Korean drama - Wikipedia

Korean dramas more popularly known as K-dramas, are television series in the Korean language, made in South Korea. They are popular worldwide, especially in ... Koreandrama FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Televisionprogramgenre Thisarticleneedsadditionalcitationsforverification.Pleasehelpimprovethisarticlebyaddingcitationstoreliablesources.Unsourcedmaterialmaybechallengedandremoved.Findsources: "Koreandrama" – news ·newspapers ·books ·scholar ·JSTOR(September2021)(Learnhowandwhentoremovethistemplatemessage) Koreandramas(Korean: 한국드라마;RR:Hangukdeurama),morepopularlyknownasK-dramas,aretelevisionseriesintheKoreanlanguage,madeinSouthKorea. Theyarepopularworldwide,especiallyinAsia,partiallyduetothespreadofKoreanpopularculture(the"KoreanWave"),andtheirwidespreadavailabilityviastreamingserviceswhichoftenoffersubtitlesinmultiplelanguages.[citationneeded]ManyK-dramashavebeenadaptedthroughouttheworld,andsomehavehadgreatimpactinothercountries.[citationneeded]Someofthemostfamousdramashavebeenbroadcastviatraditionaltelevisionchannelsinothercountries.Forexample,DaeJangGeum(2003)wassoldto150countries.[1] Koreandramashaveattractedinternationalattentionfortheirfashion,styleandculture.Theirriseinpopularityhasledtoagreatboosttofashionlines.However,variousKoreandramashavealsobeencriticizedfortheirattemptstotakeadvantageofsuchpopularitytodistort,rewriteorwhitewashKorea'shistory,especiallyduringSouthKorea'sdictatorshipregimesorthenation'shistoricalperiods.[2][3]AstheyconstituteanimportantaspectofSouthKorea'ssoftpowerprojectionto"brandandpublicize"thecountry,someK-dramashavealsobeencriticizedbyKoreannationalistswhofeeltheydonotadequately"glorifythenation"enough.[4] Contents 1Format 1.1Plotsandstorylines 1.2Historical 1.3Romance 2History 2.1Earlyyears 2.21980s–2010s 2.32020s-present 3Production 3.1Filmmakingprocess 3.2Productioncompanies 4Crew 4.1Actorsandactresses 4.2Scriptwritersanddirectors 5Music 6Ratingsystem 7Reception 7.1Internationalreception 7.1.1EastAsia 7.1.1.1China 7.1.1.2Japan 7.1.1.3Mongolia 7.1.1.4NorthKorea 7.1.1.5Taiwan 7.1.2SoutheastAsia 7.1.2.1Brunei 7.1.2.2Cambodia 7.1.2.3Indonesia 7.1.2.4Laos 7.1.2.5Malaysia 7.1.2.6Myanmar 7.1.2.7Philippines 7.1.2.8Singapore 7.1.2.9Thailand 7.1.2.10Vietnam 7.1.3SouthAsia 7.1.3.1Bangladesh 7.1.3.2Bhutan 7.1.3.3India 7.1.3.4Nepal 7.1.3.5SriLanka 7.1.4MiddleEastandNorthAfrica 7.1.4.1Iran 7.1.4.2Iraq 7.1.4.3Egypt 7.1.5Europe 7.1.5.1Romania 7.1.6NorthAmerica 7.1.6.1USA 7.1.7SouthAmerica 7.1.7.1Chile 8Ratingsandviewership 8.1Listofhighest-ratedseriesonterrestrialtelevision 8.1.1Byhouseholdrating 8.1.2Byviewers 8.2Listofhighest-ratedseriesoncabletelevision 8.2.1Byhouseholdrating 8.2.2Byviewers 9Seealso 10Footnotes 11References 12Bibliography Format[edit] YonginDaejanggeumPark,afilmingsitewherehistoricaldramasforMunhwaBroadcastingCorporationareproduced AsingledirectorusuallyleadsKoreandramas,whichareoftenwrittenbyasinglescreenwriter.Thisoftenleadstoeachdramahavingdistinctdirectinganddialoguestyles.ThisdiffersfromAmericantelevisionseries,whichcanrelyonmultipledirectorsandwritersworkingtogether.[5] The19:00to21:00eveningtimeslotusuallyhavebeenreservedfordailydramas,whichruneverynightfromMondaythroughFriday.Dramasintheseslotsareinthetelenovelaformat,rarelyrunningover150episodes.UnlikeAmericansoapoperas,thesedailydramasarenotbroadcastduringthedaytime.Instead,thedaytimescheduleoftenincludesrerunsoftheflagshipdramas.Thenighttimedailiescanachieveveryhighratings.Duringthelate2000s,forexample,theweekendseriesFirstWives'Clubrecorded41.3%,accordingtoTNSKorea,[6]andtheeveningseriesTemptationofWifepeakedat40.6%,accordingtoTNSKorea.[7] Plotsandstorylines[edit] K-dramashaveamultitudeofdifferentgenressuchasactiondramas,historicaldramas,schooldramas,medicaldramas,legaldramas,orevenhorrorcomedies.Whilemostdramascarryromanticelementsanddeepemotionalthemes,therearevariousstylesandtones.[8] ThemainthemesofKoreantelevisiondramasarefriendship,familyvalues,andlove,blendingtraditionalvaluesofConfucianismwithWesternmaterialismandindividualism.[9] However,itisanemergingtrendamongstKoreandramastoshowcaseongoingsocietalissuesofKoreansocietysuchasstigmaofmentalillness,[10]genderinequality,suicide,classism,bullying,spycameras,corruption,homophobiaorracism.[11] Historical[edit] Mainarticle:Sageuk ThetermsageukreferstoanyKoreantelevisionorfilmdramathatiseitherbasedonhistoricalfigures,incorporateshistoricalevents,orusesahistoricalbackdrop.Whilesageukliterallytranslatesto"historicaldrama",thetermistypicallyreservedfordramastakingplacethroughoutthecourseofKoreanhistory.[12] Sincethemid-2000s,somesageukshaveachievedmajorsuccessoutsideofKorea,inplacessuchasAsia-Pacific,CentralAsia,GreaterMiddleEast,CentralandEasternEuropeandLatinAmerica.[13]SageuksincludingDaeJangGeum(JewelinthePalace),YiSan(LeeSan,Windofthepalace)andJumongenjoyedstrongratingsincountriessuchVietnam,Uzbekistan,Kazakhstan,FijiandIran.Jumong,whichairedonIRIB(IslamicRepublicofIranBroadcasting)in2008,had85%viewership.[14] Romance[edit] Oftencenteredaroundalovestory,seriessetincontemporarytimesoftenfocusonfamilytiesandromanticrelationships.CharactersaremostlyidealizedwithKoreanmaleprotagonistsdescribedashandsome,intelligent,emotional,andinsearchof"onetruelove".ThishasalsobeenacontributingfactortothepopularityofKoreandramasamongwomen.[5][15][16][17] History[edit] Earlyyears[edit] Radiobroadcasting,includingthebroadcastingofradiodramasinKorea,beganin1927underJapaneserule,withmostprogramminginJapaneseandaround30%inKorean.[18]AftertheKoreanWar,radiodramassuchasCheongsilhongsil(1954)reflectedthecountry'smood.[19] Televisionbroadcastingbeganin1956withthelaunchofanexperimentalstation,HLKZ-TV,whichwasshutdownafewyearslaterduetoafire.ThefirstnationaltelevisionchannelwasKoreanBroadcastingSystem(KBS),whichstartedupin1961.[20]ThefirstKoreantelevisionfilmwasa15-minutepiecetitledTheGateofHeaven(천국의문,Cheonguguimun),onHLKZ-TV.[21] ThefirsttelevisionserieswasairedbyKBSin1962.Theircommercialcompetitor,TongyangBroadcasting(TBC),hadamoreaggressiveprogrampolicyandairedcontroversialdramasaswell.