Our World in Data

Research and data to make progress against the world's largest problems. ... The world population increased from 1 billion in 1800 to 7.9 billion today. InthenewsExploredataforcontextofthewarinUkraineResearchanddatatomakeprogressagainsttheworld’slargestproblemsScrolltoallourarticles3160chartsacross297topicsAllfree:openaccessandopensourceTrustedinresearchandmediaFindouthowourworkisusedbyjournalistsandresearchersUsedinteachingFindouthowourworkisusedinteachingTheInternationalEnergyAgencypublishesthedetailed,globalenergydataweallneed,butitsfundersforceitbehindpaywalls.Let’saskthemtochangeit.Forenergysecurityandprogressonclimatechangeweneedopendataonenergy.ThefundersoftheIEAcanmakethishappen.ByMaxRoserandHannahRitchie—March18,2022TheFutureisVast:Longtermism’sperspectiveonhumanity’spast,present,andfutureIfwemanagetoavoidalargecatastrophe,wearelivingattheearlybeginningsofhumanhistoryByMaxRoser—March15,2022WejustpublishedournewdataexploreronfossilfuelsExploredataonfossilfuelsreserves,production,tradeandconsumption.ByPabloRosadoandHannahRitchie—March10,2022WejustpublishedournewMigrationDataExplorerExploreglobaldataonimmigration,refugeesandasylumseekers.ByFionaSpoonerandHannahRitchie—March09,2022NewDataExplorer:Wheredopeoplemigratefromandto?Exploreglobalmigrationdata,country-by-country.ByFionaSpooner,MarcelGerberandHannahRitchie—March08,2022Nuclearweapons:WhyreducingtheriskofnuclearwarshouldbeakeyconcernofourgenerationTheconsequencesofnuclearwarwouldbedevastating.Muchmoreshould–andcan–bedonetoreducetheriskthathumanitywilleverfightsuchawar.ByMaxRoser—March03,2022SeeallpostsSubscribetoournewsletterReceiveourlatestworkbyemail.ImmediateupdatesReceiveanemailfromuswheneverwepublishnewwork(maximum1perday).BiweeklydigestReceiveanoverviewofourrecentworkandhighlightsofourotherworkeverytwoweeks.Bysubscribingyouareagreeingtothetermsofourprivacypolicy.SubscribeFollowusTwitterFacebookInstagramRSSFeedSustainableDevelopmentGoalsTrackerIstheworldontracktoreachtheSustainableDevelopmentGoals?TeachingHubSlides,research,andvisualizationsforteachingandlearningaboutglobaldevelopmentAllourarticlesonglobalproblemsandglobalchangesDemographicChangePopulationchangeTheworldpopulationincreasedfrom1billionin1800to7.9billiontoday. Growthslowedfrom2.2%peryear50yearsagoto1.0%peryeartoday. Whenandwhydidtheworldpopulationgrow?Andhowdoesrapidpopulationgrowthcometoanend?WorldPopulationGrowthTheUNprojectsthattheglobalpopulationwillbe10.9billionby2100. Thepopulationgrowthrateisthenexpectedtobeclosetozero. Whatcanweexpectforthefuture?Whatdetermineshowlargeorsmalltheworldpopulationwillbe?FuturePopulationGrowthTheglobalmedianageincreasedfrom22yearsin1970to31years. 25%oftheworldareyoungerthan14years.9%areolderthan65. Whatistheageprofileofpopulationsaroundtheworld?Howdiditchangeandwhatwilltheagestructureofpopulationslooklikeinthefuture?AgeStructureInsomecountriesgenderdiscriminationleadstoskewedsexratiosatbirth. Howdoesthenumberofmenandwomendifferbetweencountries?Andwhy?GenderRatioLifeanddeathTheglobalaveragelifeexpectancyis73years. Theglobalinequalityislarge. Whenandwhydidtheaverageageatwhichpeopledieincreaseandhowcanwemakefurtherprogressagainstearlydeath?LifeExpectancy5.2millionchildrenyoungerthanfivedieeveryyear. Theglobalchildmortalityrateis3.8%. Whyarechildrendyingandwhatcanbedonetopreventit?ChildandInfantMortalityTheglobalaveragefertilityrateis2.4childrenperwoman. Inthelast50yearsthisratehashalved. Howdoesthenumberofchildrenvaryacrosstheworldandovertime?Whatisdrivingtherapidglobalchange?FertilityRateDistributionoftheWorldPopulation56%oftheworldpopulationliveinurbanareas. In1960itwas34%. Theworldpopulationismovingtocities.Whyisurbanizationhappeningandwhataretheconsequences?UrbanizationHealthAroundone-in-threechildrengloballysufferfromleadpoisoning. Leadpollutionisawidespreadproblemthatreceiveslittleattention.Whatisthescaleoftheproblemandhowcanwetackleit?LeadPollutionTheglobalaveragelifeexpectancyis73years. Theglobalinequalityislarge. Whenandwhydidtheaverageageatwhichpeopledieincreaseandhowcanwemakefurtherprogressagainstearlydeath?LifeExpectancy5.2millionchildrenyoungerthanfivedieeveryyear. Theglobalchildmortalityrateis3.8%. Whyarechildrendyingandwhatcanbedonetopreventit?ChildandInfantMortality295,000womendiefrompregnancy-relatedcauseseveryyear. Whatcouldbemoretragicthanamotherlosingherlifeinthemomentthatsheisgivingbirthtohernewborn?Whyaremothersdyingandwhatcanbedonetopreventthesedeaths?MaternalMortality57millionpeopledieeveryyear. Whatdotheydiefrom? Howdidthecausesofdeathchangeovertime?CausesofDeathTheglobalburdenofdiseaseislarge. Peryear2.5billionhealthylifeyearsarelostduetodiseases,accidents,andprematuredeaths Howistheburdenofdiseasedistributedandhowdiditchangeovertime?BurdenofDisease10.1millionpeoplediefromcancereveryyear. 51%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Cancersareoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathglobally.Arewemakingprogressagainstcancer?CancerAnestimated970millionpeoplehaveamentalhealthdisorder. Weprovideaglobaloverviewoftheprevalenceofdepression,anxietydisorders,bipolardisorder,eatingdisorders,andschizophrenia.MentalHealth760,000diefromsuicideperyear. 59%areyoungerthan50yearsold. Everysuicideisatragedy.Buttheycanbeprevented.SuicideHealthrisks6.7millionpeopledieprematurelyfromairpollutioneachyear. Ouroverviewonbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.AirPollution4.5millionpeopledieprematurelyfromoutdoorairpollutioneveryyear. 44%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Outdoorairpollutionisoneoftheworld’slargesthealthandenvironmentalproblems.OutdoorAirPollution2.3millionpeopledieprematurelyfromindoorairpollutioneveryyear. 58%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Indoorairpollution–causedbytheburningoffirewood,cropwaste,anddungforcookingandheating–isamajorhealthriskoftheworld’spoorest.IndoorAirPollution13%ofadultsareobese,globally. Obesityisresponsiblefor5millionprematuredeathseveryyear. Whendidobesityincrease?Howdoratesvaryacrosstheworld?Whatisthehealthimpact?Obesity7.7millionpeopledieprematurelyfromsmokingeveryyear. 46%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Tobaccosmokingisoneoftheworld’slargesthealthproblemstoday.Smoking2.4millionpeopledieprematurelyfromalcoholconsumptioneveryyear. 71%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Whoconsumesthemostalcohol?Howhasconsumptionchangedovertime?Andwhatarethehealthimpacts?AlcoholConsumption11.8millionpeopledieprematurelyfromdruguseeveryyear. Thisincludestobaccosmoking,alcoholconsumptionandillicitdruguse. Druguse–whichincludessmoking,alcohol,andillicitdruguseisoneoftheworld’slargesthealthproblemstoday.DrugUse620,000peopledieprematurelyfromillicitdruguseeveryyear. 45%areyoungerthan50yearsold. Howcommonistheuseandaddictiontoopioids,cocaine,amphetaminesandcannabis?Whatistheimpact?Opioids,cocaine,cannabisandillicitdrugsInfectiousdiseasesCOVID-19developedintoaglobalpandemic. Country-by-countrydataandresearchonthepandemic.Updateddaily.CoronavirusPandemic(COVID-19)860,000peoplediefromHIV/AIDSeachyear. 