PHYTOSOMES : A PROMISING TECHNOLOGY IN NOVEL ...

Disadvantages: Although Phytosome having so many advantages but instead of that this technology has some disadvantages like rapidly elimination ... x x Skiptomaincontent Breadcrumb Home  /  Articles  /  PHYTOSOMES:APROMISINGTECHNOLOGYINNOVELHERBALDRUGDELIVERYSYSTEM 27May2019/0Comments PHYTOSOMES:APROMISINGTECHNOLOGYINNOVELHERBALDRUGDELIVERYSYSTEM         {DOWNLOADASPDF} ABOUTAUTHORS V.Anitha*,Dr.PDwarakanadhaReddy,Dr.SRamkanth DepartmentofPharmaceutics,AnnamacharyaCollegeofPharmacy,Rajampet, AndhraPradesh,India-516126 ABSTRACT:  Herbalmedicineisanessentialpartofthehealthcaresystemallovertheworld.However,someofthebioactiveprincipleshavepoorbioavailabilityandlessabsorptioningastrointestinaltractduetolongsidechainsintheirstructureandhighpolarity.Thechallengeforherbalmedicinepracticenorsistoenhancethebioavailabilityofthesebioactiveprinciples.Withtheadvancesintechnology,anovelherbdrugdeliverysystemcalledphytosomeimproveabsorptionandbioavailabilityofbioactiveprinciplesandgainedasubstantialimportanceinhealthcaresystem.Thepresentreviewhighlightsthemethodofpreparation,properties,advantages,characterization,andapplicationsofphytosomes. ReferenceId:PHARMATUTOR-ART-2669 PharmaTutor(Print-ISSN:2394-6679;e-ISSN:2347-7881) Volume7,Issue06 ReceivedOn:23/05/2019;AcceptedOn:27/05/2019;PublishedOn:01/06/2019 Howtocitethisarticle:V,A.,Reddy,P.D.andS,R.2019.Phytosomes:aPromisingTechnologyinNovelHerbalDrugDeliverySystem.PharmaTutor.7,6(Jun.2019),18-25 INTRODUCTION: Theuseofherbalmedicinesandphytonutrientsornutraceuticalscontinuestoexpandrapidlyacrosstheworldwithmanypeoplenowresortingtotheseproductsfortreatmentofvarioushealthchallengesindifferentnationalhealthcaresettings(WHO,2004).Althoughtherapiesinvolvingtheseagentshaveshownpromisingpotentialwiththeefficacyofagoodnumberofherbalproductsclearlyestablished,manyofthemspeciallypolyphenolsshowspoorbioavailabilitywhichisachallengeforhealthcarepracticenors.(Awasthi,Kulkarni,andPawar,2011). Noveldrugdeliverysystemisanovelapproachtodrugdeliverythataddressesthelimitationsofthetraditionaldrugdeliverysystems.Overthepastcentury,phytochemicalandphyto-pharmacologicalsciencesestablishedthecompositions,biologicalactivitiesandhealthpromotingofnumerousbotanicalproducts(BhattacharyaSandGhoshA,2008).Phytosomesaresaidtobecontainingnaturalherbalformulations.Mostoftheplantsarehavingmedicinalpropertiesduetothepresenceofmanyactiveconstituentswhicharemainlythesecondarymetaboliteslikeflavonoids,terpenoids,tannins,glycosidesandalkaloids.Theactiveconstituentspresentintheplantsaremostlyhydrophilicinnature.Toxicityandabsorptionproblemlimittheuseoftheseconstituents.Apartfromtheherbalextractsaredestroyedbythedigestivesecretionsandgutbacteria(BhattacharyaS,2009).Extensiveresearchershavebeenconductedforsuccessfuldeliveryoftheseplantderivedproductssincethelastcentury. PhytosomesisnewlyintroducedpatentedtechnologiesbyIndenatodevelopedandincorporatethestandardizedplantextracts(ArijitGandhietal.,2012).Theterm“phyto”meansplant“some”meanscelllike(PawarHAandBhangaleBD,2015).Itisalsocalledasherbosomes.Water–solublephytoconstituentmoleculescanbeconvertedintolipidcompatiblemolecularcomplexes,whicharecalledPhytosomes(AnkurChoubey,2011).Phytosomeshaveimprovedpharmacokineticandpharmacologicalparameter.Phytosomesaremorebioavailableascomparedtosimpleherbalextractsowingtotheirenhancedcapacitytocrossthelipidrichbiomembranesandfinallyreachingtheblood(Zahidetal.,2018).Thelipid–phasesubstancesemployedtomakephytoconstituents,lipid–compatiblearephospholipidsfromsoy,mainlyphosphotidylcholine{PC}(RaviGS,2015). Phytosomeshasbeenapromisingtechnologyindeliveryofherbaldrugandnutraceuticals.ThephytosomesprocesshasbeenappliedtomanypopularherbalextractsincludingGinkoBiloba,Grapeseed,Hawthorn,Milkthistle,GreenteaandGinseng(Sainietal.,2013). MethodofPreparation Phytosomesarepreparedbydifferentmethodsbyinteracting3-2molesnaturalorsyntheticphospholipid,mainlyphosphotidylcholinewithonemoleofphytoconstituents(Sahaetal.,2013).Themostpreferableratioforcomplexesformationbetweenthesetwomoietiesisintherangefrom0.5to2.0moles.(PawarHAandBhangaleBD,2015) Solventevaporationmethod Theparticularquantityofdrug,polymerandphospholipidscanbetakenintoasphericalbottomflaskandrefluxwithspecificsolventatatemperature50-60ºcfor2hr.Themixturemaybeconcentratedto5–10mltogettheprecipitatewhichcanbefilteredandcollected.Thedriedprecipitatephytosomeloadedcanbeplacedinambercoloredglassbottleandstoredatroomtemperature.(Mazumderetal.,2016) Rotaryevaporationtechnique Thespecificamountofdrugandsoyalecithinweredissolvedin30mloftetrahydrofuraninarotaryroundbottomflaskfollowedbystirringfor3hoursatatemperaturenotexceeding40oC.(Awasthietal.,2011).Thinfilmofthesamplewasobtainedtowhichn-hexanewasaddedandcontinuouslystirredusingamagneticstirrer.Theprecipitateobtainedwascollected,placedinambercoloredglassbottleandstoredatroomtemperature. Antisolventprecipitationtechnique Thespecificamountofdrugandsoyalecithinweretakenintoa100mlroundbottomflaskandrefluxedwith20mlofdichloromethaneatatemperaturenotexceeding60oCfor2h.Themixtureisconcentratedto5-10ml.Hexane(20ml)wasaddedcarefullywithcontinuousstirringtogettheprecipitatewhichwasfilteredandcollectedandstoredinvacuumdesiccatorsovernight.Thedriedprecipitateiscrushedinmortarandsievedthrough#100meshes.Powderedcomplexwasplacedinambercoloredglassbottleandstoredatroomtemperature.(Janetal.,2013) Saltingoutmethod Thephytoconstituentorstandardizedextractandphosphotidylcholineisdissolvedinanaproticsolvent,suchasdioxaneoracetonewherethesolutionisbeingstirredovernightthentheformedcomplexisisolatedfrombyprecipitationfromnon-solventliken-hexane(YanyuXetal.,2006). Lyophilizationtechnique Bothnaturalorsyntheticphospholipidandphytoconstituentisdissolvedindifferentsolventandfurthersolutioncontainingphytoconstituentwereaddedtoasolutioncontainingphospholipidfollowedbystirringtillcomplexformationtakesplace.Theformedcomplexisisolatedbylyophilization(MascarellaS,1993). Thephospholipidwhichareusedinpreparationofphytosomeconsistofacylgroupwhichmaybesameordifferentinphosphatidylcholine,phosphatidylserine,phosphatidylethanolamineandmostlyderivedfrompalmitic,stearic,oleic,andlinoleicacid(MaitiKetal.,2007).Inphytosomeactiveprinciplebecomesanintegralpartofthemembraneastheactiveprincipleisanchoredtothepolarheadofphospholipid(JainNetal.,2008). MechanicalDispersionmethod