[22]ThefirsthistoricalTVseriesairedwasGuktomanri(국토만리),directedbyKimJae-hyeong(김재형),depictingtheGoryeoera.[23][24]Inthe1960s,televisionsetswereoflimitedavailability,thusdramascouldnotreachalargeraudience.[25] Inthe1970s,televisionsetsstartedtospreadamongthegeneralpopulation,anddramasswitchedfromportrayingdramatichistoricalfigurestointroducingnationalheroeslikeYiSun-shinorSejongtheGreat.[25]Contemporaryseriesdealtwithpersonalsufferings,suchasKimSoo-hyun'sinfluentialStepmother(새엄마,Saeeomma),airedbyMBCin1972and1973.[26]Astechnologyandfundingwaslimited,Koreanchannelscouldnotmakeseriesinresource-heavygenreslikeactionandsciencefiction;Americanandotherforeignserieswereimportedinstead.[27] 1980s–2010s[edit] ChaeShi-ra,theleadingactressofEyesofDawn(1991)ActressLeeYoung-aeplayedthetitularDaeJangGeumintheseriesofthesamename. The1980ssawachangeinKoreantelevision,ascolorTVbecameavailable.Moderndramastriedtoevokenostalgiafromurbandwellersbydepictingrurallife.KimSoo-hyun'sfirstrealcommercialsuccess,LoveandAmbition(사랑과야망,Saranggwayamang),airedonMBCin1987andisregardedasamilestoneofKoreantelevision,[28]havingrecordeda78%viewership."Streetsbecamequietataroundtheairingtimeofthedramaas'practicallyeveryoneinthecountry'wasathomeinfrontoftheTV",accordingtoTheKoreaTimes.[19]Themostoutstandingclassicalhistoricalseriesoftheeraisconsideredtobe500YearsofJoseon(조선왕조500년,Joseonwangjo500nyeon),aserialthatranforeightyears,consistingof11separateseries.TheserialwasproducedbyLeeByung-hoon,wholaterdirectedoneofthebiggestinternationalsuccessesofKoreandrama,DaeJangGeum.[23][25][28]The1990sbroughtanotherimportantmilestoneforKoreantelevision.Astechnologydeveloped,newopportunitiesarose,andthebeginningofthedecademarkedthelaunchofanewcommercialchannel;SeoulBroadcastingSystem(SBS),whichfacilitatedandre-initiatedaraceforcatchingviewers'attention.[29]ThefirstrealcommercialsuccessamongKoreantelevisionserieswasEyesofDawn(여명의눈동자,Yeomyeonguinundongja),airedin1991byMBC,starringChaeShi-raandChoiJae-sung.TheseriesledtheviewersthroughturbulenttimesfromtheJapaneseruletotheKoreanWar.[29]NewchannelSBSalsoproducedsuccessfulseries,oneofthembeingSandglassin1995.Sandglasswasa"trendydrama",whichtheKoreanCultureandInformationServiceconsidersanimportantmilestone,havingchangedthewayKoreandramasaremadebyintroducinganewformat.[29]Inthisdecade,thenewminiseriesformatbecamewidespread,with12to24episodes.[30]ThiseramarkedthestartofexportforKoreandramas,settingofftheKoreanWave. Thebeginningyearsofthe2000sgavebirthtofamousKoreandramasandalsomarkedtheperiodofoverseasdistribution.SomepopularonesareFullHouse,AutumninmyheartandWinterSonata.Itmarksthebirthofanewgenre,called"fusionsageuk",essentiallychangingthewaystoproducehistoricalseries,withsuccessfulpiecessuchasHurJun,DamoandDaeJangGeum.[23] Itstartedtotakeoverthepopularityofconventionaldramasamong10sand20sbecausetheshorterruntime,andoftenfeaturetrendycontentswhichteenagersareeasytosympathizewith.[31] 2020s-present[edit] Thelate2010sand2020ssawnewfoundattentionofK-dramasfrominternationalmarkets.[32]NetflixhadbegunseekingproductionsfromSouthKoreaandothercountriessincearound2018toexpandofferingsfortheirservicewithagrowinginternationalaudience.TheseeffortscametofruitionwhenHwangDong-hyuk'sSquidGamedrewinmorethan111millionviewerswithin17daysofitsreleasedinSeptember2021,becomingtheservice'smost-watchedprogram.[32] Inthe2020s,severalproductioncompaniesbegantoproducedramasevenbeforethefirstseasonwasaired,keepinginmindtheseasonsystem.ThemostrepresentativeseriesisThePenthouse:WarinLifeseries,whichgainedsensationalpopularityasitairedoverthreeseasons.ThebiggestreasonwhyKoreandramasintroducedtheseasonsystemisinterpretedaschangesintheindustryduetothe52-hourworkweek,viewers'rejectionoffeature-lengthdramas,andexcessivesupplyofdramas.[33]Atthesametime,MBCandtvN'sanomalousorganizationbegantobecriticizedalot.tvNextendedoneepisodeofthedramato2hoursand20minutes.delayingittothelatenightofanotherdrama.Inparticular,therunningtimeofthelastepisodeofHospitalPlaylistwasclosetothreehours,buteventhoughitwasreducedafterediting,itdelayedtheformationofthenextTheRoad:TheTragedyofOnetolatenightasitpassedtwohours.[34]andMBCcanceledtelenovelaTheSecondHusbandandreranthethrillerTheVeilatthattime.[35][36][37][38] Production[edit] Koreanserieswereoriginallyproducedin-housebythetelevisionchannelsthemselves,buthavebeenoutsourcedtoindependentcompaniessincethe2000s.In2012,asmuchas75%ofallK-dramaswereproducedthisway.Competitionisfierceamongthesecompanies;outof156registeredfirms,only34ofthemproduceddramasthatwereactuallyairedin2012.[39] Inthelate2010s,atypicalKoreandramamaycostasmuchas₩700millionperepisode.Historicaldramashaveabiggerbudget;oneepisodeofthehistoricalromanceTheRedSleevecostasmuchas₩950million.[40]Recently,factorssuchasimprovingtheworkenvironment,alongwithwhethertosigncontractswithdomesticandforeignOTTcompaniessuchasNetflixhaveservedasvariables.Forexample,Kingdomhadabudgetof₩2billionperepisode,while₩3billionwerespentoneachepisodeofSweetHome.[39][41][42][43] Often,productioncompaniesoverruntheirbudgetsandcannotpaysalaries.In2012,actorsheldademonstrationinfrontoftheheadquartersofKBS,expressingtheirconcerns.Actorsareusuallypaidafterthelastepisodeisaired.Inseriesmadebysmallerproductioncompanies,therehavebeencaseswherethecompanieswentbankruptandcouldnotpaytheiractorsandcrew,whilethechanneldeniedallresponsibility,claimingallliabilitywaswiththebankruptproductionfirm.[44]ProducerKimJong-hakspent₩10billiononFaith,whichwasconsideredacommercialfailure,resultingintheinabilityofKimtopaycrewsalariesandotheroverheads.Kim,whohadproducediconicdramassuchasEyesofDawnandSandglass,committedsuicideafterhewasaccusedofembezzlement.[45][46] Thebiggeststarsmayearnmorethan₩200millionperepisode,withKimSoo-hyun,theleadofhitdramasMoonEmbracingtheSun(2012),MyLovefromtheStar(2013)andIt'sOkaytoNotBeOkay(2020)reportedlyreceiving₩500millionperepisodeforOneOrdinaryDayin2021.[47] Filmmakingprocess[edit] SongJoong-kiofDescendantsoftheSunandVincenzoisconsideredatopstar.KimSoo-hyunincostumeforthehistoricalseriesMoonEmbracingtheSun.HeisoneofthemostpopularKoreanactors.