77%areyoungerthan50yearsold. Aglobalepidemicandtheleadingcauseofdeathinsomecountries.HIV/AIDS630,000peoplediefrommalariaeveryyear. 55%arechildrenyoungerthan5yearsold. Thedeadlydiseasetransmittedbymosquitoesisoneoftheleadingcausesofdeathinchildren.Howdidweeliminatethediseaseinsomeworldregionsandhowcanwecontinueprogressagainstmalaria?MalariaHumanityhasalreadyeradicatedoneseveredisease. Whichonescouldweeradicateinourlifetimesandhow?EradicationofDiseases1.5millionpeoplediefromdiarrhealdiseaseseveryyear. One-thirdarechildrenunderfiveyearsold. Diarrhealdiseasesareoneoftheleadingcauseofchilddeathswhiletheyarelargelypreventable. Howcanwecontinuetomakeprogressagainstthesediseases?DiarrhealdiseasesInthepastsmallpoxkilledmillionseveryyear. Humanityeradicatedthisinfectiousdiseaseglobally.Howwasthispossible?SmallpoxOnegenerationagopolioparalyzedhundredsofthousandsofchildreneveryyear. Nowtheworldcanpossiblyeradicateit:polioremainsendemicinonly2countries.Polio2.5millionpeoplediefrompneumoniaeveryyear. One-fourtharechildrenyoungerthanfiveyearsold. Pneumoniaistheleadingcauseofdeathforchildrenyoungerthan5years.Pneumonia35,000peoplediefromTetanuseveryyear. Halfarechildrenundertheageoffive. Tetanusisabacterialinfectionthatleadstopainfulmusclecontractionsandpossiblydeath.TetanusHealthinstitutionsandinterventionsHealthcarefundingisessentialforgoodhealth. Healthcareiskeytomakeprogressagainstpoorhealth.Howisitfinanced?FinancingHealthcare 14%ofchildrenintheworlddonotreceivebasicvaccines. Vaccinesarekeyinmakingprogressagainstinfectiousdiseasesandsavemillionsofliveseveryyear.VaccinationFoodandAgricultureMostoftheworld'sfarmersaresmallholders,withlessthantwohectaresofland Howdoesfarmsizevaryacrosstheworld?Howmuchoffarmlandisheldbysmallholders?FarmSizeNutrition9%oftheworldpopulation–660millionpeople–areundernourished. 22%ofchildrenyoungerthanfiveare‘stunted’. Whataretheconsequencesofundernourishmentandhowcanwemakeprogressagainsthungerandundernourishment?HungerandUndernourishmentAround130millionpeoplediedinfaminesduringthelast150years. Thisestimateisbasedonourhistoricalreconstructions. Inmanypartsoftheworldfamineshavebeencommoninthepast.Whatcausesfamines?Howcanfaminesbeaverted?Famines2,861kcalperdayistheglobalaveragefoodsupplyperperson. Therearelargeinequalitiesinfoodsupplyacrosscountries. Howhadtheavailabilityoffoodchangedovertime?Howdoesfoodsupplyvaryacrosstheworldtoday?FoodSupplyTheaverageyoungadultisabout5%tallertodaythan100yearsago. Humanheightgivesusanindicatorofchangesinhealthandnutritioninthepast. Theaverageheightofapopulationcaninformusaboutthenutritionandlivingconditionsofpopulationsinthepastforwhichwehavelittleotherdata.HumanHeightAnestimated2billionpeoplearedeficientinessentialmicronutrients. Foodisnotonlyasourceofenergyandprotein,butalsomicronutrients–vitaminsandminerals–whichareessentialtogoodhealth. Whoismostaffectedbythe‘hiddenhunger’ofmicronutrientdeficiency?MicronutrientDeficiencyAdiversedietisessentialforgoodnutrition. Therearelargeinequalitiesindietarydiversitybetweencountries. Whatdopeopleacrosstheworldeat?DietCompositionsThreebillionpeoplecannotaffordahealthydiet. Foodpricesareimportantforbothconsumersandfarmers. Foodneedstobeaffordableforpeople,andatthesameitisakeysourceofincomeforone-quarteroftheworld’slaborforce.FoodPrices13%ofadultsareobese,globally. Obesityisresponsiblefor5millionprematuredeathseveryyear. Whendidobesityincrease?Howdoratesvaryacrosstheworld?Whatisthehealthimpact?Obesity2.4millionpeopledieprematurelyfromalcoholconsumptioneveryyear. 