Inthismethod,thelipidsdissolvedinorganicsolventarebroughtincontactwithaqueousphasecontainingthedrug(SikarwarMSetal.,2008).Initially,pcisdissolvedindiethyletherwhichislaterslowlyinjectedtoanaqueoussolutionofthephytoconstituentstobeencapsulated.Thesubsequentremovaloftheorganicsolventunderreducedpressureleadstotheformationofphyto-phospholipidcomplex.Novelmethodsforthephospholipidcomplexpreparationincludessupercriticalfluids(SCF),whichincludegasanti-solventtechnique(GAS)compressedantisolventprocess(PCA),supercriticalantisolventmethod(SAS)(LiYetal.,2008). DifferentadditivesusedintheformulationsofPhytosomes:(Naiketal.,2008) Phospholipids:Soyaphosphatidylcholine,Eggphosphatidylcholine,Dipalmitylphosphatidylcholine,Distearylphosphatidylcholine. Aproticsolvent:Dioxane,acetone,methylenechloride Nonsolvent: n-hexaneandnon-solventi.e.aliphatichydrocarbon Alcohol:Ethanol,Methanol Characterizationandevaluationofphytosomes: Characterizationtechniques:(AnilaSuryakantKaduandMadhaviApte2017) Visualization Transmissionelectronmicroscopyandscanningelectronmicroscopyareusedforvisualizationofphytosomes. Transitiontemperature Differentialscanningcalorimetryisusedtodeterminetransitontemperatureofvesicularlipidsystem. Surfacetensionmeasurement SurfacetensionactivitycanbemeasuredbyringmethodinaDuNouyringtensiometerofthedruginaqueoussolution. Vesiclestability Assessingthesizeandthestructureofvesiclesovertimegivestheideaaboutstabilityofvesicles.StructuralchangesaremonitoredbyTEMandmeansizeismeasuredbyDLS. Scanningelectronmicroscopy(SEM) Scanningelectronmicroscopyhasbeenusedtodetermineparticlesizedistributionandsurfacemorphologyofthecomplexes.SampleswerestudiedusingJEOLJSM-6360Scanningmicroscope(Japan).Drysampleswereplacedonanelectronmicroscopebrassstubandcoatedwithgoldinanionsputter.Digitalimagesofphytosomecomplexoflawsoneweretakenbyrandomscanningofthestubat1000,5000,10000and30000Xmagnifications. Entrapmentefficiency Theentrapmentefficiencyofaphytosomalformulationcanbedeterminedbysubjectingtheformulationtoultracentrifugationtechnique. EvaluationofPhytosomes:(AnilaSuryakantKaduandMadhaviApte2017) Spectroscopicevaluationstoconfirmtheformationofacomplexortostudythereciprocalinteractionbetweenthephyto-constituentandthephospholipids,thefollowingspectroscopicmethodsareused. 1H-NMR:BombardellietalstudiedtheNMRspectraof(+)-catechinanditsstoichiometriccomplexwithdistearoylphosphatidylcholine.Innonpolarsolvents,thereisamarkedchangeofthe1H-NMRsignaloriginatingfromtheatomsinvolvedintheformationofthecomplex,withoutanysummationofthesignalpeculiartotheindividualmolecules.Thesignalsfromtheprotonsbelongingtotheflavonoidsaretobebroadenedthattheprotoncannotberelieved.Inphospholipids,thereisbroadeningofallthesignalswhilethesingletcorrespondingtotheN-(CH3)3ofcholineundergoanupliftshift.Heatingthesampleto60˚resultsintheappearanceofsomenewbroadbands,whichcorrespondmainlytotheresonanceoftheflavonoidmoiety. 