[48][49] Asproducingaseriesinvolveshighexpenses,productioncompaniesseektoshoottheepisodesintheshortesttimepossible.Incontrasttopracticeselsewhere,thefirstfourepisodesofKoreanseriesareusuallyshotinadvance,buttherestareshotcontinuouslyastheseriesisbeingaired.Scriptsarenotfinishedinadvance,andmaychangeaccordingtoviewerfeedbackandviewershipratings,wherepopularcharactersreceiveincreasedscreentimeandplotlinesarechangedtomatchaudienceexpectations.[50]Thesechangesmayoccurafewhoursbeforedailyshooting,andthecrewmightreceiveonlyafewreadypages.Theproductionusuallyworkswiththreecameracrews,whoworkinarotatingmannertospeedupfilming.Becauseofunregulatedscriptchangesandtightshootingschedules,actorsarealmostcontinuouslyonstandby,andhavenotimetoleavethesetorsleepproperly.TheKoreanmediahaveaseparatewordtodescribeirregular,shortsleepsthatactorsresortto,inoftenuncomfortablepositions,orwithintheset:jjok-jam(쪽잠),or"side-sleeping".Dramasusuallyairontwodayseveryweek,withfollowingepisodeshavingtobeshotwithintheinterveningfivedays.SomeKoreanactorshaveadmittedtoreceivingIVtherapyduringfilming,duetoextremeschedulesandexhaustion.[44][51][52]Nonetheless,thelive-shootmodelremainswidelyusedsincetheproductionteamcanreacttorealtimeaudiencefeedback.[50] Productionteamsoriginallysenttwotapestothechannels;aprimarycopyandabackupcopy.However,duetothetightfilmingschedules,a70-minuteepisodemightarriveatthebroadcastingstationonsevenseparatetapesinten-minuteinstallments.Ithappenedthatwhiletheepisodeisbeingbroadcast,thecrewwouldbestillshootingthelastminutesorcuttingtherestoftheepisode.DuringtheairingofthenineteenthepisodeofManfromtheEquator,screenscountrywidewentblackfor10minutes.ActorKwonSang-woowasopenlycomplainingthathewasstillshootingKingofAmbition30minutesbeforethelastepisodebeganairing.[44]InSouthKorea,someproductionteamsstilldoplanningandschedulingmanually,insteadofusingdedicatedsoftware.[53] In2016,dramassuchasDescendantsoftheSun,UncontrollablyFond,MoonLovers:ScarletHeartRyeoandHwarang:ThePoetWarriorYouthwereallpre-producedbeforeairing.Nonetheless,somepre-producedepisodesareoftenre-editedorevenreshotthedayofairing,duetoaudiencefeedback.[50] Thelargerbroadcastingcompanieshavetheirowndedicatedshootinglocationsforhistoricaldramas,withextensiveandelaboratesets.MBC'sseriesareshotattheYonginDaejanggeumParkinGyeonggiProvince,[54]whileKBSdramasutilizetheMungyeongsaejaeStudio(문경새재KBS촬영장)inNorthGyeongsangProvince[55]andtheirstudioinSuwon.[56] Productioncompanies[edit] Seealso:Category:TelevisionproductioncompaniesofSouthKorea Independentproductioncompaniesareclassifiedasfollows:[citationneeded] Thosefoundedand/orownedbyindustryveterans(e.g.KimJong-hakProduction,LogosFilm,iWillMedia)[citationneeded] Ownedbythebroadcastcompanies(e.g.StudioS,MonsterUnion,MBCC&I,JTBCStudios)[citationneeded] Ownedbyentertainmentcompanies(e.g.StudioDragon,LOTTECULTUREWORKS,SMLifeDesignGroup,YGSTUDIOPLEX,studio&NEW,StudioSantaClausEntertainment)[citationneeded] Big-tier(e.g.PanEntertainment,ChorokbaemMedia)[citationneeded] Small-tier[clarificationneeded] Crew[edit] Actorsandactresses[edit] Furtherinformation:ListofSouthKoreanactressesandListofSouthKoreanmaleactors Inthe2000s,itbecamecustomarytocastpopularK-popidolsindramas.Initially,thisgeneratedmixedreactions.[citationneeded]Theirappearancehadprovokedpredominantlynegativereactionsoutsidetheirfandombecausesingersanddancersactingoutsideoftheirmusicalcirclewasregardedasunprofessional.Also,someidolswerecriticizedforpooracting.[citationneeded]Nowadays,thishasbecomemuchmorecommonfeatureinKoreandramas,asthepublichasbeengettingmoreusedtotheconceptof"idolactors"andsomeidolshavebecomeknownfortheirexcellentactingskills.[57]Theircriticalreceptionisstillmixed,however,someofthem,likeBaeSuzy,IU,SeoIn-guk,Blackpink'sJisoo,OkTaec-yeon,ParkJin-young,DohKyung-sooandImYoon-ah,becamesuccessfulasactorsandactresses.[58][59][60] Therewerealsoinstancesofchildrentakingupcareersaschildactorsoractresses,usuallyportrayingeithertheyoungerversionsofsomecharactersorthechildrenoftheadultcharactersfromdramas.[citationneeded]Subsequently,thereweresomechildactorsandactresseswhocontinuepursuingactingcareersevenafterreachingadulthood,andwithsomeachievingsuccessevenafteradulthood.[citationneeded]Notably,suchpeopleincludeactorslikeYoonChan-young,ParkSolomon,YooSeung-hoandYeoJin-goo;andactresseslikeKimSo-hyun,LeeSe-young,NamJi-hyun,KimHyang-gi,MoonGeun-young,ParkShin-hye,KimSae-ronandKimYoo-jung.[61] Scriptwritersanddirectors[edit] ScriptwritersanddirectorsofKoreandramasareoftenaswellknownasactorsare.Anoverwhelmingmajorityofscriptwriters(90%accordingtotheBeijingMetroReader)arewomen,whonotonlywritelovestoriesbutactionseriesaswell.[62]ComparedtoKoreancinema,televisionismoreappealingforscriptwritersascontractconditionsarebetter,acknowledgmentisgreater,andthesalaryishigher. Famousscriptwriterstendtohaveasayintheirfield.[63]Themostwell-knownscriptwritersincludetheHongsisters,whowrotepopularseriessuchasMyGirl,You'reBeautifulandMyGirlfriendIsaGumiho;KimSoon-ok,thescreenwriterofThePenthouse:WarinLife,TheLastEmpress,BandofSisters,JangBo-riisHere!andTemptationofWife;KimEun-sook,thescreenwriterofLoversinParis,SecretGarden,TheHeirs,DescendantsoftheSunandGuardian:TheLonelyandGreatGod;LeeKyung-hee,famousforI'mSorry,ILoveYouandTheInnocentMan;malewriterChoiWan-kyu [ja]ofMidasandTriangle;NohHee-kyung,theauthorofThatWinter,theWindBlows;andIt'sOkay,That'sLove;andParkJi-eun,whowroteMyHusbandGotaFamily,MyLovefromtheStar,TheProducers,LegendoftheBlueSeaandCrashLandingonYou.[64]Inparticular,writerKimSoon-okisfamousforcaptivatingmaleviewerswhodidnotwatchdramaswell.[65]In2021,anarticlecalled"KimSoon-ok,KimEun-sook,andKimEun-hee"wasalsopublished,referringtostarwriters.[66] AcknowledgedTVdirectorsincludeLeeByung-hoon,whodirectedHurJun,DaeJangGeumandYiSan;[23]KimJong-hak,thedirectorofEyesofDawn,Sandglass,TheLegendandFaith;,[67]PyoMin-soo [ko],thedirectorofFullHouse,WorldsWithinandIrisII[68]andJangTae-yoowhodirectedWarofMoney,PainteroftheWind,DeepRootedTree,MyLovefromtheStarandHyena.