Symptoms of lymphoma

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Swollen lymph nodes in the chest are quite common in Hodgkin lymphoma and some types of high-grade non-Hodgkin lymphoma. However, any type of lymphoma can cause ... Skiptocontent Donate Callourhelpline Home Aboutlymphoma Expanddropdown COVID-19andlymphoma Whatislymphoma? 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Swollenlymphnodes Themostcommonsignoflymphomaisalumporlumps,usuallyintheneck,armpitorgroin.Theselumpsareswollenlymphnodes,sometimesknownas‘glands’.Usually,they’repainless. Fatigue  Fatigueisdifferenttonormaltiredness.Itmeansfeelingexhaustedfornoobviousreasonorfeelingwashedoutafterdoingverylittle. Unexplainedweightloss Losingalotofweightquitequicklywithouttryingtocanbeasymptomoflymphoma. Infections  Gettinginfectionsmoreeasilyandhavingdifficultygettingridofthemcanbeasymptomoflymphoma. Sweats Sweatscanhappenatanytimeofthedaywithlymphoma,buttheyaremostcommonatnight.Theyareoftendescribedas‘drenching’andcanmakeyournightclothesorbedsheetssoakingwet. Itching  Itching(‘pruritus’)withoutarashcanbeasymptomoflymphoma.Itcanbeveryuncomfortable,particularlywhenyougethot. Fever Somepeoplegetfevers(temperaturesabove38°Cor100.4°F).Feversoftencometogetherwithnightsweatsandweightloss,buttheycanhappenseparately.Theycanalsobeasignofinfection. WatchDrAndrewDavies,ConsultantinMedicalOncology,talkaboutthemostcommonsymptomsoflymphoma Backtotop Bsymptoms Youmightheartheterm‘Bsymptoms’.Thismeansthatyouhave: unexplainedweightloss nightsweats fever. Doctorsoftenusetheseduringstaging(workingouthowmanydifferentpartsofyourbodyareaffectedbylymphoma).Bsymptomsaremorecommonwithsometypesoflymphomathanothers. DoctorswilltakeaccountofwhetheryouhaveanyBsymptomswhentheyplanyourtreatment. Backtotop ‘Local’and‘systemic’symptoms Symptomsoflymphomacanbe: local,whichmeansthattheyaffectjustoneareaofyourbody systemic,whichmeansthattheyaffectthewholeofyourbody. Localsymptoms Localsymptomsaffecttheareainandaroundthelymphomaitself. Themostcommonlocalsymptomisaswollenlymphnodeornodes.Otherlocalsymptomsarecausedbyswollennodespressingonnearbytissues.Thesymptomsyouhavedependonwheretheswollenlymphnodesare.Youmighthave: chestsymptoms,suchasacough,breathlessnessorafeelingofpressureonyourchest tummy(abdominal)symptoms,suchaslossofappetite,feelingfullorbloated skinsymptoms,suchasarashoritching swellinginyourarmsorlegs. Lesscommonsymptomsinclude: pain symptomsthataffectthebrainandnerves,suchasfits(seizures),dizzinessorweaknessinanarmorleg. Systemicsymptoms Systemicsymptomsaffectyourwholebody.Theycaninclude: weightloss fever nightsweats fatigue itching frequentinfections shortnessofbreath. SystemicsymptomsaremorecommonwithHodgkinlymphomaandhigh-gradenon-Hodgkinlymphoma.Theyarelesscommoninpeoplewithlow-gradenon-Hodgkinlymphoma.  Backtotop Swollenlymphnodes Lymphnodeshelptofightinfection.Theycanbecomeswollenforlotsofreasons(forexample,havinganinfectionsuchasacold),evenwhenthey’reworkingastheyshould. Aswollenlymphnodeornodesisthemostcommonsymptomoflymphoma.However,therearemanyotherpossiblecausesofswollenlymphnodes.Mostpeoplewhohaveswollenlymphnodesdonothavelymphoma.Also,acystorharmlessfattygrowthcansometimeslookabitlikeaswollenlymphnode.  Ifyounoticealumpthatdoesn’tgoawaywithin2to3weeks,oryoufindthatalumpisgettingbigger,seeyourGP. Itisn’tpossibletotellifsomeonehaslymphomajustbyfeelingalymphnode.However,yourGPcanexamineyoutocheckwhethertheyshouldreferyouforfurthertestsandscans. Lymphnodesintheneck,armpitorgroinareclosetothesurfaceoftheskinandareeasytoseeandfeel.Othersthataredeepinsidethechestortummy(abdomen),can’tbefeltfromtheoutside.Theymightonlybefoundonascan.Theycancausepainiftheyswellandpressontissuesinsideyourbody.  Swollenlymphnodescausedbylymphoma: aremostcommonlyfoundintheneck,armpitorgroin areusuallysmoothandround usuallymoveoutofthewaywhenyoupressonthem(are‘mobile’) havea‘rubbery’texture areusuallypainless–althoughtheycansometimesacheorcausepaininnearbyareas(forexample,ifthey’repressingonanerve) canbecomeverylarge. Rarely,swollenlymphnodescanbecomepainfulsoonafterdrinkingalcohol.Thisaffectsupto5in100peoplewithHodgkinlymphoma. Wheremightlymphomacauseswollenlymphnodes? Swollenlymphnodesmightbeinjustoneareaofyourbody.Thiscanhappenwithanytypeoflymphoma.  Youmighthaveswollenlymphnodesspreadthroughoutyourbody(‘generalisedlymphadenopathy’),whichismorecommoninnon-HodgkinlymphomathanHodgkinlymphoma. Whydoeslymphomacauseswollenlymphnodes? Swollenlymphnodesinlymphomaarecausedbyabuild-upofcancerouscellsinthelymphnodes.  Sometimesthelymphomaisactive,whichmeansthatit’smakinglotsofcancerouscells.Atothertimes,it’slessactive,andsomeofthelymphomacellsdie.Lymphnodessometimesgrow(duringtimesofhighactivity)andshrink(whenactivityislower),especiallyinpeoplewithlow-gradenon-Hodgkinlymphoma.  Whatelsecancauseswollenlymphnodes? Therearemanyotherpossiblecausesofswollenlymphnodes,including: infections,suchascoughs,tonsillitis,colds,earandthroatinfections illnessthataffecttheimmunesystem,suchasrheumatoidarthritis skinconditions,suchaseczemaorpsoriasis somemedicines,includingpenicillin,drugsusedtotreatepilepsy(phenytoinandcarbamazepine),cephalosporins(atypeofantibiotic)andthecovid-19vaccination. Backtotop Fatigue Fatigueisexhaustionthatcanbephysical,emotionalormental.Youmightfeeltiredafterdoingverylittle.Sometimes,peopledescribeitas‘debilitating’orfeeling‘drainedofenergy’. Fatiguecanbeasymptomoflymphomaandtherearelotsofpossiblereasonsforthis.However,therearemanyotherpossiblecausesoffatigue.Forexample:anaemia(alownumberofredbloodcells),anunderactivethyroidgland,depression,anxiety,chronicfatiguesyndrome(CFSor‘ME’)andglandularfever. Backtotop Unexplainedweightloss Unexplainedweightlossmeanslosingweightoverashortamountoftimewithouttryingto.  TheNHSadvisesthatyouseeyourGPifyoulosemorethan5%ofyournormalbodyweightover6to12months. Foranaverageperson,thismeanslosingaroundhalfastone(7lbsor3kg)ormore. Peoplewithlymphomacanloseover10%oftheirbodyweightwithin6months.Forexample,someonewithlymphomawhousuallyweighs11stone(70kg)mightlose15lbs(7kg)ormore. SpeaktoyourGPifyoulosealotofweightover6to12monthswithouttryingto. Lymphomacancauseweightlossbecausecancerouscellsuseupyourenergyresources.Atthesametime,yourbodyusesenergytryingtogetridofthecancerouscells.Weightlossismorecommonwithfast-growing(high-grade)lymphomasasthesecanputasuddendemandonyourbody. Lymphomaisjustoneofthepossiblecausesofunexplainedweightloss.Aswithmanyothersymptoms,weightlosscanhappenforalotofotherreasons,suchasstress,depression,digestiveproblems,oranoveractivethyroidgland.  