71%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Whoconsumesthemostalcohol?Howhasconsumptionchangedovertime?Andwhatarethehealthimpacts?AlcoholConsumptionFoodProductionTheworldproducesmorethanenoughfoodforeveryone. Butit'sunequallydistributedacrosstheworld. Howmuchfooddocountriesproduceacrosstheworld?AgriculturalProduction26%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissionscomefromfoodproduction. 50%oftheworld'shabitablelandisusedforagriculture. Whataretheenvironmentalimpactsoffoodproduction?Howdowereducetheimpactsofagricultureontheenvironment?EnvironmentalImpactsofFoodProductionGlobalaveragecerealyieldis4tonnesperhectare. Butinmanyregionsyieldsaremuchlower. Increasingtheproductionofcropsperareaoflandisofkeyimportanceforfoodsecurity,livingstandards,anddecreasinghumanity’simpactontheenvironment.CropYields72billionanimalsareslaughteredeveryyearformeatproduction. Meatisanimportantsourceofnutritionforpeoplearoundtheworld.Howquicklyisdemandgrowing?Andwhataretheimplicationsforanimalwelfareandtheearth’senvironment?MeatandDairyProductionAgriculturalinputs27%oftheworld’slaborforceisemployedinagriculture. Oncethemajorityofhumanlaborwasdedicatedtofoodproduction.Whenandhowdidthischange?Whatistheglobaldistributionofagriculturallabortoday?EmploymentinAgriculture 50%oftheworld’shabitablelandisusedforagriculture HowishumanityusingtheEarth’sland?Andhowcanwedecreaseourlandusesothatmorelandisleftforwildlife?LandUseTheworldproducesmorethan200milliontonnesoffertilizereachyear. Fertilizerssupplyplantswithnutrientsthatareessentialforgrowth. Howimportantarefertilizers?Howdoestheirusevaryacrosstheworld?FertilizersPesticidesareoftenusedtoprotectcropyields. Therearelargedifferencesinitsuseacrosstheworld. Pesticidesareusedtoprotectplantsfromweeds,fungi,orinsects.Wherearetheyused?Whatistheirimpact?PesticidesEnergyandEnvironmentAroundone-in-threechildrengloballysufferfromleadpoisoning. Leadpollutionisawidespreadproblemthatreceiveslittleattention.Whatisthescaleoftheproblemandhowcanwetackleit?LeadPollutionGlobaltrendsinbiodiversityaremixed,butoverallit'sinsteepdecline Explorethediversityofwildlifeacrosstheplanet.Whatarespeciesthreatenedwith?Whatcanwedotopreventbiodiversityloss?BiodiversityTransportisanimportantmeasureoftechnologicalprogress Exploretrendsintransporttechnologiesandemissionsacrosstheworld.TransportAverageglobaltemperaturehasincreasedby1.2°Csincepre-industrialtimes Howareincreasinggreenhousegasemissionsaffectingtheclimate?Whataretheimplicationsforsealevelrise;seaicearea;andotherimpacts?ClimateChangeEnergy10%oftheworlddonothaveaccesstoelectricity. 40%donothaveaccesstocleanfuelsforcooking. Accesstoelectricityandcleancookingfuelsarevitalforagoodstandardoflivingandgoodhealth.AccesstoEnergyGlobalenergyproductionhasgrown2.5-foldinthepast50years. Whatenergysourcesdoestheworldrelyon?Whatisthisenergyusedfor?Andhowdoesitchangeovertime?Energy10%ofglobalprimaryenergyproductioncomesfrommodernrenewablesources. Solar,wind,hydropower,andotherrenewableenergysourcescurrentlyaccountforasmallshareofglobalenergy.Butthey’regrowingquicklyandcanplayakeyroleintacklingclimatechange.RenewableEnergy84%ofglobalprimaryenergycomesfromfossilfuels. DeathsperTWhrangefrom2.8forgasto24.6forcoal. Coal,gasandoilwerekeytoindustrializationandrisingprosperity,buttheirlargeimpactonhealthandtheclimatemeanthatweshouldtransitionawayfromthesesourcesofenergy.FossilFuelsWaste