13C-NMR:Inthespectrumof(+)-catechinanditsstoichiometriccomplexwithdistearoylphosphatidylcholine,particularlywhenrecordedinC6D6atroomtemperature,alltheflavonoidcarbonsareclearlyinvisible.Thesignalscorrespondingtotheglycerolandcholineportionofthelipid(between60–80ppm)arebroadenedandsomeareshifted,whilemostoftheresonancesofthefattyacidchainsretaintheiroriginalsharplineshape.Afterheatingto60˚,allthesignalsbelongingtotheflavonoidmoietiesreappear,althoughtheyarestillverybroadandpartiallyoverlapping. FTIR:TheformationofthecomplexcanbealsobeconfirmedbyIRspectroscopybycomparingthespectrumofthecomplexwiththespectrumoftheindividualcomponentsandtheirmechanicalmixtures.FTIRspectroscopyisalsoausefultoolforthecontrolofthestabilityofphytosomeswhenmicro-dispersedinwaterorwhenincorporatedinverysimplecosmeticgels.Fromapracticalpointofview,thestabilitycanbeconfirmedbycomparingthespectrumofthecomplexinsolidform(phytosomes)withthespectrumofitsmicro-dispersioninwaterafterlyophilization,atdifferenttimes.Inthecaseofsimpleformulations,itisnecessarytosubtractthespectrumoftheexcipients(blank)fromthespectrumofthecosmeticformatdifferenttimes,comparingtheremainingspectrumofthecomplexitself. Invitro–Invivoevaluations Modelsofin-vitroandin-vivoevaluationsareselectedonthebasisoftheexpectedtherapeuticactivityofbiologicallyactivephytoconstituentspresentinthephytosome.Forexample,in-vitroanti-hepatotoxicactivitycanbeassessedbytheantioxidantandfreeradicalscavengingactivityofphytosome.(Sainietal.,2013) Forassessinginvivoanti-hepatotoxicactivity,theeffectofpreparedphytosomesonanimalsagainstthioacetamide,paracetamoloralcoholinducedhepatotoxicitycanbeexamined.Skinsensitizationandtolerabilitystudiesofglycyrrhetinicacidphytosomeointment,acommercialproduct,describethein-vivosafetyevaluationmethodology.(BuiThanhTungetal.,2017) NOWYOUCANALSOPUBLISHYOURARTICLEONLINE. SUBMITYOURARTICLE/[email protected] SubscribetoPharmatutorAlertsbyEmail FINDOUTMOREARTICLESATOURDATABASE Applicationsofphytosometechnologyandcommerciallyavailableproductsbasedonphytosometechnology Milkthistle(Silybummarianum) MuchofthestudieshavebeenconductedontheapplicationofphytosometechnologytoSilybummarianum(milkthistle)whichcontainsflavonoids,aliver-protectantphytoconstituent.Milkthistlehasshownpositiveeffectsintreatingvariouskindsofdiseases(hepatitis,cirrhosis,fattyinfilterationoftheliver,etc.) S.marianumhasastrongantioxidantactivitywhichbooststheresistanceofliveragainsttoxicconstituents(Valenzuelaetal.,1989).ThethreeflavonoidswhicharepresentinS.marianumincludesilybin,silydianinandsilychristinwithsilybinpredominatingfollowedbysilydianinandsilychristin.Silybinisthemostpotentofthethreeandisactuallyaflavonolignan(Hikinoetal.,1984).Silybinconservesglutathioneinparenchymalcells(Valenzuelaetal.,1989)andthusprotectslivercellswhileasPChelpsrepairandreplacecellmembranes(Kidd,1996).ItisclearthatsilybinhasabetterhepatoprotectiveeffectwhichislimitedbyitspoorbioavailabilitywhichcanbeovercomebyproducingaSilybinphytosome(NileshJainetal.,2010). Greentea