Endangered species - Wikipedia

An endangered species is a species that is very likely to become extinct in the near future, either worldwide or in a particular political jurisdiction. Endangeredspecies FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Speciesoforganismsfacingaveryhighriskofextinction "Endangered"redirectshere.Forotheruses,seeEndangered(disambiguation)andEndangeredspecies(disambiguation). ConservationstatusbyIUCNRedListcategoryExtinctExtinct(EX)ExtinctintheWild(EW)(list)(list)ThreatenedCriticallyEndangered(CR)Endangered(EN)Vulnerable(VU)(list)(list)(list)LowerRiskNearThreatened(NT)ConservationDependent(CD)LeastConcern(LC)(list)(list)OthercategoriesDataDeficient(DD)NotEvaluated(NE)(list)Relatedtopics InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN) IUCNRedList NatureServestatus Listsoforganismsbypopulation ComparisonofRedlistclassesaboveandNatureServestatusbelowvte TheCaliforniacondorisanendangeredspecies.Notethewingtagsusedforpopulationmonitoring. Anendangeredspeciesisaspeciesthatisverylikelytobecomeextinctinthenearfuture,eitherworldwideorinaparticularpoliticaljurisdiction.Endangeredspeciesmaybeatriskduetofactorssuchashabitatloss,poachingandinvasivespecies.TheInternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN)RedListliststheglobalconservationstatusofmanyspecies,andvariousotheragenciesassessthestatusofspecieswithinparticularareas.Manynationshavelawsthatprotectconservation-reliantspecieswhich,forexample,forbidhunting,restrictlanddevelopment,orcreateprotectedareas.Someendangeredspeciesarethetargetofextensiveconservationeffortssuchascaptivebreedingandhabitatrestoration. Contents 1Conservationstatus 2IUCNRedList 3IntheUnitedStates 3.1EndangeredSpeciesAct 4Invasivespecies 5Conservation 5.1Captivebreeding 5.2Privatefarming 6Gallery 7Seealso 7.1IUCNRedList 8References 9Furtherreading 10Externallinks Conservationstatus[edit] Mainarticle:Conservationstatus PhotoofPusahispidasaimensis,alsoknownasSaimaaRingedSeal,from1956.LivingonlyinLakeSaimaa,Finland,SaimaaRingedSealsareamongthemostendangeredsealsintheworld,havingatotalpopulationofonlyabout400individuals.[1] Theconservationstatusofaspeciesindicatesthelikelihoodthatitwillbecomeextinct.Multiplefactorsareconsideredwhenassessingthestatusofaspecies;e.g.,suchstatisticsasthenumberremaining,theoverallincreaseordecreaseinthepopulationovertime,breedingsuccessrates,orknownthreats.[2]TheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpeciesisthebest-knownworldwideconservationstatuslistingandrankingsystem.[3] Over50%oftheworld'sspeciesareestimatedtobeatriskofextinction.[4]Internationally,195countrieshavesignedanaccordtocreateBiodiversityActionPlansthatwillprotectendangeredandotherthreatenedspecies.IntheUnitedStates,suchplansareusuallycalledSpeciesRecoveryPlans. IUCNRedList[edit] Mainarticle:Endangeredspecies(IUCNstatus) TheSiberiantigerisanEndangered (EN)tigersubspecies.Threetigersubspeciesarealreadyextinct(seeListofcarnivoransbypopulation).[5] Blue-throatedmacaw,anendangeredspecies Brownspidermonkey,anendangeredspecies Siamesecrocodile,anendangeredspecies Americanburyingbeetle,anendangeredspecies Kemp'sridleyseaturtle,anendangeredspecies MexicanWolf,themostendangeredsubspeciesoftheNorthAmericanGreyWolf.Approximately143arelivingwild. Thoughlabeledalist,theIUCNRedListisasystemofassessingtheglobalconservationstatusofspeciesthatincludes"DataDeficient" (DD)species –speciesforwhichmoredataandassessmentisrequiredbeforetheirsituationmaybedetermined –aswellspeciescomprehensivelyassessedbytheIUCN'sspeciesassessmentprocess.Thosespeciesof"NearThreatened" (NT)and"LeastConcern" (LC)statushavebeenassessedandfoundtohaverelativelyrobustandhealthypopulations,thoughthesemaybeindecline.Unliketheirmoregeneraluseelsewhere,theListusestheterms"endangeredspecies"and"threatenedspecies"withparticularmeanings:"Endangered" (EN)speciesliebetween"Vulnerable" (VU)and"CriticallyEndangered" (CR)species.In2012,theIUCNRedListlisted3,079animaland2,655plantspeciesasendangered(EN)worldwide. IntheUnitedStates[edit] ThereisdatafromtheUnitedStatesthatshowsacorrelationbetweenhumanpopulationsandthreatenedandendangeredspecies.UsingspeciesdatafromtheDatabaseontheEconomicsandManagementofEndangeredSpecies(DEMES)databaseandtheperiodthattheEndangeredSpeciesAct(ESA)hasbeeninexistence,1970to1997,atablewascreatedthatsuggestsapositiverelationshipbetweenhumanactivityandspeciesendangerment.[6] Aproportionalsymbolmapofeachstate'sendangeredspeciescount EndangeredSpeciesAct[edit] "Endangered"inrelationto"threatened"undertheESA UndertheEndangeredSpeciesActof1973intheUnitedStates,speciesmaybelistedas"endangered"or"threatened".TheSaltCreektigerbeetle(Cicindelanevadicalincolniana)isanexampleofanendangeredsubspeciesprotectedundertheESA.TheUSFishandWildlifeService,aswellastheNationalMarineFisheriesServiceareheldresponsibleforclassifyingandprotectingendangeredspecies.Theyarealsoresponsibleforaddingaparticularspeciestothelist,whichcanbealong,controversialprocess.[7] Someendangeredspecieslawsarecontroversial.Typicalareasofcontroversyincludecriteriaforplacingaspeciesontheendangeredspecieslistandrulesforremovingaspeciesfromthelistonceitspopulationhasrecovered.Whetherrestrictionsonlanddevelopmentconstitutea"taking"oflandbythegovernment;therelatedquestionofwhetherprivatelandownersshouldbecompensatedforthelossofusesoftheirareas;andobtainingreasonableexceptionstoprotectionlaws.Alsolobbyingfromhuntersandvariousindustrieslikethepetroleumindustry,constructionindustry,andlogging,hasbeenanobstacleinestablishingendangeredspecieslaws. TheBushadministrationliftedapolicythatrequiredfederalofficialstoconsultawildlifeexpertbeforetakingactionsthatcoulddamageendangeredspecies.UndertheObamaadministration,thispolicywasreinstated.[8] Beinglistedasanendangeredspeciescanhavenegativeeffectsinceitcouldmakeaspeciesmoredesirableforcollectorsandpoachers.[9]Thiseffectispotentiallyreducible,suchasinChinawherecommerciallyfarmedturtlesmaybereducingsomeofthepressuretopoachendangeredspecies.[10] Anotherproblemwiththelistingspeciesisitseffectofincitingtheuseofthe"shoot,shovel,andshut-up"methodofclearingendangeredspeciesfromanareaofland.Somelandownerscurrentlymayperceiveadiminutioninvaluefortheirlandafterfindinganendangeredanimalonit.Theyhaveallegedlyoptedtokillandburytheanimalsordestroyhabitatsilently.Thusremovingtheproblemfromtheirland,butatthesametimefurtherreducingthepopulationofanendangeredspecies.[11]TheeffectivenessoftheEndangeredSpeciesAct –whichcoinedtheterm"endangeredspecies" –hasbeenquestionedbybusinessadvocacygroupsandtheirpublicationsbutisneverthelesswidelyrecognizedbywildlifescientistswhoworkwiththespeciesasaneffectiverecoverytool.Nineteenspecieshavebeendelistedandrecovered[12]and93%oflistedspeciesinthenortheasternUnitedStateshavearecoveringorstablepopulation.[13] Currently,1,556endangeredspeciesareunderprotectionbygovernmentlaw.Thisapproximation,however,doesnottakeintoconsiderationthespeciesthreatenedwithendangermentthatarenotincludedundertheprotectionoflawsliketheEndangeredSpeciesAct.AccordingtoNatureServe'sglobalconservationstatus,approximatelythirteenpercentofvertebrates(excludingmarinefish),seventeenpercentofvascularplants,andsixtoeighteenpercentoffungiareconsideredimperiled.[14]: 415 Thus,intotal,betweensevenandeighteenpercentoftheUnitedStates'knownanimals,fungiandplantsarenearextinction.