Itisestimatedthat8milliontonnesentertheworld’soceanseachyear. Theuseofplasticshasmanybenefits–itisaffordable,versatile,resistant,andcanhelpreduceotherformsofwaste–especiallyfoodwaste.However,whenpoorlymanageditcanpollutetheenvironmentandouroceans. Wheredoestheplasticinouroceanscomefromandwhatcanwedotoreduceplasticpollution?PlasticPollutionOilspillscanhavealargenegativeimpactontheenvironment. Howoftendooilspillshappen?Howdiditchangeovertime?OilSpillsAirandClimate35billiontonnesofCO₂areemittedeveryyear. Whoisemittinggreenhousegases?Whichcountriesandwhichsectors?Andwhatneedstohappentoreduceemissions?CO₂andGreenhouseGasEmissions6.7millionpeopledieprematurelyfromairpollutioneachyear. Ouroverviewonbothindoorandoutdoorairpollution.AirPollution4.5millionpeopledieprematurelyfromoutdoorairpollutioneveryyear. 44%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Outdoorairpollutionisoneoftheworld’slargesthealthandenvironmentalproblems.OutdoorAirPollution2.3millionpeopledieprematurelyfromindoorairpollutioneveryyear. 58%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Indoorairpollution–causedbytheburningoffirewood,cropwaste,anddungforcookingandheating–isamajorhealthriskoftheworld’spoorest.IndoorAirPollutionEmissionsofozone-depletinggaseshavefallenby98%. Butitwilltakedecadesfortheozonelayertorecover. Theemissionofozone-depletinggasesarethreateningtheearth’sozonelayer.Globalcollaborationandregulationaimstoreducetheemissions.Aretheseeffortssuccessful?OzoneLayerWaterOne-quarteroftheworlddonothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater Exploreglobalaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation.CleanWaterandSanitation2.1billionpeopledonothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater. That's26%oftheworldpopulation. Cleanandsafewaterisessentialforgoodhealth. Howdidaccesschangeovertime?Wheredopeoplelackaccess?CleanWater3.7billionpeopledonothaveaccesstosafelymanagedsanitation. That's46%oftheworldpopulation. Accesstosafesanitationisessentialforreducingdeathsfrominfectiousdisease,preventingmalnutritionandprovidingdignity. Whatistheglobalsituationtodayandhowcanwemakeprogress?Sanitation Globallyweuse70%offreshwaterwithdrawalsforagriculture;19%inindustry;and11%inhouseholds. Freshwaterresourcesacrosstheworldarethefocusofthisentry.Howmuchwaterdoweuse?Howdiditchangeovertime?WaterUseandStressLandandEcosystems26%ofglobalgreenhousegasemissionscomefromfoodproduction. 50%oftheworld'shabitablelandisusedforagriculture. Whataretheenvironmentalimpactsoffoodproduction?Howdowereducetheimpactsofagricultureontheenvironment?EnvironmentalImpactsofFoodProduction31%oftheworld’slandareaiscoveredbyforest. Howareforestsdistributedacrosstheworld?Howmuchdowelosetodeforestationeveryyear?ForestsandDeforestation 50%oftheworld’shabitablelandisusedforagriculture HowishumanityusingtheEarth’sland?Andhowcanwedecreaseourlandusesothatmorelandisleftforwildlife?LandUse Overthelastdecadetheannualnumberofdeathsduetonaturaldisasterswas45,000globally. Whereandfromwhichdisastersdopeopledie?Whatcanwedotopreventdeathsfromnaturaldisasters?NaturalDisastersInnovationandTechnologicalChangeTransportisanimportantmeasureoftechnologicalprogress