[69]Inrecentyears,directorJoHyun-takwasalsopropelledtofamethroughhisworksSkyCastle,whichbecameoneofthehighestrateddramasinKoreancabletelevisionhistory,[70]andSnowdrop,which,despiteitsallegedhistoricaldistortions,wasrankedfirstamongthemost-watchedseriesonDisney+inAsiancountrieslikeSingaporeandSouthKorea.[71] Whilescriptwritersaremostlywomen,directorsareusuallymen.[72]Somefemaledirectorshaverisentoprominence,suchasLeeNa-jeong(이나정),whodirectedTheInnocentMan,[73]andLeeYun-jeong(이윤정),whosemostfamousworksareCoffeePrinceandHearttoHeart.ThelatterdirectorisalsothefirstfemaletelevisionproduceremployedbyMunhwaBroadcastingCorporation(MBC).[74] Music[edit] BalladeerBaekJi-younghasbeennamed"OSTQueen"afterprovidingthesongsforseveralhitdramassuchasSecretGarden(2010)andLoveintheMoonlight(2016). MusicplaysanimportantroleinKoreandramas.Originalsoundtracks,abbreviatedOST's,areexplicitlymadeforeachseries,andincontrasttoAmericanseries,fanshaveaneedtobuythesoundtrackalbumofdramas.Thistrendstartedinthe1990s,whenproducersswappedpurelyinstrumentalsoundtracksforsongsperformedbypopularK-popsingers.TomLarsen,directorofYAEntertainment,adistributorofKoreanTVseries,thinksthatKoreansoundtracksarepolishedenoughmusicallytobeconsideredstandalonehits.[75] Duringthe2000s,itbecamecustomaryforleadactorstoparticipateinoriginalsoundtracks,alsopartiallyduetotheemploymentofK-popstarsasactors.ActorLeeMin-ho,andleaderofboybandSS501,KimHyun-joongbothrecordedsongsforBoysOverFlowers,whiletheactorsofYou'reBeautifulformedafictionalbandandheldconcerts,wheretheyperformthesoundtrackslive.[76][77][78] OSTsongsofpopularK-dramascanalsobecomehitsonregularmusiccharts,withgoodsalesofbothphysicalanddigitalalbums.ThechartperformanceoftheOSTsongsusuallyco-relatetothepopularityofthedrama.SongsfromtheOSTofSecretGardenforexample,hadhighdigitalsalesandhighrankingsonmusiccharts.[79]MyDestiny,performedbyLynforMyLovefromtheStar,ledmusicchartsinHongKong,Taiwan,SouthKorea,andotherAsiancountries.[80]ItalsowontheBestOSTawardatthe2014BaeksangArtsAwards.[81]ThesoundtrackalbumofYou'reBeautifulsold57,000physicalcopies.[82]PerformersofOSTsongsforactionseriesIrisheldtwoconcertsinJapaninfrontofanaudienceof60,000people.[83] AlthoughthesongsinKoreandramasmayhaveonlyaselectivefeworarerepetitive,thechoosingofthesongsarenotthateasyofaprocess.AnexampleofthiscanbefoundintheOSTfortheKoreandrama:Guardian:TheLonelyandGreatGod.SongsusuallyaremadetoconveyemotionsorscenesespeciallyindramasandtheemotionwasassignedtobeconveyedbyRocoberrywassufferingandbeauty.RocoberryisaKoreanindiepopduowiththemembersofRocoandconanandtheyarefamousforcomposingsongsinKoreandramas.Eventhoughtheyhadquitetheexperiencewithcomposingsongs,forGuardian:TheLonelyandGreatGod,theyhadtocreate12differentcompositionsforthisdramauntilfinallyoneoftheirmostfamoussongsIWillGotoYouLiketheFirstSnowwaschosen.Notonlydidittake12compositionsforthissongtobechosenbutaftertheapprovalofthissongs,therehadtobe7rewritesuntilitwasfinallycompleteandmetthesatisfactionstandardsoftheproductionteam.linkThesongwasusedinonlytwoepisodesdespitethehardprocess.Thesongwasplacedintwoscenesthatlateronwereshowntobeconnectedtoeachotherandalsobecamesomeofthemostimportantscenesinthedrama.Thisisonlythebeginningofunderstandinghowmuchtimeandeffortgoesintothechoosingofsongsforthesetypesofdramasandhowtheycanenhanceasceneinmanydifferentways.[84] OSTcomposersusuallylookforsingerswhohavepreviouslyhadsuccessinthegenre.Songsarewrittentoreflectthemoodoftheseriesandtheirstructure.Sometimesperformersgivetheirownsongsforaseries.Forexample,BaekJi-youngthoughthersongThatMan,originallywrittenforherownalbum,wouldfitSecretGarden.TherearepopularOSTsingerswhoareoftenemployed,likeBaekJi-young,Lyn,andLeeSeung-cheol.[85]Sometimes,foreignsingersareinvitedtoperformsongsforKoreanOST.Forinstance,SwedishartistLasseLindhsangseveralsongsforserieslikeAngelEyes,SoulMate,INeedRomance,andGuardian:TheLonelyandGreatGod. Ratingsystem[edit] Furtherinformation:Televisioncontentratingsystems§ SouthKorea ThetelevisionratingsystemisregulatedbytheKoreaCommunicationsCommission,andwasimplementedin2000.Accordingtothesystem,programs,includingKoreandramas,areratedaccordingtothefollowingprinciples(ratingsirrelevanttodramasareomitted):[86] :programsthatmaybeinappropriateforchildrenunder12,suchasmildviolence,suggestivethemesorlanguage. :programsthatmaybeinappropriateforchildrenunder15.Mostdramasandtalkshowsareratedthisway.Theseprogramsmayincludemoderateorstrongadultthemes,language,sexualinference,andviolence. :programsintendedforadultsonly.Theseprogramsmightincludeadultthemes,sexualsituations,frequentuseofstronglanguageanddisturbingscenesofviolence. Reception[edit] Thisarticlemaycontainindiscriminate,excessive,orirrelevantexamples.Pleaseimprovethearticlebyaddingmoredescriptivetextandremovinglesspertinentexamples.SeeWikipedia'sguidetowritingbetterarticlesforfurthersuggestions.(March2022) Thissectionmaybetoolongandexcessivelydetailed.Pleaseconsidersummarizingthematerialwhilecitingsourcesasneeded.(March2022) PrincessHoursteddybearexhibitionatNSeoulTower,2012 AccordingtoaresearcherattheUniversityofVienna,popularityofKoreandramashavetheirfoundationinConfucianvaluestheytransmit,whichAsianviewerscaneasilyidentifywith.Respectforelders,filialpiety,family-orientedness,andthedisplayofperceived"Asianmoralvalues"playanimportantroleinKoreanseries.[87]YAEntertainment,theAmericandistributorofKoreandramas,believesthatpartoftheattractivenessoftheseseriescomefromthequalityofcamerawork,sceniclocations,andspectacularcostumes,whichmakethe"finalproductverystylishandattractive,witharguablysomeofthehighestTVproductionvaluesintheworld."[88]Koreanseriesfollowtheirownformula,areinnovativeanddon'tconformtoWesterntelevisionproductions.[88]StephanLeefromEntertainmentWeeklycalledKoreandramas"fascinatingandweirdlycomforting".[89] ExportsofKoreanseriesyieldedUS$37.5millionin2003,whichwasthreetimeshigherthantheamountreachedin1999.[90]AccordingtodatafromKoreaCreativeContentAgency,in2013K-dramasconstituted82%oftheculturecontentexportofSouthKorea,withanincomeof$167million,whichisfourtimesmorethanadecadebefore.