[14]: 416 ThistotalissubstantiallymorethanthenumberofspeciesprotectedintheUnitedStatesundertheEndangeredSpeciesAct. Baldeagle Americanbison Eversincemankindbeganhuntingtopreserveitself,over-huntingandfishinghavebeenalargeanddangerousproblem.Ofallthespecieswhobecameextinctduetointerferencefrommankind,thedodo,passengerpigeon,greatauk,TasmaniantigerandSteller'sseacowaresomeofthemorewellknownexamples;withthebaldeagle,grizzlybear,Americanbison,Easterntimberwolfandseaturtlehavingbeenpoachedtonear-extinction.Manybeganasfoodsourcesseenasnecessaryforsurvivalbutbecamethetargetofsport.However,duetomajoreffortstopreventextinction,thebaldeagle,orHaliaeetusleucocephalusisnowunderthecategoryofLeastConcernontheredlist.[15]Apresent-dayexampleoftheover-huntingofaspeciescanbeseenintheoceansaspopulationsofcertainwhaleshavebeengreatlyreduced.Largewhaleslikethebluewhale,bowheadwhale,finbackwhale,graywhale,spermwhale,andhumpbackwhalearesomeoftheeightwhaleswhicharecurrentlystillincludedontheEndangeredSpeciesList.Actionshavebeentakentoattemptareductioninwhalingandincreasepopulationsizes.TheactionsincludeprohibitingallwhalinginUnitedStateswaters,theformationoftheCITEStreatywhichprotectsallwhales,alongwiththeformationoftheInternationalWhalingCommission(IWC).Buteventhoughallofthesemovementshavebeenputinplace,countriessuchasJapancontinuetohuntandharvestwhalesundertheclaimof"scientificpurposes".[16]Over-hunting,climaticchangeandhabitatlossleadsinlandingspeciesinendangeredspecieslist.Itcouldmeanthatextinctionratescouldincreasetoalargeextentinthefuture. Invasivespecies[edit] Mainarticle:Introducedspecies Theintroductionofnon-indigenousspeciestoanareacandisrupttheecosystemtosuchanextentthatnativespeciesbecomeendangered.Suchintroductionsmaybetermedalienorinvasivespecies.Insomecases,theinvasivespeciescompetewiththenativespeciesforfoodorpreyonthenatives.Inothercases,astableecologicalbalancemaybeupsetbypredationorothercausesleadingtounexpectedspeciesdecline.Newspeciesmayalsocarrydiseasestowhichthenativespecieshavenoexposureorresistance.[17] Conservation[edit] Thedhole,Asia'smostendangeredtoppredator,isontheedgeofextinction. Captivebreeding[edit] Mainarticle:Captivebreeding Captivebreedingistheprocessofbreedingrareorendangeredspeciesinhumancontrolledenvironmentswithrestrictedsettings,suchaswildlifereserves,zoos,andotherconservationfacilities.Captivebreedingismeanttosavespeciesfromextinctionandsostabilisethepopulationofthespeciesthatitwillnotdisappear.[18] Thistechniquehasworkedformanyspeciesforsometime,withprobablytheoldestknownsuchinstancesofcaptivematingbeingattributedtomenageriesofEuropeanandAsianrulers,anexamplebeingthePèreDavid'sdeer.However,captivebreedingtechniquesareusuallydifficulttoimplementforsuchhighlymobilespeciesassomemigratorybirds(e.g.cranes)andfishes(e.g.hilsa).Additionally,ifthecaptivebreedingpopulationistoosmall,theninbreedingmayoccurduetoareducedgenepoolandreduceresistance. In1981,theAssociationofZoosandAquariums(AZA)createdaSpeciesSurvivalPlan(SSP)tohelppreservespecificendangeredandthreatenedspeciesthroughcaptivebreeding.Withover450SSPPlans,someendangeredspeciesarecoveredbytheAZAwithplanstocoverpopulationmanagementgoalsandrecommendationsforbreedingforadiverseandhealthypopulation,createdbyTaxonAdvisoryGroups.Theseprogramsarecommonlycreatedasalastresorteffort.SSPProgramsregularlyparticipateinspeciesrecovery,veterinarycareforwildlifediseaseoutbreaks,andsomeotherwildlifeconservationefforts.TheAZA'sSpeciesSurvivalPlanalsohasbreedingandtransferprograms,bothwithinandoutsideofAZA-certifiedzoosandaquariums.SomeanimalsthatarepartofSSPprogramsaregiantpandas,lowlandgorillas,andCaliforniacondors.