Exploretrendsintransporttechnologiesandemissionsacrosstheworld.TransportTechnologicalprogresshasbeenkeyakeydriverofimprovedlivingstandards. Technologyisakeydriverofchangethatmattersforallthebigproblemsthatweconsiderinthispublication.TechnologicalProgressTechnologyadoptionhasbeenakeydriverofimprovedlivingconditions. Technologyhasbeenaleadingdriverofglobalchange–disruptingthewaywework,travel,andlive.Howquicklyhavedifferenttechnologiesbeenadoptedacrosstheworld?Exploreglobalandcountry-leveldataandresearchontechnologyadoption.TechnologyAdoptionPovertyandEconomicDevelopmentPublicSectorGovernmentspendinghasincreasedsignificantly,butwithlargedifferencesacrosstheworld. Whatdogovernmentsspendtheirfinancialresourceson?GovernmentSpendingTaxrevenuesaccountformorethan80%oftotalgovernmentrevenueinabouthalfofthecountriesintheworld. Andformorethan50%inalmosteverycountry. Taxesarethemostimportantsourceofgovernmentrevenue.Whoispayinghowmuchandhowdotaxsystemsdiffer?Taxation Annualmilitaryspendingamountsto2.2%ofglobalGDP. Howmuchdodifferentcountriesspendontheirmilitary?Howdiditchangeovertime?MilitarySpendingHealthcarefundingisessentialforgoodhealth. Healthcareiskeytomakeprogressagainstpoorhealth.Howisitfinanced?FinancingHealthcareFundingforeducationisgrowingacrosstheworld,butlargegapsstillexist. Howiseducationfinanced?Howmuchdowespendonit?Whatarethereturns?FinancingEducationPovertyandProsperityTheworldhasbecomemuchmoreprosperous,butinsomecountriesincomesremainverylow. Alloftoday’srichcountrieswerepoorinthepast–howdopoorcountriesbecomerich?EconomicGrowthEverytenthpersonintheworldlivesonlessthan$1.90perday. Two-thirdsoftheworldpopulationliveonlessthan$10perday. Theinternationalpovertylineof$1.90perdayfocusesontheverypoorestpeopleontheplanet.Howdidpovertychangeovertimeandhowcantheworldwinthefightagainstextremepoverty?GlobalExtremePovertyEconomicInequalityManycountrieshavehighlevelsofincomeinequality. Howareincomesdistributedandhowandwhydidthedistributionchangeovertime?IncomeInequalityInmostcountriesthegenderpaygaphasreduced,butinequalitiesarestilllargeandcommon. Whatisdeterminingtheinequalityinincomes,jobs,andwealthbetweenmenandwomen?EconomicinequalitybygenderGlobalinequalityhasfallenbutlivingconditionsarestillvastlyunequalacrosstheworld. Livingconditionsaroundtheworldarevastlyunequalandeconomicdifferencesareamajorreasonforthis.Howisthisdistributionchanging?GlobalEconomicInequalityLaborAnestimated17%ofchildrengloballywork. Whyandwheredochildrenwork?Howdidchildlaborchangeovertime?ChildLaborManypeoplehavetoworklonghourswithforverylowincomes. Howmuchtimedopeopleacrosstheworldspendworking?Howhaveworkinghourschangedovertime,andwhatdothesechangesmatterforpeople’slives?Exploredataandresearchonworkinghours.WorkingHoursWomen’slaborforceparticipationis47%globallywithlargedifferencesbetweencountries. Whatisdeterminingwhetherwomenparticipateinthelabormarket?Howisitchanging?Women’semploymentCorruptionCorruptionisacommonprobleminmanycountriesandsectors. Howcommoniscorruption?Whatimpactdoesithave?Andwhatcanbedonetoreduceit?CorruptionLivingconditions,CommunityandWellbeingTimeistheultimatelimitedresource Howdopeopleacrosstheworldspendtheirtime?Howdodailyactivitiesdifferacrosscountries,andhowdothesedifferencesmatterforpeople’slives?Exploredataandresearchontimeuse.TimeUseTheinstitutionofmarriageischangingquickly