[53] Adrivingforcebehindtherisingpopularityistheintenseinvolvementoffans.Becauseofthelive-shootingproductionofK-dramas,Korean-speakingfanshavetheopportunitytoparticipateintheircreation[91]—auniquephenomenoninthemassmediaworld.Theycaninfluencethecontentoflatershowsintheseriesthroughcomplaintsandsuggestions,whicharefrequentlyadoptedbytheproductionteams.[92] Theglobalcommunityofnon-Korean-speakingfans,ontheotherhand,ismoreinvolvedintheconsumptionaspects:Fanssharetheiropinionsthroughtweetsandcommentsonnewsgroups(forexample,theSoompidiscussionforum)aswellasreviewsandrecapsonwebsitesandblogs.However,theimpactoftheirsocialmediaactivitygoesbeyondthefancommunity.ItspreadsthewordabouttheK-dramagenretosocialconnectionslikeacquaintances,friendsandfamily(e.g.FacebookfriendsorfollowersonTwitter)andtherebygenerallyraisesitspopularity.Butitalsohasaneffectonthecreationofnewdramas.Itinfluencesthepopularityofcertaindramas,leadingtohigherdemandforthosevideosfromstreamingsitesandadditionalincomeforbroadcasters.Whenasubstantialprofitresults,itraisesnotonlytheprestigeofpeopleinvolvedintheproduction[93]butalsoprovidesfeedbackforproductionteamsandindirectlyinfluencesfutureproductions. Internationalreception[edit] EastAsia[edit] WonBingainedwidepopularityin2000afterstarringinthetelevisiondramaAutumninMyHeartandhassincegainedcriticalacclaimforhisperformancesinthefilmsTaegukgi,MotherandTheManfromNowhere.[94][95][96][97] China[edit] InChina,SouthKoreanprogramsonChinesegovernmentTVnetworksaccountedformorethanallotherforeignprogramscombinedin2006.[98]HongKonghasitsownchannelforairingKoreandramas,TVBJ2,butATValsoairsKoreanseriesinprime-timeslots.[99]MyLovefromtheStarreceivedenthusiasticfeedbackfromChina.Itwasviewed40billiontimesonnumerousChinesevideosites.[100]ThedramaalsospurredinterestaboutKorea,shownbyChina'sincreasedconsumptionofKoreanproductssuchasChiMaek(chickenandbeer)andKoreancosmetics.[101]DuetothesuccessofKoreandramasinChina,somedramashavebeencompiledtocreatefeature-lengthfilmsbycombiningallepisodesintoonefilm.TheprodigiouspopularityofKoreandramasinthecountryhas,onsomeoccasions,beencaughtinthecrossfireoverdiplomaticissuesbetweenChinaandSouthKorea.MostnotablebeingtheTHAADdeploymentinSouthKoreawhichresultedintheblockingofKoreandramasonstreamingservicesacrossthecountryinlateFebruary2017.[102]Followingtheblock,ChineseTVshowsshowcasingChinesecultureandothersimilarcontentreplacedKoreancontentonTVnetworks'primetimeschedulesinthecountry.[103]InNovember2017,thebanwasliftedunannouncedfollowingtheappearanceofKpopgroupsonnationalTVandthemovetoresumeimportationofKoreandramasbyChinesestreamingservices.[104]InChina,appslikeIQiyi,whichiscurrentlyalsoavailableinMalaysia,Singapore,Taiwanandsomeothercountriesinmultipledifferentsubtitles,areavailabletostreamanddownloadKoreandramasforviewing. Japan[edit] ThefirstKoreandramatogainwidespreadpopularityinJapanwasWinterSonata,whichwasbroadcastontheNHKsatellitechannelNHKBS2in2003.Theprogramwasairedtwiceinthesameyearduetohighdemandfromviewers.[17]NHKalsohostedaclassicalconcertfeaturingWinterSonata'stunesperformedbyKoreanmusicians.[17]KoreandramasboosttourismbetweenKoreaandJapan,[17]andisconsideredapossiblewayofimprovingstrainedrelationshipsbetweenthetwocountries,asserieshavebecomeincreasinglypopularwithJapaneseviewers.[105][106]Conversely,theseriesIrishadseveralpivotalscenesshotinAkita,Japan,whichledtoanincreaseofKoreantouristsinthatpartofJapan.[107][108] Mongolia[edit] InMongolia,Koreandramashavebecomepopularandarebroadcastatprimetime.DaeJangGeumachievedsuccessinthecountryandwasbroadcastfivetimesduetothis.AutumninMyHeart,WinterSonataandStairwaytoHeavenwereotherpopulardramas.PopularityinKoreandramashasresultedininterestinthelearningoftheKoreanlanguageaswellasMongolianstravellingtoSouthKorea.IthasalsoledtoincreasedmutuallycooperativerelationsbetweenMongoliaandSouthKorea.[109] NorthKorea[edit] WatchingfilmsorTVdramasfromSouthKoreaisaseriousoffenceinNorthKorea,punishablebyexecution,[110]butpeoplestillmanagetoacquirethemonCDsandDVDs.[111] In2021,therewasanarticlethatyoungpeoplewhowerewatchingthepopulardramaThePenthouse:WarinLifewerecaughtinPyeongseong,PyeongnamProvince,andwillhavetoservemorethan10years.Later,theresidentsofYanggangProvincebegantoimitatethefamouslinesfromthePenthouseseries,andtheresidentswerealsounabletoavoidpunishment.[112][113] Taiwan[edit] InTaiwan,interestinKoreandramasbeganwhenStarinMyHeartairedin1999.SincethenKoreandramashavebecomeverypopularandaccordingtotheSouthKoreanmission120K-dramashadbeenbroadcastinTaiwaninthefirsthalfof2011.[114][115] SoutheastAsia[edit] Brunei[edit] InrecenttimesKoreandramashaveexperiencedgrowingpopularityinBrunei.ThegrowingimpactofKoreancultureinBruneiledtothehostingoftheninthKoreaForuminthecountryatUniversitiBruneiDarussalamin2010.Koreantelevisiondramas,movies,music,andclothinghavehadagreatimpactonthepeopleofBrunei.[116] Cambodia[edit] ThefirstKoreandramatobebroadcastinCambodiawasWinterSonata;itwas,however,FullHousethatlaunchedtheinterestinKoreandramasandentertainmentinthecountry.FollowingthesuccessofFullHouse,moreKoreandramashavebeendubbedintotheKhmerlanguage.KoreandramashavebecomepopularparticularlyamongstyouthinCambodia.[117] Indonesia[edit] InIndonesia,KoreandramashavegainedpopularityandthepopularKoreandramasWinterSonataandEndlessLovewereairedonSuryaCitraMediain2002.SomeKoreandramashavealsobeenremadeintoIndonesianversionssuchasDemiCintain2005whichwasaremakeofthepopulardramaAutumninMyHeartandCintaSejati,aremakeofStairwaytoHeaven.RCTIandIndosiarareexamplesofIndonesiantelevisionnetworksthatairKoreandramasintheearlytimes,butlaterTransTVairingsomeofpopularKoreandramasuntiltoday.[118][119] Laos[edit] ThepopularityofKoreandramasandpopcultureinLaoshasledtomanyLaotiantouriststravellingtoSouthKorea.KoreanpopculturehasgainedpopularityinLaosthroughtheThaiTVchannelsbroadcastingKoreandramasandK-popbandsinthecountry.