Greenteaisastrongantioxidant.AccordingtoaresearchfromUniversityofKansas,theantioxidantpotentialofgreenteais100timesgreaterthanvitaminC,25timesgreaterthanvitaminEandtwiceasstrongasresveratol(CNN-AmericanChemicalSociety).AphytosomeproductwiththecommercialnameGreenSelect®phytosomeisavailableinthemarket.Itcontainsatotallystandardizedpoyphenolicfraction(containingnotlessthan66.5%andismainlycharacterizedbythepresenceofepigallocatechinanditsderivatives.Francescoetal.,2009conductedaresearchinwhichfiftysubjectswerefedwithgreenteaextractplushypocaloricdietwhileotherfiftysubjectswerefedonlywithhypocaloricdiet.After90daysoftreatment,asignificantweightlossanddecreasedbodymassindex(BMI)wasobservedinthehumansubjectsfedwithbothgreenteaextractsandhypocaloricdietthanthehumansubjectsfedwithonlyhypocaloricdiet.Fromthestudy,itwasalsoobservedthatwaistlineinmalesubjectsonly(Nileshetal.,2010). Hesperetin Anovelhesperetinwasdevelopedby(Mukherjeeetal.,2008)bycombiningandcomplexinghesperetinwithhydrogenatedphosphatidylcholine.Mukherjeeetal.(2008)alsostudieditsantioxidantactivityandpharmacokineticstudiesinCC14intoxicatedratsalong.Theresultsofthestudyshowedthephytosomehasshownhighantioxidantactivity.Pharmacokineticstudieshaverevealedtheimprovedbioavailabilityofphytosomesthantheparentmoleculeatthesamedosage. Quercetin ThecommerciallyavailablequercetinphytosomeisMeriva®(500mg)60VC.TheconstituentspresentinCurcumin(curcumin,demethoxycurcumin,bisdemethoxycurcumin)arepoorlyabsorbedwhentakenorallywhichcouldbeovercomebyphytosometechnology.InMeriva®,eachcurcuminoidmoleculeisindividuallycomplexedwithmoleculesofthevitalcellmembranenutrientphosphatidylcholine(PC).Thisresultsinbetterandfasterentryofcurcuminmoleculesintothecellsandimprovingbeneficialeffectssuchas:itprotectsagainstprematuremolecularbreakdown,promoteshealthyfunctioningofjointsandotherorgans.Curcuminshelpinprotectingcellmembraneduetoitshighantioxidantactivity.Curcuminhelpstopreventthefreeradicaldamageonthecellmembrane,DNAandgenes(SoniandKuttan,1992).Membranesarepronetooxidativedamagebutcurcuminactsasaguardtoprotectthemfromlipidperoxidation(Barryetal.,2009) Ginkgo(Ginkgobiloba) Itcontains24%ofginkgoflavonoidsfromGinkgobiloba.Itprotectsbrainandvascularliningsandhasananti-skinageing(Rajendra,2011).Accordingtosomeresults,ginkgophytosomeproducedbetterresultsascomparedtoconventionalstandardizedGinkgobilobaextract(GBE)containing24%ginkgoflavonesglycosideand6%terpenelactones(Bhattacharya,2009).Astudywasconductedon15healthyhumanvolunteersinwhichthebioavailabilityofginkgophytosomehasbeencomparedwithGBE.VolunteersweredividedintotwogroupsandwereadministeredrespectivelywithGinkgoselct®andGinkgoselect®phytosome.Thesubjectsswitchedformulationsafteraweekofwashout.Bloodsamplesweretakenfromeachhumansubjectat30,60,120,180,240,300and400minuteafteringestion.Detectionofterpeneslactoneswasperformedbyliquidchromatography/atmosphericpressurechemicalionizationmassspectrometry(LC/APCI-ITMS).ItwasfoundfromtheresultsthatGinkgolidesA,Bandbilobalidewereabsorbedtoahigherextent(aboutthreetimesafteradministrationofGinkgoselect®phytosome