Howistheinstitutionofmarriagechanging?Whatpercentageofmarriagesendindivorce?Exploreglobaldataonmarriagesanddivorces.MarriagesandDivorcesLonelinessiscommonacrosstheworld. Familyandfriendsareimportantforourwell-being.Inthisarticleweexploredataonlonelinessandsocialconnections,andreviewavailableevidenceonthelinkbetweensocialconnectionsandwell-being.LonelinessandSocialConnectionsLifesatisfactionandhappinessvarywidelybothwithinandamongcountries. Self-reportedlifesatisfactiondifferswidelybetweenpeopleandbetweencountries.Whatexplainsthesedifferences?HappinessandLifeSatisfactionHealth,educationandlivingstandardshaveincreasedinrecentdecades,butmoreprogressisneeded. TheHDIisameasureofhumandevelopmentthatcaptureshealth,education,andincome.Howdoestheindexvaryaroundtheworld,andhowdiditchangeovertime?HumanDevelopmentIndex(HDI)Anestimated17%ofchildrengloballywork. Whyandwheredochildrenwork?Howdidchildlaborchangeovertime?ChildLaborManypeoplehavetoworklonghourswithforverylowincomes. Howmuchtimedopeopleacrosstheworldspendworking?Howhaveworkinghourschangedovertime,andwhatdothesechangesmatterforpeople’slives?Exploredataandresearchonworkinghours.WorkingHours56%oftheworldpopulationliveinurbanareas. In1960itwas34%. Theworldpopulationismovingtocities.Whyisurbanizationhappeningandwhataretheconsequences?UrbanizationTourismisanimportantsourceofincomeandemploymentformanycountries. Howmanytravelfortourism?Wheredotheygo?TourismCultureMisconceptionsaboutpastdevelopmentmeansmanyarepessimisticaboutfutureprogress. Whatispeople’soutlookonthefuture–personallyandfortheworldasawhole?OptimismandPessimismTrustlevelscanvaryalotbetweencountriesandgroupsofsociety. Trustisessentialforcommunity,wellbeing,andeffectivecooperation.Howdoestrustvarybetweendifferentsocietiesandlocationsandwhatmattersforlevelsoftrust?TrustHousingOne-quarteroftheworlddonothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater Exploreglobalaccesstocleanwaterandsanitation.CleanWaterandSanitation10%oftheworlddonothaveaccesstoelectricity. 40%donothaveaccesstocleanfuelsforcooking. Accesstoelectricityandcleancookingfuelsarevitalforagoodstandardoflivingandgoodhealth.AccesstoEnergy2.1billionpeopledonothaveaccesstosafedrinkingwater. That's26%oftheworldpopulation. Cleanandsafewaterisessentialforgoodhealth. Howdidaccesschangeovertime?Wheredopeoplelackaccess?CleanWaterHomelessnessisaproblemincountriesaroundtheworld. Howmanyarehomeless?Howdidhomelessnesschangeovertime?Homelessness2.3millionpeopledieprematurelyfromindoorairpollutioneveryyear. 58%areyoungerthan70yearsold. Indoorairpollution–causedbytheburningoffirewood,cropwaste,anddungforcookingandheating–isamajorhealthriskoftheworld’spoorest.IndoorAirPollutionManydonothavelightatnight Lightatnightwasonceexpensiveeverywhere.Insomeplacespeoplearestilllackinglightatnight,whileinotherplaceslightbecameextremelycheap.LightatNight3.7billionpeopledonothaveaccesstosafelymanagedsanitation. That's46%oftheworldpopulation. Accesstosafesanitationisessentialforreducingdeathsfrominfectiousdisease,preventingmalnutritionandprovidingdignity. Whatistheglobalsituationtodayandhowcanwemakeprogress?SanitationHumanrightsandDemocracy 71%oftheworldpopulationdonotliveindemocraticcountries. Howdemocraticistheworld?Whydocountriesbecomedemocratic?Whatistheimpactofdemocratisationonpeople’slives?DemocracyViolenceagainstchildreninvariousformshasfallen,butstilloccurstoday. Howcommonisphysicalandemotionalviolenceagainstchildren?Howdiditchangeovertime?Violenceagainstchildrenandchildren’srightsInmostcountriesthegenderpaygaphasreduced,butinequalitiesarestilllargeandcommon. Whatisdeterminingtheinequalityinincomes,jobs,andwealthbetweenmenandwomen?EconomicinequalitybygenderCorruptionisacommonprobleminmanycountriesandsectors. Howcommoniscorruption?Whatimpactdoesithave?Andwhatcanbedonetoreduceit?CorruptionHumanRightsviolationsarestillcommoninmanycountries. Fromfreedomofthepresstoracism,thisentrypresentsanoverviewofquantitativemeasuresofhumanrights.HumanRightsViolenceandWarWarandPeace