[120] Malaysia[edit] InMalaysia,WinterSonatabeganairingonTV3in2003,whichstartedaninterestinKoreanpopcultureinthecountry.DaeJangGeumandAutumnInMyHeartwerealsoairedinMalaysia.ThepopularityofKoreandramashaveresultedinapositivereceptionofKoreanexpatriatesinMalaysia.[121] Myanmar[edit] InMyanmar,theK-dramaAutumninMyHeartwasbroadcastinthecountryin2001,whichledtointerestinKoreanentertainment.WhenDaeJangGeumwasonair,thedramasparkedaninterestinKoreancuisineinthecountry.[122]TherisingpopularityofKoreandramasandmusicinMyanmarhasledtotheKoreaFoundationforInternationalCultureExchange(KOFICE)distributingKoreandramasinthecountryforfree.[123] Philippines[edit] InthePhilippines,Koreandramasarepoliticallypopularonfree-to-airtelevisionsince2003.[124]Inthepasttwodecades,GMANetworkhasthehighestnumberofKoreandramasbroadcastinthePhilippines.[125] Singapore[edit] ActorLeeMin-hoachievedpan-AsiapopularitywithhishitdramasBoysOverFlowers(2009),TheHeirs(2013)andTheLegendoftheBlueSea(2016). InSingapore,Prime12(nowknownasSuria)originallyairedtheKoreandramaSandglassonaweeklybasisin1996andairedAsphaltManin1997.Since2001,theyareshownonChineselanguagechannelMediaCorpChannelUdaily.[126]ThelaunchofKBSWorld,ONETVASIA,Oh!K,ChannelMandstreamingapp,ViuinSingaporeallowsviewerstowatchKoreandramaswithavarietyofsubtitlesinamatterofhoursaftertheoriginalSouthKoreantelecast.[127]Currently,SingaporeansalsogetaccesstoKoreandramasthroughChina-originatedonlineplatformIQIYI,whichfirstsoft-launcheditsappin2019andplannedtoexpanditsinternationalbasesinSingapore.[128][129] Thailand[edit] WhenDaeJangGeumwasonairinThailand,Koreanfoodstartedgainingwidepopularity.[130]Duetothelop-sidednatureofentertainmentexportsfavoringSouthKorea,theThaigovernmentrequestedincreasedintroductionofpopularThaifilmstoSouthKoreanmediaoutlets.ThisledtothesigningofanAgreementofCulturalCooperationbetweenthetwocountriesinAugust2004.[131] Vietnam[edit] KoreandramashavealsogainedpopularityinVietnam,particularlyamongwomenandyoungpeople.ThefashionandhairstylespresentedinKoreandramashavebecomeverypopularamongtheyouthofthecountry.[132] SouthAsia[edit] Bangladesh[edit] KoreandramashavegainedpopularityinBangladeshinrecentyears.[133]TheirrisingpopularityinthecountryhasledtotheKoreaFoundationforInternationalCultureExchange(KOFICE),anorganisationwhichaimstodistributeKoreandramasforfreetocountries,cooperatingwithbroadcasterstodistributeKoreandramasforfreeinthecountry.[134]WiththegrowingnumberofK-dramafansinBangladesh,moreandmoreFacebookgroupsarepoppingup,givingthemaplatformtosharetheirloveoftheshowswithfellowK-dramaenthusiastsandtakepartineventsandactivitieshostedbythegroups.OneofthelargestBangladeshiK-Dramagroups,BDK-Family,arrangesayearlygettogetherforitsmembers.OtherpopularFacebookK-DramagroupsincludeK-DramaArchiveBD,KoreanLoversBangladesh,andBDKoreanDramaFam-allofwhichcreateopportunitiesforbothlocalandinternationalfanstoparticipateindiscussionsabouttheirfavouriteshows.[135] Bhutan[edit] IntheHimalayankingdomofBhutan,Koreandramasandentertainmenthavegainedpopularityparticularlyamongstyouth.PriortointerestinKoreanentertainment,Bollywoodhadlargelybeenthemostpopularformofentertainmentinthecountry.WhentheBhutanesefilmindustrylaunchedinthemid-1990s,Bollywoodwastheonlyformofinfluenceontheindustry.However,inrecentyearsKoreanentertainmenthasmadesignificantinroadsinthecountryandinfluencetheentertainmentindustryalongsideBollywood.Koreanentertainmenthasmanagedtoinfluencefashion,andmanyvideoshopsnowsellKoreandramasandmoviesalongsideBollywoodfilms.TheinterestinKoreanentertainmenthasalsoledtocontroversywitholdergenerationsvoicingtheirconcernthatKoreanentertainmentwilldeteriorateBhutanesecultureandtraditions.[136][137] HyunBinhasstarredinHighestRatedK-DramasinKoreanTelevisionhistorylikeMyLovelySamsoon,SecretGarden,MemoriesoftheAlhambraandCrashLandingonYouandisconsideredoneofthemostinfluentialSouthKoreanactor India[edit] InIndia,afterthelate1990sandaround2000Koreandramasstartedbecomingpopularthroughpiracyparticularlyinnorth-easternstatessuchasManipur,Assam,Meghalaya,Sikkim,ArunachalPradesh,Tripura,MizoramandNagalandaswellaspartsofeasternstatelikeWestBengalandmorerecentlyinsouthernstateslikeKerala,Telangana,TamilNadu.[138][139]HindifilmsandTVserialswerebannedinManipurin2000,asaresultlocaltelevisionstationsbeganbroadcastingsubtitledKoreandramasinsteadfromArirangTVandKBSWorld.[140][141]Manyyoungpeopleinnorth-eastern,eastern,northernandsouthernpartsofIndiamimicthehairstyles,clothesofKoreanactorswhileKoreanfashionbecameverypopularintheregion.[142][143][144]Aspartofculturalexchange,publicbroadcasterDoordarshantelecastEmperoroftheSeaandDaeJangGeum.[145]KoreandramasaredubbedinTamilonPuthuyugamTVsuchas'Boysoverflowers','Mylovefromanotherstar','PlayfulKiss'andmanymore.[146]FullHouseandHwangJinistartedairingonFirangichannelin2008.RelianceBigTVofferedKBSWorldtoitssubscribersfrom2009onsatellitetelevision.LocalfanclubsgothelpfromConsul-GeneraloftheRepublicofKoreawhileKoreanCulturalCentreinIndia(KCCI)underSouthKoreanembassystartedmappingpopularityofK-dramas.[147]AsperKCCI,themotivationtounderstandKoreandramaproperlywithoutsubtitlesisdrivingtheuptakeofKoreanlanguageclassesamongtheyouthwithfemalesoutnumberingmales.[148]DDBharatibroadcastperioddramaHurJunin2014thatreceivedhighestviewerratingsof34millionfromJanuarytoOctober2014.OnlinestreamingplatformZEE5launchedDescendantsoftheSuntotesttheIndianmarketfrom8Februaryto1March2017andfoundoverwhelmingpositiveresponseforKoreancontentwithviewershiprancloseto56million.[141]ThetelecastofKoreandramaonCableTVin2017stoppedasKoreanBroadcastingSystemNetworkwantedtoraisesyndicationchargesduetoaccumulationoflargeviewer-shipbaseinIndiathatincludedpocketsofBihar,KeralaandUttarPradeshduetoshort16to20episodesformatthatareeasierforbinge-watching.[149][150]WithincreasinginterestinKoreancontentamongyoungergenerationfromtier-1cities,SamsungthroughitsMyGalaxymobileapplicationispartneringwithKoreanBroadcastingSystem(KBS)in2019tobringexclusivecontentfor20millionIndianusers.[151]WithCOVID-19pandemic,DishTVstartedpremiumK-dramasdubbedinHindiandTamil.