Olive(Oleaeuropaea)oil Acommerciallyavailablephytosome-OleaselectTMPHYTOSOMEisavailableinthemarketbasedonoliveoilpolyphenols(PandeyandPatel,2010).Itisastrongantioxidant,anti-inflammatoryandanti-hyperlipidemic(Rajendra,2011).ItinhibitstheoxidationofLDLcholesterolandiscardioprotective. Bilberry  Acommerciallyavailablephytosomebasedonbilberryisavailableinmarketwithtradename-Mirtoselect®PHYTOSOME.Itcontainsanextractofbilberrywhichisasourceofanthocyanosides.Theseimprovethepermeabilityofbloodvesselsarestrongantioxidants(PandeyandPatel,2010). Grape(Vitisvinifera) Leucoselect®PHYTOSOMEisaphytosomepreparationbasedongrapeanthocyanidins.Grapeseedphytosomeiscomposedofpolyphenolscomplexedwithphospholipids.Ithasastrongantioxidantactivityandiscardioprotective(Nileshetal.,2010). Advantagesanddisadvantagesofphytosometechnology Advantagesofphytosometechnology:(AnilaSuryakantKaduandMadhaviApte2017,Zahidetal.,2018) Thephytosometechnologyhasrevolutionizedthenutraceuticalindustrybyservingthefollowingbenefits. 1.Phosphatidylcholine,oneofthecomponentsofphytosome,hasadualfunctionthatitactsacarrieraswellashasahealthbenefitsuchhepatoprotectiveeffect. 2.Thecompositionofphytosomeissafeandthecomponentsareapprovedforpharmaceuticaluse. 3.Theabsorptionandbioavailabilityofwatersolublephytoconstituentsisincreased.Thisresultsinbettertherapeuticeffects. 4.Theycanbeusedforsystematictargetingasphytosomesareabletotransitfromhydrophilicenvironmentintolipophilicenvironmentofenterocytecellandfromthereintocell. 5.Asabsorptionofchiefphytoconstituentsisimproved,doserequirementisreduced. 6.UnlikeLiposomes,chemicalbondsareformedbetweenphosphotidylcholineandphytoconstituent,sophytosomesshowbetterstabilityprofile. 7.Thenutrientsafetyoftheherbalextractsneednotbecompromisedbyconveyingtheherbaldrugasmeansofphytosomes. 8.Doserequirementhasbeenreducedduetothemaximumabsorptionofchiefconstituents. 9.Markedenhancementinthebioavailabilityofdrugoccurs. 10.Entrapmentefficiencyishighandmoreoverpredeterminedbecausedrugitselfisinconjugationwithlipidsinformingvesicles. 11.Thereisnoproblemindrugentrapmentwhileformulatingphytosomes. 12.Phytosomesshowsbetterstabilityprofileduetotheformationofchemicalbondsbetweenphosphatidylcholinemoleculesandthephytoconstituents. 13.Phosphatidylcholineusedinformulatingphytosomeprocessbesidesactingasacarrieralsonourishestheskinasitisanessentialpartofacellmembrane. 14.Phytosomesarealsosuperiortoliposomesinskincareproducts. 15.Theformulationandcomponentsusedforthesynthesisofphytosomesareharmlessandthereforefitforcommercialuse.Moreover,thistechnologyhasalowriskprofile;thetoxicologyevaluationsofthevariouscomponentshavebeenwelldocumented. 16.Phytosomesareparticularlyhelpfulinmaintainingliverfunctioningandupkeep.Inadditiontoincreasingthebioavailabilityofflavonoidsusedtoensureproperliverfunction,phosphatidylcholineexhibitsprotectiveabilitieswhichfurtherhelpsensureahealthyliver. 