Backtotop Nightsweats Lymphomacancausenightsweatsthatmakeyournightclothesandbedsheetssoakingwet.Theyareoftendescribedas‘drenching’.Althoughtheyareusuallycallednightsweats,theycanalsosometimeshappenduringtheday. Anytypeoflymphomacancausenightsweats,thoughdoctorsdon’treallyknowwhy.Onepossibilityisthattheyhappenaspartofyourbody’sreactiontochemicalsthelymphomacellsproduce.Anotheristhattheyareanaturalresponsetoyourbody’stemperaturerisingaboveanormallevel(fever)–assweatingisawayofcoolingyourbodydown.  Nightsweatscanhaveothercauses,suchasinfection,anxiety,menopause,overactivethyroidglandandsomemedicines. Speaktoyourdoctorifyouhavenightsweatsthatwakeyouuporifyoualsohaveothersymptoms,suchasfeverorunexplainedweightloss. Backtotop Itching Itching(‘pruritus’)ismuchmorecommonwithHodgkinlymphomathannon-Hodgkinlymphoma. Itchingcausedbylymphomacanaffect: areasofskinnearlymphnodesthatareaffectedbylymphoma patchesofskinlymphoma yourlowerlegs yourwholebody. Itcanbesevereandmightalsocauseaburningsensation.It’suncommontohavearashwithit,unlessyouhaveskinlymphoma. ContactyourGPifyouhaveitchingthataffectsyourwholebodyorlastsformorethan2weeks. Itchingcanbeveryuncomfortable,particularlyintheheat.Itisusuallyworseatnightinbed.Ifyouhaveadiagnosisoflymphomaandyouarestrugglingwithitching,therearethingsyoucouldtrythatmighthelp.Speaktoyourmedicalteamforadvice. Itchinginlymphomaisthoughttohappenbecauseofyourbody’sreactiontochemicalsreleasedbyyourimmunesysteminreactiontothelymphoma.Thesechemicalsirritatethenervesinyourskinandmakeititch. Althoughitchingiscommoninpeoplewithlymphoma,havingitchyskindoesnotnecessarilymeanyouhavelymphoma.Itchingcanhavemanydifferentandfarmorecommoncauses,includingallergies,skinconditionssuchaseczema,skininfectionsormenopause.  Backtotop Fever Feverishighbodytemperatureof38°Cor100.4°Forover.Itisalmostalwayscausedbyaninfection,butthereareafewotherlesscommoncauses,includinglymphoma. Withlymphoma,feversareusuallymild(low-grade).Thismeansthattheyareonlyalittleovernormalbodytemperature.Usually,thesefeverscomeandgo. Lymphomacausesfeversbecausethelymphomacellsproducechemicalsthatraiseyourbodytemperature.  Contactyourdoctorifyouhaveafeverthatgoesonforawhilewithoutanobviousinfection. Backtotop Difficultyrecoveringfrominfections Havinglymphomacanmeanthatyourimmunesystemisweakened. Normally,whitebloodcellsfightinfections.Ifyouhavelymphoma,cancerouswhitebloodcells(thatmakeupthelymphoma)areproducedinsteadofthehealthywhitebloodcells.Thiscanmakeyoudevelopinfectionsmoreeasily.Theinfectionscouldbemoresevereorlastforlongerthantheywouldnormally. Infectionsoftencauseahightemperatureandmakeyoufeelhotandshivery.Othersymptomsdependonwhereinyourbodyyouhavetheinfection–forexample,youmighthaveanearache,acough,asorethroat,painwhenyouwee,orsicknessanddiarrhoea. SeeyourGPifyou’reworriedthatyou’renotgettingbetterafteraminorinfection. Backtotop Chestsymptoms SwollenlymphnodesinthechestarequitecommoninHodgkinlymphomaandsometypesofhigh-gradenon-Hodgkinlymphoma.However,anytypeoflymphomacancausethem. Swollenlymphnodesinthechestcanpressonyourairwaysandlungs.Theycanalsocausefluidtocollectaroundyourlungs. Swollenlymphnodesinthechestcancausesymptomssuchas: drycough shortnessofbreath noisybreathing painbehindthebreastbone afeelingofpressureinthechest. Thesecanbeworsewhenyouliedown. Ifyouhaveacoughorshortnessofbreaththatlastsformorethan3weeks,speaktoyourGP.  