[19] Privatefarming[edit] Blackrhino Southernbluefintuna Whereaspoachingsubstantiallyreducesendangeredanimalpopulations,legal,for-profit,privatefarmingdoestheopposite.Ithassubstantiallyincreasedthepopulationsofthesouthernblackrhinocerosandsouthernwhiterhinoceros.DrRichardEmslie,ascientificofficerattheIUCN,saidofsuchprograms,"Effectivelawenforcementhasbecomemucheasiernowthattheanimalsarelargelyprivatelyowned...Wehavebeenabletobringlocalcommunitiesintoconservationprograms.Thereareincreasinglystrongeconomicincentivesattachedtolookingafterrhinosratherthansimplypoaching:fromEco-tourismorsellingthemonforaprofit.Somanyownersarekeepingthemsecure.Theprivatesectorhasbeenkeytohelpingourwork."[20] ConservationexpertsviewtheeffectofChina'sturtlefarmingonthewildturtlepopulationsofChinaandSouth-EasternAsia –manyofwhichareendangered –as"poorlyunderstood".[21]Althoughtheycommendthegradualreplacementofturtlescaughtwildwithfarm-raisedturtlesinthemarketplace –thepercentageoffarm-raisedindividualsinthe"visible"tradegrewfromaround30%in2000toaround70%in2007[22] –theyworrythatmanywildanimalsarecaughttoprovidefarmerswithbreedingstock.TheconservationexpertPeterPaulvanDijknotedthatturtlefarmersoftenbelievethatanimalscaughtwildaresuperiorbreedingstock.Turtlefarmersmay,therefore,seekandcatchthelastremainingwildspecimensofsomeendangeredturtlespecies.[22] In2015,researchersinAustraliamanagedtocoaxsouthernbluefintunatobreedinlandlockedtanks,raisingthepossibilitythatfishfarmingmaybeabletosavethespeciesfromoverfishing.[23] Gallery[edit] Thoughendangered,theseaotterhasarelativelylargepopulation. 1870sphotoofAmericanbisonskulls.By1890,overhuntinghadreducedthe populationto750. ImmatureCaliforniacondor. Loggerheadseaturtle Asianarowana Hawksbillseaturtle Cantor'sgiantsoftshellturtle Seealso[edit] ARKive Biodiversity CriticallyEndangered Conservationcloning Exsituconservation Genomesequencingofendangeredspecies Holoceneextinction Habitatfragmentation InternationalRhinoFoundation InternationalUnionforConservationofNature(IUCN) Overexploitation Rarespecies RedDataBookoftheRussianFederation Threatenedspecies WorldWideFundforNature(WWF) IUCNRedList[edit] ListofChromistabyconservationstatus Listofendangeredamphibians Listofendangeredarthropods Listofendangeredbirds Listofendangeredfishes Listofendangeredinsects Listofendangeredinvertebrates Listofendangeredmammals Listofendangeredmolluscs Listofendangeredplants Listofendangeredreptiles Listoffungibyconservationstatus ListsofIUCNRedListendangeredspecies References[edit] ^"SaimaaRingedSeal".Archivedfromtheoriginalon25December2018.Retrieved22December2018. ^"NatureServeConservationStatus".NatureServe.April2007.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21September2013.Retrieved2June2012. ^"RedListOverview".IUCN.February2011.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonMay27,2012.Retrieved2June2012. ^"ThreatenedSpecies".ConservationandWildlife.ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember13,2012.Retrieved2June2012. ^"TheTiger".SundarbansTigerProject.Archivedfromtheoriginalon17September2012.Retrieved2June2012. ^Shogren,JasonF.;Tschirhart,John,eds.(2001).ProtectingEndangeredSpeciesintheUnitedStates:BiologicalNeeds,PoliticalRealities,EconomicChoices.CambridgeUniversityPress.pp. 1.ISBN 0521662109. ^Wilcove,D.S.;Master,L.L.(2005)."HowManyEndangeredSpeciesarethereintheUnitedStates?".FrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment.3(8):414.doi:10.2307/3868657.JSTOR 3868657.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2021-06-02.Retrieved2021-06-01. ^"ReversingBushRule,ObamaResumesSafeguardsforEndangeredSpecies".PBSNewsHour.2009-03-03.