Overthelastdecadetheannualnumberofbattle-relateddeathswas55,000globally. Humansarecapableofatrociouscruelty–thehistoryofwarmakesthisalltooclear.Howmanydiedinwar?Andwhataretheprospectsformakingtheworldmorepeaceful?WarandPeace Annualmilitaryspendingamountsto2.2%ofglobalGDP. Howmuchdodifferentcountriesspendontheirmilitary?Howdiditchangeovertime?MilitarySpending Overthelastdecadetheannualnumberofdeathsduetoterrorismwas22,000globally. Theattacksofterroristsreceivealotofattentionfromthemediaandoftendominatethepublicdiscourse.Howmanypeoplediefromtheseattacksandhowdiditchangeovertime?TerrorismTheworld’snuclearpowershavemorethan9,000nuclearwarheads. Theworld’snuclearpowerspossessaround9,500nuclearwarheadsintotal.Theseweaponshavethecapacitytokillhundredsofmillionsofpeopledirectly,andbillionsduetosubsequenteffectsonagriculture.NuclearWeaponsPeacekeepingoperationsareusedinconflictprevention,butarenotalwayssuccessful. Peacekeepingaimstohelpcountriestransitionfromconflicttowardspeace.Howhavepeacekeepingoperationsandforceschangedovertime?Seeglobaldataonpeacekeepingactivities.PeacekeepingViolenceViolenceagainstchildreninvariousformshasfallen,butstilloccurstoday. Howcommonisphysicalandemotionalviolenceagainstchildren?Howdiditchangeovertime?Violenceagainstchildrenandchildren’srightsGloballyaround415,000peoplediefromhomicideeachyear. Wherearepeopledyingfromhomicides?Howdidthehomicideratechangeovertime?HomicidesEducationandKnowledgeGlobaleducationhasimprovedoverrecentdecades,butmuchmoreprogressispossible. Theoverviewofourresearchonglobaleducation.GlobalEducationEducationaloutcomes 14%oftheworldpopulationareilliterate. Beingabletoreadandwriteopensuptheworldofeducationandknowledge. Whenandwhydidmorepeoplebecomeliterate?Howcanprogresscontinue?LiteracySchoolsoftendonotliveuptotheirpromise:inmanyschoolschildrenlearnverylittle. Howdolearningoutcomesdifferbetweencountries?Howhasthequalityofeducationchangedovertime?QualityofEducationAccesstoEducationManychildrenhaveveryfewopportunitiesinlearningbeforeprimaryeducation. Accesstoeducationearlyinlifecanimproveoutcomesfortherestoflife.Howdoespre-primaryeducationdifferbetweencountriesandhowdiditchangeovertime?Pre-PrimaryEducation58millionchildrenofprimaryschoolagearenotinschool. 202millionchildrenofsecondaryschoolagearenotinschool. Howdoesaccesstoschooldifferaroundtheworld?Howdoesitbetweenboysandgirls?Andhowdiditchangeovertime?PrimaryandSecondaryEducationGlobally36%ofthosewithin5yearsofsecondaryeducationareenrolledintertiaryeducation. Whendidaccesstouniversitiesandtertiaryeducationincrease?Howdoesitdifferbetweencountries?TertiaryEducationInputstoeducationFundingforeducationisgrowingacrosstheworld,butlargegapsstillexist. Howiseducationfinanced?Howmuchdowespendonit?Whatarethereturns?FinancingEducationManyteachersacrosstheworlddonotreceivesufficienttraining. Aglobaloverviewofteachingprofessionals.Howmanyteachersarethere?Atwhatleveldotheyteach?Whataretheirqualifications?TeachersandProfessorsMediaBookpublicationhasbeenakeydriverofknowledge-sharingandeducation. Bookshavebeenatthecenterofscienceandtheartsforcenturies.Theirhistoryandrelevanceisthefocusofthisentry.Books 50%oftheworldpopulationarenotonline. Formany,theinternetisnowessentialforwork,findinginformation,andconnectingwithothers. Howdidhalftheworldgetonlineinjustonegeneration?Andwhatarethechallengesahead?InternetOurWorldinDataisfreeandaccessibleforeveryone.Helpusdothisworkbymakingadonation.Donatenow