[152]Koreandramasarealsodrivinghighestviewer-shiponNetflixwithsecondseasonofTVseriesKingdomattainedtheTop10seriesrowasofMarch2020.It'sOkaytoNotBeOkayisonNetflixTop10listinIndiaforseveralweeksinAugust2020whichhasjumpedtonumber3position.NetflixisincreasinginvestmentonKoreancontenttocapturetheIndianmarket.[153]Over-the-topmediaservice(OTT)MXPlayerconfirmedrisingpopularityanddemandofKoreandramasamongmillennialpopulationespeciallythewomenaudienceandisnowmakingdealswithSouthKoreantelevisionandradionetworkcompanySeoulBroadcastingSystem(SBS)tobringmorecontentinIndia.KoreandramasandfilmsbecamemostvisitedcategoryforShortsTVinIndia.[154]Aspermediaexperts,therelatablethemesinKoreancontentisfastcatchingtheimaginationofgeneralpublicofalmosteveryagegroupthatisgoingmainstreamanddrivinghighestviewingespeciallyafter92ndAcademyAwardswinningmovieParasiteduetothesharedAsianculturalheritageandsocietalvalues.[155][156][157]AsperParrotAnalyticsreport,k-dramaseries'CrashLandingonYou',isondemand1.2timesthananaverageTVseriesthatis89.8%morethanalldramatitlesshowninIndiaforcingbroadcasterstomakeextraslotsaswomenareattheforefrontofconsumerdemandinKoreancontentcategory.[158][159]TheCOVID-19lockdowninIndiaprovedtobeaninflectionpointin2020–2021whenKoreandramamovedfromanichesub-culturesegmenttomainstreamduetoserviceslikeNetflix,RakutenVikiandYouTube.Itpenetratedtoeveryagegroupandsocialbackground.ThepopularityofKoreandramaforcedmanyover-the-topmediaserviceinIndiasuchasMXPlayer,ViuandZEE5tobringthedubbedversionsinlocallanguagethatwillhelpcatertolargenonEnglishspeakingaudience.[160][161][162] Nepal[edit] InterestforKoreandramasintheNepalbeganwhenWinterSonataairedonKantipurTelevisionNetworkinthemid-2000s.ThisledtothepopularityofotherK-dramassuchasBoysOverFlowers,AutumnInMyHeart,YouAreBeautifulandFullHousetonameafew.PopularityofKoreanmediaproductshasalsoledtointerestoflearningtheKoreanlanguageandhasresultedintheemergenceofKoreanlanguagetutorialsthataironABCTelevisioninthecountry.KoreandramashavebecomepopularamongNepaliyouthandmarketsareoftenfrequentedbyteenagerslookingtobuythelatestdramas.ThehairstylesandfashionofKoreanactorshaveinfluencedthefashionsenseofNepaliyouth.FascinatedbythelifestyleandfoodofKorea,restaurantsservingKoreancuisinehavealsobeenestablishedinthecountry.[163][164] SriLanka[edit] InSriLanka,theIndependentTelevisionNetworkairedFullHousein2009anditprovedpopular.DaeJangGeumairedonRupavahiniin2012andwasdubbedinSinhalaunderthetitleSujathaDiyani(සුජාතදියණී),meaning"ThePure,ValuableDaughter"andreceivedaviewerrateofover90%.[165]TheIndependentTelevisionNetwork,Rupavahini,TVDerana,SirasaTV,SwarnavahiniandTV1airKoreandramasdubbedintheSinhaleselanguage.[166][167]Streamingservice,IflixalsostreamsmanyKoreandramaswithEnglishandSinhalesesubtitlesinthecountry,someasearlyas24hoursaftertheiroriginalKoreanbroadcast.[168]Additionally,thepopularityofKoreanpopcultureinthecountryhasledtoanincreasinglywarmreceptiontowardsKoreanpeople.[169] MiddleEastandNorthAfrica[edit] Sincethemid-2000s,Israel,Iran,MoroccoandEgypthavebecomemajorconsumersofKoreanculture.[170][171]FollowingthesuccessofKoreandramasintheMiddleEast&NorthAfrica,theKoreanOverseasInformationServicemadeWinterSonataavailablewithArabicsubtitlesonseveralstate-runEgyptiantelevisionnetworks.AccordingtoYounaKim(2007),"Thebroadcastwaspartofthegovernment'seffortstoimprovetheimageofSouthKoreaintheMiddleEast,wherethereislittleunderstandingandexposuretowardsKoreanculture"(p. 31).[172]TheNewYorkTimesreportedthattheintentbehindthiswastocontributetowardspositiverelationsbetweenArab&BerberaudiencesandSouthKoreansoldiersstationedinnorthernIraq.[173] MBC4(MiddleEastBroadcastingChannel)playedamajorroleinincreasingtheKoreanwave'spopularityintheMENAregion(MiddleEastandNorthAfrica).ThisbroadcastingchannelhostedaseriesofKoreandramastarting2013suchas"BoysOverFlowers"(أيامالزهور),"You'reBeautiful"(أنتجميلة),"DreamHigh"(حلمالشباب),"CoffeePrince"(مقهىالأمير).SomeArabcountriesopposedKoreancontent(dramas,realityshow)outoffearthattheiryouthwouldabandonIslamictraditionsinordertoadoptWesternmodernity.[174]However,thisdidnotstoptheKoreanindustriesfromexportingmoreKoreanDramastotheArabworldinthefollowingyearssuchas"TheHeirs"(الورثة).ThepopularityofKoreandramasintheMENAregion-anditscontinuousgrowth-originatesfromthecontentofthesedramas.AsthemajorityoftheplotsofKoreandramasfocusonsocialissues(lovebetweendifferentsocialclassesorfamilyproblemsforinstance),[175]theArabaudiencesfitthemselvesandcouldrelatetotheKoreansocio-culturalvaluesastheyseemappealingtothem.SoKoreandramasplaytheroleofanequilibriumpointwheretwo,somehow,differentculturescouldcreateanewculturalspacewherethesetwodifferentculturescouldmeet. Iran[edit] Iran'sstatebroadcaster,IslamicRepublicofIranBroadcasting(IRIB),airedseveralKoreandramasduringprimetimeslotsinrecentyears,withthisdecisionattributedbysometotheirConfucianvaluesofrespectforothers,whichare"closelyalignedtoIslamicculture",[176]whileincontrast,WesternproductionsoftenfailtosatisfythecriteriasetbyIran'sMinistryofCultureandIslamicGuidance.[177]InOctober2012,theTehranTimesreportedthatIRIBrepresentativesvisitedSouthKoreatovisitfilminglocationsinanefforttostrengthen"culturalaffinities"betweenthetwocountriesandtoseekavenuesforfurthercooperationbetweenKBSandIRIB.[178][179]AccordingtoReuters,untilrecentlyaudiencesinIranhavehadlittlechoiceinbroadcastmaterialandthusprogramsthatareairedbyIRIBoftenattainhigherviewershipratingsinIranthaninSouthKorea;forexample,themostpopularepisodesofJumongattractedover90%ofIranianaudience(comparedto40%inSouthKorea),propellingitsleadactorSongIl-gooktosuperstarstatusinIran.[180] Iraq[edit] Intheearly2000s,KoreandramaswereairedforSouthKoreantroopsstationedinnorthernIraqaspartofcoalitionforcesledbytheUnitedStatesduringtheIraqWar.WiththeendofthewarandthesubsequentwithdrawalofSouthKoreanmilitarypersonnelfromthecountry,effortsweremadetoexpandavailabilityofK-dramastotheordinarycitizensofIraq.[181]In2012,theKoreandramaHurJunreportedlyattainedaviewershipofover90%intheKurdistanregionofIraq.