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2019-09-03.Retrieved2021-07-23. ^Courchamp,Franck;ElenaAngulo;PhilippeRivalan;RichardJ.Hall;LaetitiaSignoret;LeighBull;YvesMeinard(2006)."RarityValueandSpeciesExtinction:TheAnthropogenicAlleeEffect".PLOSBiology.4(12):e415.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040415.PMC 1661683.PMID 17132047. ^Dharmananda,Subhuti(2006)."EndangeredSpeciesissuesaffectingturtlesandtortoisesusedinChinesemedicine".PLOSBiology.InstituteforTraditionalMedicine,Portland,Oregon.4(12):e415.doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.0040415.PMC 1661683.PMID 17132047. ^"Shoot,ShovelandShutUp".Reasononline.ReasonMagazine.2003-12-31.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2009-09-21.Retrieved2006-12-23. ^"USFWSThreatenedandEndangeredSpeciesSystem(TESS)".U.S.Fish&WildlifeService.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2007-07-28.Retrieved2007-08-06. ^"ESASuccesses".www.esasuccess.org.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-02-10.Retrieved2007-01-24. ^abWilcove&Master2005. ^BirdLifeInternational(2016)."Haliaeetusleucocephalus".IUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies.2016:e.T22695144A93492523.doi:10.2305/IUCN.UK.2016-3.RLTS.T22695144A93492523.en.Retrieved11November2021. ^Freedman,Bill(2008)."Endangeredspecies".Gale(4th ed.).46(44):25.PMID 30399289. ^Chiras,DanielD.(2011)."InvaderSpecies".Grolier.Online.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2018-10-09.Retrieved2015-03-04. ^"CaptiveBreedingPopulations-NationalZoo".Nationalzoo.si.edu.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2009-10-15.Retrieved2009-12-06. ^"AssociationofZoosandAquariumsSpeciesSurvivalPrograms".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2009-08-03. ^He'sblack,andhe'sback!PrivateenterprisesavessouthernAfrica'srhinofromextinctionArchived2017-09-26attheWaybackMachine,TheIndependent,June17,2008 ^Shi,Haitao;Parham,JamesF.;Fan,Zhiyong;Hong,Meiling;Yin,Feng(2008-01-01)."EvidenceforthemassivescaleofturtlefarminginChina".Oryx.Vol. 42.CambridgeUniversityPress.pp. 147–150.doi:10.1017/S0030605308000562.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2011-06-05.Retrieved2009-12-26. ^ab"Turtlefarmsthreatenrarespecies,expertssayArchived2012-02-18attheWaybackMachine".FishFarmer,30March2007.TheirsourceisanarticlebyJamesParham,ShiHaitaoandtwootherauthors,publishedinFebruary2007inthejournalConservationBiology. ^TheTop10Everythingof2009:Top10ScientificDiscoveries:5.BreedingTunaonLand,Timemagazine,December8,2009. Furtherreading[edit] Glenn,C.R.2006."Earth'sEndangeredCreatures"Archived2019-09-15attheWaybackMachine. Ishwaran,N.,&Erdelen,W.(2005,May).BiodiversityFuturesArchived2015-11-07attheWaybackMachine,FrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment,3(4),179. Kotiaho,J.S.,Kaitala,V.,Komonen,A.,Päivinen,J.P.,&Ehrlich,P.R.(2005,February8).PredictingtheRiskofExtinctionfromSharedEcologicalCharacteristicsArchived2018-09-13attheWaybackMachine,proceedingsoftheNationalAcademyofSciencesoftheUnitedStatesofAmerica,102(6),1963–1967. Minteer,B.A.,&Collins,J.P.(2005,August).Whyweneedan"EcologicalEthics"Archived2018-09-13attheWaybackMachine,FrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment,3(6),332–337. Raloff,J.(2006,August5).PreservingParadiseArchived2018-09-13attheWaybackMachine,ScienceNews,170(6),92. Wilcove,D.S.,&MasterL.L.