Swollenlymphnodesthatpressagainstbloodvesselscanlowerthebloodflowthroughthem.Thiscancauseswellingand,insomecases,canincreasetheriskofaclotforming. Backtotop Tummy(abdominal)symptoms Lymphomacandevelopinlymphnodesintheabdomenorlymphatictissueinyourliverorspleen.Itcanalsodevelopoutsideyourlymphaticsystem(‘extranodal’lymphoma).Thegutisthemostcommonplaceforextranodallymphomatodevelop. Symptomsdependonwhichpartsofyourbodyareaffected.Forexample: Ifyourspleenisveryswollen,youmighthavepainbehindyourribsontheleftside,oryoumightfeelbloatedorfullaftereatingonlyalittle.Youoryourdoctormightbeabletofeeltheswollenspleenasalumpinthetopleftsideofyourtummy. Ifyouhavelymphomaaffectingyourliver,yourtummymightbecomeswollenandthewhitesofyoureyesandyourskinmightdevelopayellowtinge(jaundice).Lymphomaaffectingyourlivermightalsocauseyoutofeelbloated,whichcanhappenfromabuild-upoffluidinyourabdomen.  Lymphomainthestomachcancauseswellingofthestomachlining(gastritis),whichcancausepainornausea(feelingorbeingsick). Lymphomainthebowelcancauseabdominalpain,diarrhoeaorconstipation. SeeyourGPurgentlyifyourskinorthewhitesofyoureyeslookyellow. SpeaktoyourGPifyouhaveanyofthefollowingsymptoms: bloodinyourpoo achangeinbowelhabits(suchasdiarrhoeaorconstipation)thatgoesonformorethan7days greenoryellowvomit vomitinglastingmorethan2days vomitingthatcausesyoutobecomedehydratedbybeingunabletodrinkliquidswithoutvomiting. Backtotop Pain Lymphomaisn’tusuallypainfulbutsometimes,swollennodespressonothertissuesandnerveswhichcancausepain.Lymphomaintheboneitself(ratherthaninthebonemarrow)israrebutwhenitdoeshappen,itcancausepainintheaffectedbone.  Backtotop Skinsymptoms Lymphomacancauseitchyskin. Ifyouhaveskinlymphoma,youmighthavesymptomsthataffectyourskin.Commonsymptomsdependonthetypeofskinlymphoma,butcouldinclude: lumps,whichareoftenapurplecolour patchesofskinthataredry,red,scalyoritchy patchesofskinthataredifferenttootherareas–forexample,areflatter,shiny,raised,scalyorred. Lymphomaintheskincanlookalotlikeotherskinconditions,suchaseczemaorpsoriasis. Ifyouhavebeendiagnosedwithskinlymphoma,youmightbeinterestedinourinformationaboutlivingwithskinlymphoma. SpeaktoyourGPurgentlyifyouhavearashthat: startssuddenlyandspreadsquickly isalloveryourbody comeswithothersymptomssuchaspain,feverofbreathlessness. Ifyouhaveanewrashthatdoesn’tgoawaywithinafewdays,seekadvicefromyourGP. Backtotop Brainandnervesymptoms Symptomsthataffectyourbrainandnervesdependonwherethelymphomais.  Lymphomathataffectsyourcentralnervoussystem(CNS) Centralnervoussystemlymphomaisanuncommontypeoflymphomathatisinyourbrain,spinalcordoreyes(yourcentralnervoussystem,orCNS).Symptomsdependonwherethelymphomais,butcaninclude: fits(seizures) problemswithbalance dizziness difficultieswithmemoryandconcentration weaknessortinglinginanarmorleg.  