17.Phytosomespresentacosteffectivemeansofadministeringskinprotectivephytoconstituentsinbothanormalandstressfulenvironment.Onceagain,phosphatidylcholinehelpscarefortheskinbyprovidingnourishment.Phytosomesalsohelpincreasethedistributionofphytoconstituentsmadeviadermalandtransdermalroutes.Zaverietal.,2011conductedastudycomparingthepermeationofcurcuminandcurcuminphytosomeandreportedthatthecurcuminphytosomehada60%betterpermeation. 18.Phytosometechnologyispassive,non-invasive,providesincreasedbioavailabilityandismarket-ready. 19.Theobstacleofdrugentrapmentdoesnotariseduringtheformulationprocess. 20.Phytosomespresentameansofdeliveringawiderangeoftherapeuticcompoundsinadditiontobeingamorestableoptionduetothechemicalbondingbetweenthephospholipidandthetherapeuticscompounds. 21.Asaresultoftheincreasedbioavailabilityandabsorptionofthephytoconstituentandsustainedreleasepatternofthephytosome,theeffectivedosecouldpotentiallybereduced,i.e.thephytoconstituentcouldbeadministeredinasmallerquantitybutstillbeabletoattainthedesireresult. 22.Thesynthesisofphytosomesinvolvesafairlysimplisticprocessandthereforepresentsnoimmensetechnicalormonetaryinvestments. 23.Phytosomescaneffectivelyandefficientlypassfromahydrophilicenvironmenttoahydrophobicone(enterocytemembrane)andfurthermoretothecell.Theycanthereforebeusedforsystemictargeting. 24.Nutritionalvalueoftheplantextractisincreasedduetothepresenceofphospholipids. 25.ThemethodofpreparationofPhytosomeisrelativelysimple. 26.Phytosomecanpermeateeasilythroughskin. 27.Thewatersolublephytoconstituentscanbeprotectedfromdestructionbydigestiveenzymeandgutbacteriabecauseofphospholipidlayer. 28.Phytosome,isalsoagoodoptionforsystematictargeting.    29.Ithasnolarge-scaledrugdevelopmentriskthesincethetoxicologicalprofileofphytosomalcomponentiswelldocumentedinscientificliterature. 30.Itissimpletomanufacture,withnocomplicatedtechnicalinvestmentforproductionofphytosome. Disadvantages: AlthoughPhytosomehavingsomanyadvantagesbutinsteadofthatthistechnologyhassomedisadvantageslikerapidlyeliminationofphytoconstituentsfromthePhytosome(Mateusetal.,2019). CONCLUSION: Phytosomeisaninnovativeformofformulationforherbalextractwhichshowsbetterabsorptionthanconventionalherbalextract.Thepoorbioavailabilityandabsorptionofwatersolublephytoconstituentwhichcouldbeovercomebyphytosometechnologyasitprovidesoptimumdeliveryofactivephytoconstituent.Theabsorptionofphytosomethroughskinandgastrointestinaltractisincreasedduetoimprovedlipidsolubility,whichenablethemtocrossbiologicalmembrane,resultinginenhancedbioavailability.Itrequireslessdosesthanconventionalherbalextractduetoincreasedbioavailability.Manyareasofphytosomearetoberevealedinfutureintheprospectofpharmaceuticalapplication.Phytosometechnologyistheadvanceformofherbalextractorphytochemicalsdeliverythatpossessabetterabsorptionof drugandmoretherapeuticeffectascomparedtoconventionalherbaldrugdeliverysystem.Phytosomeservesasabridgebetweenconventionaldrugdeliverysystemandnoveldrugdeliverysystemwithanimprovedpharmacokineticandpharmacologicaleffectwhichisusefulinthetreatmentofvariousdiseases. 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