(2008,October).HowManyEndangeredSpeciesarethereintheUnitedStates?Archived2018-09-13attheWaybackMachineFrontiersinEcologyandtheEnvironment,3(8),414–420. Freedman,Bill."endangeredspecies."GaleEncyclopediaofScience.Ed.K.LeeLernerandBrendaWilmothLerner.4thed.Detroit:GaleGroup,2008.DiscoveringCollection.Gale. Chiras,DanielD."InvaderSpecies."GrolierMultimediaEncyclopedia.GrolierOnline,2011. "endangeredSpecies."CurrentIssues:MacmillanSocialScienceLibrary.Detroit:Gale,2010. Externallinks[edit] ListofspecieswiththecategoryEndangeredasidentifiedbytheIUCNRedListofThreatenedSpecies EndangeredSpeciesfromUCBLibrariesGovPubs. EndangeredSpecies&WetlandsReportIndependentprintandonlinenewslettercoveringtheESA,wetlandsandregulatorytakings. USFWSnumericalsummaryoflistedspeciesinUSandelsewhere Extinction:Amillionspeciesatrisk,sowhatissaved?BBC.December28,2019. vteThreatenedspeciesTemplate: ThreatenedspeciesbyregionIUCNRedListCategories1Extinct Extinct(EX) ExtinctintheWild(EW) Threatened CriticallyEndangered(CR) Endangered(EN) Vulnerable(VU) Lowerrisk NearThreatened(NT) LeastConcern(LC) LowerRisk(LR) ConservationDependent(LR/cd) Notfullyassessed DataDeficient(DD) NotEvaluated(NE) SpeciesLists Extinct ExtinctintheWild CriticallyEndangered Endangered Vulnerable NearThreatened LeastConcern DataDeficient WPcategories Extinct ExtinctintheWild CriticallyEndangered Endangered Vulnerable NearThreatened LeastConcern DataDeficient CITES AppendixI AppendixII AppendixIII Bytaxa Endangeredarthropods /spiders /Declineininsectpopulations ThreatenedBanksia /rays /sharks /Fungi /Chromista TheWorld's25MostEndangeredPrimates Theworld's100mostthreatenedspecies Conservation Biodiversityactionplan Biodiversitythreats Conservationbiology CITES ARKive Birdconservation Conservationstatus Conservation-reliantspecies Ecoregionconservationstatus Habitatdestruction Latentextinctionrisk Rarespecies Vulnerabilityandsusceptibility 1Pre-2001categoriesandsubcategoriesshowninitalics. vteZoos,aquariumsandaviariesTypesofzoos Animalsanctuary Animalthemepark Aquarium Aviary Bearpit Butterflyhouse Dolphinarium Herpetarium Insectarium Naturecenter Marinemammalpark Menagerie Nightsafari Oceanarium Penguinarium Pheasantry Pettingzoo Reptilecentre Safaripark Virtualzoo Vivarium Zoo Conservation Biodiversity Captivebreeding Conservationbiology Endangeredspecies Exsituconservation Insituconservation Speciesreintroduction Lists Aquariums Conservationtopics Dolphinariums Zoos Zooassociations Related Animalrights Animalcruelty Animalsincaptivity Animaltraining Behavioralenrichment Frozenzoo Immersionexhibit Nocturnalhouse Wildlifeconservation Zookeeper Zookey Zoologicalsociety Zoology  Animalsportal  Category:Zoos  Category:Aquariums Portals:EcologyEnvironmentBiology Authoritycontrol NationalArchives(US) Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Endangered_species&oldid=1080192841" Categories:EndangeredspeciesBiotabyconservationstatusEnvironmentalconservationHabitatIUCNRedListIUCNRedListendangeredspeciesHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticleswithNARAidentifiers Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommonsWikinews Languages AfrikaansAlemannischالعربيةAragonésঅসমীয়াAsturianuAzərbaycancaتۆرکجهবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБашҡортсаБеларускаяБеларуская(тарашкевіца)БългарскиBosanskiCatalàČeštinaCymraegDanskEestiΕλληνικάEspañolEsperantoEuskaraفارسیFijiHindiFrançaisGaeilgeGalegoГӀалгӀайગુજરાતી客家語/Hak-kâ-ngî한국어हिन्दीHrvatskiIlokanoBahasaIndonesiaInterlinguaÍslenskaItalianoעבריתJawaಕನ್ನಡქართულიҚазақшаKernowekKiswahiliKreyòlayisyenKurdîКыргызчаLatinaLatviešuLietuviųMagyarമലയാളംमराठीمصرىBahasaMelayuМонголမြန်မာဘာသာNederlands日本語НохчийнNorskbokmålNorsknynorskOccitanਪੰਜਾਬੀپنجابیPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийShqipSimpleEnglishSlovenčinaSlovenščinaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்Татарча/tatarçaతెలుగుไทยТоҷикӣTürkçeTürkmençeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệtWinaray吴语ייִדיש粵語中文 Editlinks