Lymphomathataffectsyourperipheralnervoussystem Othertypesoflymphomacancausedamagetothenervesoutsideofthebrainandspinalcord(theperipheralnervoussystem).Thisiscalledperipheralneuropathy. Symptomsofperipheralneuropathydependonwhichgroupofnervesareaffected.Theycaninclude: pinsandneedles,numbnessoraburningsensation,ofteninthehandsorfeet pain increasedsensitivitytotouchortemperature muscletwitches(smallmusclecontractions). TellyourGPifyouhaveanyofthesesymptoms. Peripheralneuropathycanhappenifthelymphomaproduceschemicalsthatsticktonervesanddamagethem.ItisquitecommoninpeoplewithWaldenström'smacroglobulinaemia(WM). Rarely,lymphomaspreadsintothenerves.Itcanpushupagainstthemorgrowaroundthetinybloodvesselsthatsupplythem.Thiscancausesymptomsofperipheralneuropathy. Peripheralneuropathycanalsoaffectthenervesofyourautonomicnervoussystem,whichcarrymessagesbetweenyourbrainandyourinternalorgans.Thiscancausesymptomssuchasbloodpressurechangesandlight-headedness.  Thinkingprocesses(cognition) Lymphomacanaffectthinkingprocesses(cognition)suchasmemory,attentionandspeedofresponse.Thisisknownascancer-relatedcognitiveimpairment(‘chemobrain’).However,anyonewithlymphomamightbeaffected,notonlypeopletreatedwithchemotherapy.Fatigueoremotionalfactors,suchasstressandanxiety,canalsohaveanimpact. Backtotop Swellinginthearmsorlegs(lymphoedema) Swollenlymphnodescansometimesblockthelymphaticvessels(tubesthatrunthroughoutyourbodyandcarrylymphfluid).Thisstopsthelymphfluiddrainingproperlyfromthetissuesinyourbody.  Thelymphfluidcanthenbuildup,causinglymphoedema(swellinginthebody’stissues).Possiblesymptomsincludeswelling,feelingsoftightness,heaviness,achingorsoreness.Itusuallyaffectsanarmoraleg,althoughitcanaffectotherareasofyourbody,dependingonwherethelymphomais. Otherconditionscanalsocauselymphoedema.Forexample,infection,injury,geneticconditionsandsurgery. Ifyouhaveanysymptomsoflymphoedema,speaktoyourGP. Backtotop Anaemia Manypeoplewithlymphomaareaffectedbyanaemiaatsomepointduringtheirillness. Anaemiameansthatyouhaveashortageofredbloodcells.Thiscanmakeyoufeeltiredandbreathlessbecauseyourbodyhastoworkharderthanusualtogetenoughoxygen. Youmightexperienceanaemiaiflymphomaaffectsyourredbloodcells,forexample: Lymphomainthebonemarrowcanaffecttheproductionofhealthybloodcells,leadingtoanaemia. Lymphomainthegutcancausebleeding,whichcanleadtoanaemia. Ifredbloodcellscollectinthespleenorgetdestroyedinthespleen,thiscancauseanaemia. Symptomsofanaemiacaninclude: weaknessandtiredness dizziness headache flutteringorpoundingheart(palpitations) apalerskintonethanisusualforyou. Ifyouexperiencesymptomsofanaemia,contactyourGP. Therearelotsofothercausesofanaemia,includingnutritionaldeficiencies(particularlyiron),heavyperiods,pregnancyandsomeinfections. Backtotop Frequentlyaskedquestionsaboutsymptomsoflymphoma Inthissection,weanswersomeofthecommonquestionsaboutsymptomsoflymphoma.Ifyouhavebeendiagnosedwithlymphoma,seekguidanceaboutsymptomsfromyourmedicalteam.Ifyouhavenotbeendiagnosedwithlymphoma,speaktoyourGPforadvice. Whatarethemostcommonsymptomsoflymphoma? Lymphomacancausemanydifferentsymptoms,dependingonitstypeandwhereitisinyourbody.Themostcommonsymptomsoflymphomaare: swollenlymphnodes,usuallyintheneck,armpitorgroin fatigue unexplainedweightloss sweats itching. WillIgetallofthesymptomsoflymphoma? Thereareover60typesoflymphoma,broadlydividedintoHodgkinlymphomaandnon-Hodgkinlymphoma.Theselymphomascanstartalmostanywhereinthebodyandcanhavemanydifferentsymptoms.Theexactsymptomstheycausedependonthetypeoflymphomaandwhereitisinthebody. Evenwiththesametypeoflymphoma,differentpeopleareaffecteddifferently.Forexample: Youmighthavelotsofsymptomsoronlyafewsymptoms.Sometimeslymphomaisdiscoveredduringtestsforsomethingelseandyoumightnothavehadanysymptomsatall. Youmighthavesymptomsinonearea(localsymptoms)orsymptomsthataffectyourwholebody(systemicsymptoms). Youmightfeelgenerallywelloryoumightbecomeveryunwellquickly. Ihaven’tbeendiagnosedwithlymphomabutI’mconcernedaboutsymptoms–whatshouldIdo? Ifyouareconcernedaboutanysymptomsyou’reexperiencing,speaktoyourGP. Youmightfindithelpstokeepanoteofyoursymptomsandhowthey’reaffectingyou.YoucouldhavethiswithyouwhenyouspeaktoyourGPsothatyouremembereverythingyouwanttodiscuss. IfyourGPsuspectslymphoma,youmightbereferredfortestsandscans.  Ifyouwouldliketospeaktoamemberofourhelplineteamaboutanyaspectoflymphoma,contactusforsupport. IhavebeendiagnosedwithlymphomaandI’mfindingmysymptomsdifficulttocopewith–whatcanIdo? Speaktoamemberofyourmedicalteamforadviceabouthowtomanagesymptomsoflymphoma.Dependingonthesymptomandhowit’saffectingyou,theymightbeabletooffertips,treatment,orareferraltoanotherhealthprofessional. Youmightalsobeinterestedinourinformationaboutcopingwithsymptomsoflymphoma;however,checkwithamemberofyourmedicalteamwhethertheapproachesoutlinedaresuitableforyou. Contactusifyou’dliketospeaktoamemberofourhelplineteamaboutanyaspectofyourlymphoma. Backtotop Signuptoreceiveourmagazine JoinourFacebookSupportGroup TweettoTwitter(opensinanewwindow) ShareonFacebook(opensinanewwindow) Aboutlymphoma COVID-19andlymphoma Whatislymphoma? Symptomsoflymphoma Copingwithsymptomsoflymphoma Tests,diagnosisandstaging Treatmentforlymphoma Sideeffectsoftreatment Livingwithandbeyondlymphoma Relationshipsandcaring Lymphomaandtheendoflife Usefulorganisations Glossary Details Lastreviewed November2021 Nextplannedreview November2024 Downloads SymptomsoflymphomainformationsheetPDF(PDF,2.69MB)(Opensinanewtab) Livingwithandbeyondlymphomabook(PDF,7.48MB)(Opensinanewtab) Acknowledgements DrGrahamCollins,ConsultantHaematologist,OxfordUniversityNHSFoundationTrust. LauraCroan,HaematologyAdvancedNursePractitioner,BelfastHealthandSocialCareTrust. WewouldliketothankthemembersofourReaderPanelwhogavetheirtimetoreviewthisinformation. Signuptoreceiveourmagazine JoinourFacebookSupportGroup Wasthispageuseful? Sendusyourfeedback Tests,diagnosisandstagingoflymphoma Copingwithsymptomsoflymphoma Typesoflymphoma Livingwithandbeyondlymphoma Glossary Ifyouwouldlikefurtherinformationorwouldliketotalkaboutanyaspectofyourlymphoma,pleasecontactus. Supportforyou Watchourshortvideotohearaboutpeople’sexperiences. Personalexperiences Keepupdatedwiththelatestlymphomanews,events,supportservices,campaignsandwaystogetinvolved. Signuptohearfromus



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