchitecture. ►CelebratingChenghuangLord’sBirthday Remarkably,religiousactivitiestakeplacewithaparticularlyhighfrequencyinKinmenowingtoharshlifeconditionsconfrontedbythelocals.Withsomanydifficultiesandwarfare-riddenland,theKinmenese,outofreverenceandneedofconsolation,turntospiritualityandaccentuatereligiouspractice.TheGrandRitualsofatemple,orzuojiao(作醮),ofeachvillageinparticularhasaneminentinfluenceonthelifestyleandrulesofconductoflocalresidents.AtannualGrandRituals,participantsmarchinprocessionaroundthevillageto“settlethefivecardinalpoints”.Interestingly,theritualdefinesnotonlytheareaprotectedbysupernaturalpowerbut,ultimately,theboundaryofavillage.Asopposedtosingle-family-namevillages,townscomposedofresidentsofdifferentsurnamesareusuallyconstitutednearseaportsandharbors,centersofcommerceandsettlementsofmilitaryanddefensivepurposes.Giventhediversityoffamilyorigins,villagers inmultiple-clantownsareabletoformaunitythroughattendingsametemples. Eleganttraditionalarchitecture Multi-clansusuallyresideinaharbor、flourishingbusinesstownormilitarydefensestronghold.Differentclansbecomeonelivingcommunitybyworshippingsamevillageshrines. Notgrandinscale,traditionalresidentialhousesinKinmenarefeaturedwiththree-sideandfour-sideenclosure.Basedonthisbasicstructure-heyuan(合院)inChinese,modificationsaremadeforspecificsitesandneeds.Thesesite-specificadaptationsatlengthcontributetouniquearchitecturalcharacteristicsexclusiveoftheregion.InthesameveinofSouthFujian tradition,architectureinKinmendemonstratesanoriginalbeautyofdecencyandtranquility,representingahighaestheticachievement. ►Four-sideenclosure ►Three-sideenclosure ►WoodSculpture ►Shanhou Alsoworthmentioningistheuseofconstructionmaterials.Bricks,tilesandstonesarewidelyemployedwhilewoodisnotuncommon.Intheolddays,amajorityofmaterialscamefromFujianProvince;inparticularQuanzhouwhitestoneandFuzhoucedar.Incontrast,granitefoundlocally,yellowandrougherintexture,arelowerinprice.Amongall,bricks,stonesandtilesareofpeculiarversatilityinmakingofmuralembellishment.Combineduseofthesematerialsenablesarichbodyofpatternssuchasplainordouzistonelaying(斗子砌),tripartite-materiallaying,andstone-inlayedbrickworks,manyofwhichevendepictmetaphoricalobjectsandimagessuchasgourdsanddoublehappiness.Supportingthediversityofmaterialsandpatternsaretechniquesinclusiveofbrickengraving,claysculpture,woodcarving,Kojipottery(交阯陶)andpainting.Particularly,eminentdecorativeelementscanbefoundonroofridgeandthefrieze,oretou(鵝頭),undertheswallowtailridge,speakingofanothercharacteristicofKinmen’sarchitecture. Apotropain ►QionglinWindLionGod ►BeishanWindLionGod ►ShanhouWindLionGod InKinmen,apotropaicitemsarecommonlyinstalledindailysurroundings.Thiscanbeexplainedasanimmediateresponsetoacombinedaguishofthelocalsagainstenvironmentalseverityandwar-relateddevastation.Themosteminenttypeoftalismanmaybethebeast-likestatue,what-calledWindLionGod,orfengshiye(風獅爺),whichareerectedaroundtheboarderofavillageoratmouthsofrivers.Theyarebelievedtoholdspecialpowerthatcanavertevilandbringgoodfortunestoinhabitantsofanentirevillage. Onthecontrary,talismansfoundinresidentialdwellingsalmostallhaveonemajorpurpose,thatis,towardoffwickedspirits.Accordingly,talismanicmirrorsarehunghighonthehousefront;ceramicgeneralfigures,censersandroostersstanduprightontheroof;inscribedstonesareinlaidontothewall--allinallonlytoensureameticuloussystemofsecurity.   ArchitecturewithablendingofChinesetraditionalstylewithforeignfashion Kinmenduringtheperiodbetweenmid-19thcenturyandthe1930sexperiencedalarge-scaleexpatriationamongtheyoungergeneration.YoungexpatriatestraveledthroughXiamenandfoundopportunitiesinSoutheastAsiancountriesandJapan.Typicallyworkingaslaborers,theywirepartoftheirincomebacktohelpbetterofflifeintheirremotehomeland.Alargeportionoftheirfinancialcontributionwenttoschoolconstruction,clanshrinesbuildingandrenovationoffamilyhouses.Therefore,architecturalprojectsrealizedonsuchoverseafundspeculiarlygainedaforeigninfluence,creatinganumberofarchitectureswithmuchexoticdesign.BuiltuponSouthernFukientraditions,housesconstructedduringtheheydayofemigrationnowbecomeoneofthemosteminentfeaturesofKinmen’slandscape. ►ShuitouDeyueTower BattlefieldMonuments    PastmilitaryconflictsinKinmen,theone-timefrontlineindefenseofthemainlandofTaiwanandPenghuArchipelago,leavetheIslandmuchevidenceofit.Defensivefacilitiesandafter-warmemorialsscatteredaroundtheislandvirtuallyturnedthesmalllandintoabattlefieldspace,silentlyspeakingofthepivotalroleitonceplayed;meanwhiletheynowserveasconvincingmonumentspowerfullypleadingworldpeacefulness.   ►BeishanOldWesternStyleHouse ►GuningtouBattleMuseum TheGuningtouBattle Kinmen,anarcadianislandisolatedinthemiddleofthesea,wasturnedintoafrontlinejustovernight.AfterdefeatingXiamenonOctober17th,1949,militaryforceoftheCommunistChina soontargetedKinmenIsland,wheretheNationalistshavesetupgarrisonsunderthecommandofGeneralTangEn-bo(湯恩伯),astheimmediatesubjectofconquest,aconvenientmiddleplacefortheultimatevanquishingofTaiwanandPenhu.OnOctober25thofthesameyeartheCommunistarmystruckKinmenfromtheshoreofGuningtou.Althoughtheconflictlastedonly56hours,lessthanthreedays,thedamagewasastonishingbig.Liveslostandlandscaperavaged.Amongall,theBeishanOldWesternStyleHouseinGuningtou,theheartofthefight,documentedthedevastationinitsruinedstructureandtracesofclash.Itnowbecomesthebestwitnessofthebattleduringthetime,whichturnedtheentireIslandofKinmenintoadefensivesiteinthefollowingdecades,ensuringthesecurityanddevelopmentofTaiwan.   TheAugust23rd ArtilleryBattle IntheaftermathofWorldWarIItheformerSovietUnion-ledCommunistInternationalshowedastrongambitiontocommunizetheworld.Toobstructsuchanaim,theUnitedStatesjoinedanumberofWestPacificcountries,signingagreementstoformadefenselineonthePacificOcean.In1954,Sino-AmericanMutualDefenseTreatywassignedbetweentheUSandTaiwan.Fromthenon,theUSbecameanofficialmilitarysupportofTaiwaninassuranceofitssafety,whichwasparticularlyjeopardizedafterKoreanWarendedin1953fortheCommunistChinafocusedexclusivelyontheTaiwanissueatthetime.Interestingly,theTreatyof1954specifiedonlyTaiwanandPescadoresasitssubjectsofprotection,leavingtheactualfrontlineKinmenandMatsudefenseless.However,Chinarecognizedthestrategicimportanceofthetwoislandsandhadlongtriedtoputthemunderitssovereignty.WithoutthepromisingsupportindefendingtheouterislandsofTaiwanonlymadeKinmenmorevulnerabletopotentialmilitaryactofChina.Finallyintheyearof1958,whileaformationofajointmilitaryforceofBritishandUSarrivedinLebanoninresponsetoAnti-WesternCampaignofArabicLeagueintheMiddleEast,whichwasenticedbytheSovietUnion,thePRCcommunistscreatedstraitcrisisbyinitiatedlargescaleartillery,whichwasadecisionmadebyitsleadershiptostabilizethewidespreaddiscontentfromthepublicraisedbyMao’srevolutionaryGreatLeapForwardfromthepublic.Underthepremise,itwasthereforebelievedacrisisinTaiwanareawouldmakeasuccessfuldistractiontoshatteraconcentratedmilitarysupportfromtheUS.OnAugust23rd,1958,suchatacticwasrealized,ChinacommunistsstartedshellingKinmenfor44days,whichwaslatercalledtheAugust23rd ArtilleryBattle.Inthisbombardment,ChinaaimednotonlytodestroymilitarybasesinKinmen,buttoparalyzetheIslandbycuttingoffsuppliesfromTaiwanbybothairandsea.Seeingadifficultyinmeetingthisgoal,Chinachangeditsstrategytodestabilizetheislandforthefollowingtwodecadesbycontinuingarbitrarilyshellingoneveryoddnumberedday.Thebombardmentcametoendin1979inaccordancewiththeterminationofUS-Taiwanrelationship,summingupapproximatelyamillionbombsintotaldroppedonthelandofKinmen. ►August23rdArtilleryBattleMuseum Anundergroundworldandfortressonthesea ►QingtiantingHall TheremoteKinmenIslandwasatadisadvantageinmilitaryconflicts.Luckily,itsupliftstructurecomposedofacompositionofgraniteandgranitegneissenablesundergroundconstruction.Startingfrom1956,militarystationsandpostswerefirstlaidoutbeneaththeground,markingthebeginningoftheestablishmentofasubterraneanworld.Sincethen,militaryfacilitieswereprogressivelymovedbelowgroundthroughouttheentireperiodoftheodd-datedbombarding.Canalswerebuiltin1963inZhaishan(翟山)andJiugong(九宮)tofacilitatesealiftsupply.QingtianHall(擎天廳)wassubsequentlyconstructedin1962,followedbytheaccomplishmentoftheGraniteHospitalandtheReceptionHall,atunnelhotel,in1978.Localresidentswerebusyinconstructingairdefensebasementinorneartheirhouses.From1976onwards,aseriesofprojectswereaimedtobringamajorityofvillagefacilitiesunderground,suchasthoseinQionglinandJincheng. FromabattlefieldofNationalist-CommunistconflictstoapoliticalarenaduringColdWarandanisolatedmilitaryoutpost,Kinmenhasitssignificanceinthemodernhistory.Asflamesofwarhavefadedwithtime,whatwasleftbehind,however,aresitesandtracesofthepast,utteringtheshatteredoldtimesandmomeriesofhistoricevents. ►ZhaishanTunnel ►ChenggongFortress ►Brokenglasscoveredoverahillasadefensefacility ►spinyplantsalsoasadefensefacility   ::: News News AboutThePark AboutThePark RecreationInformation ThemeTour SightseeingRoutes TourismInformation VisitingInformation LocalSpecialties Traffic&GuestHouse Attractions Multimedia Wallpapers E-book Video AdministrativeServices FAQ MoreLinks ContentUs TodayVisitors：514   TotalVisitors：3,264,971   Update：2022-05-02 SecurityandPrivacyPolicy KinmenNationalPark No.460,Sec.2,BoyuRd.,JinningShiang,Kinmen,Taiwan892010,R.O.C. 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