[181]ItsleadactorJunKwang-ryulwasinvitedbythefederalgovernmentofIraqtovisitthecityofSulaymaniyahinKurdistan,atthespecialrequestofthecountry'sFirstLady,HeroIbrahimAhmed. Egypt[edit] AutumninMyHeart,oneoftheearliestKoreandramasbroughtovertotheMiddleEast,wasmadeavailableforviewingafterfivemonthsof"persistentnegotiations"betweentheSouthKoreanembassyandanEgyptianstate-runbroadcastingcompany.Shortlyaftertheseriesended,theembassyreportedthatithadreceivedover400phonecallsandlovelettersfromfansfromalloverthecountry.[182]AccordingtothesecretaryoftheSouthKoreanembassyinCairoLeeKi-seok,Korea'sinvolvementintheIraqWarhadsignificantlyundermineditsreputationamongEgyptians,butthescreeningofAutumninMyHeartproved"extremelyeffective"inreversingnegativeattitudes.[183] Europe[edit] Romania[edit] ThefirstKoreandramainRomaniawasairedonTVRinAugust2009withDaeJangGeum,andinthefollowingmonthitbecamethethirdmostpopulartelevisionprograminthecountry.[184]Sincethen,Koreandramashaveseenhighratingsandfurthersuccess.[184][185] NorthAmerica[edit] USA[edit] TheAsianAmerican-targetedcableTVchannelsAZNTelevisionandImaginAsianairedKoreandramasalongsidecontentfromChina,Japan,India,ThailandandotherpartsofAsia.ThedramaswereaimedattheAsianAmericancommunitybeforethechannelsdissolvedin2008and2011respectively.[186][187] InNovember2008,Netflix[188]beganofferingseveralKoreandramasaspartofitsvideoselection.InAugust2009,DramaFeverbeganofferingfreesubtitledvideostreamingservice,withvideoadvertisements,intheUnitedStates.[189][190] Singapore-basedVikistreamspopularKoreandramasacrosstheworldincludingNorthAmerica,withsubtitlesin70languages.[191]CompaniesinAsiahavealsodesignedstreamingservicesavailableonlineandasmobileappstargetedtowardsoverseasAsiancommunities."MobiTV"createdbytheSriLankancompany,BhashaisastreamingserviceandmobileappaimedattheSriLankancommunityandstreamsKoreandramasdubbedintheSinhaleselanguagealongsideothercontentairedinSriLanka.[192]"Roopa",createdbythesamecompany,isanotherserviceavailableasamobileappalsoaimedattheSriLankancommunity,ittoostreamsKoreandramasdubbedintheSinhaleselanguage.[193]ChinesecompanyPPTVisanotherexample,amobileapp,"PPTV网络电视HD"streamsKoreandramasaimedattheChinesecommunityalongsidecontentthatisprimarilyavailableinMandarin,CantoneseandKoreanbutalsoincreasinglyinEnglish.[194][195] Additionally,KoreandramasareavailableatonlineDVDretailers.SomeKoreandramas,however,arenotavailableforregion1(NorthAmerica)encodingandNTSCvideoformat.AmazonoffersstreamingofWinterSonataforafee.[196] KBFD-DTinHonolulu,HawaiibroadcastsamajorityofKoreandramasonitsdailyschedule,aswellasofferingtheprogramsonsaleatitswebsiteandondemandthroughitsK-LifechannelonOceanicTimeWarnerCable.AnotherHonoluluoutlet,KHII-TVdevotesthreehoursofitsSundayafternoonscheduletoKoreandramas. KTSF,achannelaimedattheAsianAmericancommunityinSanFrancisco,CaliforniaairsKoreandramasaspartofitsschedulealongsidecontentinMandarin,Tagalog,Hindi,Korean,Vietnamese,Japanese,TaiwaneseandCantonese.[197] SouthAmerica[edit] Between2001and2002,SouthAmericabegantoabsorbKoreanprogramming.The1997seriesStarinMyHeartbeganitssuccessfulbroadcastinChile,Peruandothercountriesinthearea,buttheselasttwowerewhereMorehadrepercussions,includinganAhnJae-wookfanclubfounded.[198]In2002,WinterSonata,producedbyKBS2TV,becamethefirstseriesintheregiontomatchthesuccessofMeteorGarden,attractingacultfollowinginAsia.Marketingsales,includingDVDsetsandnovels,exceeded$3.5millioninJapan.In2004,then-JapanesePrimeMinisterJunichiroKoizuminotedthattheseries'maleleadwas"morepopularthanIaminJapan."[199]OtherKoreandramasreleasedinlateryearssuchasJewelinthePalace(2003)andFullHouse(2004)hadcomparablelevelsofsuccess.[200] Chile[edit] InChile,whichwasoneofthefirstcountriesonagloballevel,thephenomenonofKoreanwave,whichisalsoknownashallyu,beganwiththefirstdramaairedthatwastheoriginal1997MBCseriesStarinMyHeartin2001byChilevisiónpastmidnight[201]andlateryearslaterin2003itwasretransmittedbyCanal21(Chillán) [es]inChillán,butitwasnotuntil2006,whenStairwaytoHeavenwasbroadcastat1:00pmonthepublictelevisionchannelTelevisiónNacionaldeChile,whichachievednotorietyofthisgenrebeingcomparedtoLamadrastra—anoldverysuccessfulChileansoapopera—duetothehighaudiencefiguresinitsschedulecompetingdirectlywithotherchannels,itwasalsobroadcastbyTVChiletoothercontinentsdubbedintoSpanish.[202][203] Ratingsandviewership[edit] ViewershipratingsareprovidedbytwocompaniesinSouthKorea:NielsenKoreaandTNmS.[204]Originally,MediaServiceKorea(MSK)wasthesolecompanyprovidingTVviewershipratingsusingpeoplemetersince1992,butwasonlylimitedtoSeoulCapitalArea.[204][205]In1998,TNSMediaKoreabeganasarivalcompanyinpartnershipwithTaylorNelsonSofres(TNS)whichextendedtheservicetofivemajorcities;itwasofficiallylaunchedinJune1999withamoresophisticatedviewershipratingsurveytechnique.[204]While,inAugust1999,ACNielsenacquiredMSKandrebrandeditasACNielsenKoreaandexpandedtheaudienceratingsurveytothewholecountrywiththeaimtoincreasethecredibilityoftheratings.[204]In2005,ACNielsenKoreasignedamergerwithAGBGroupandAGBNielsenMediaResearchwasestablished.[206]AGBNielsenMediaResearchmergedwithKADDNielsenMediaResearchinJanuary2013,andtheofficialnamewaschangedtoNielsenKorea.[204][207] In2010,TNSMediaKoreawasrenamedtoTNmS(TotalNationalMultimediaStatistics).[208][204]Sincelate2018,TNmSstoppedprovidingdatatothepublicthroughtheirwebsites,andinsteadoccasionallyreleasestheratingsthroughnewsagenciessuchasBreakNews.[209] Listofhighest-ratedseriesonterrestrialtelevision[edit] Seealso:ListofSouthKoreandramas ThelistwascompiledfromdatabyNielsenKorea,basedontheepisodeofthehighestviewershipsince1992.[210] Byhouseholdrating[edit] Top50seriespernationwidehouseholdrating # Series Network Nationwidehouseholdrating(Nielsen) Finalepisodedate Ref 1 YouandI MBC 66.9% 26April1998 [211] 2 FirstLove KBS2 65.8% 20April1997 [212][213] 3 WhatIsLove [ko] MBC 64.9% 31May1992 [214][215] 4 Sandglass SBS 64.5% 16February1995 5 HurJun MBC 63.5% 27June2000 [216] 6 ASunnyPlaceoftheYoung [ko] KBS2 62.7% 12November1995 [217] 7 SonsandDaughters [ko] MBC 61.1% 9May1993 [212][213] 8 TaejoWangGeon KBS1 60.2% 24February2002 [218] 9 EyesofDawn MBC 58.4% 6February1992 [219][220] 10 DaeJangGeum 57.8% 23March2004 [218] 11 SeeandSeeAgain [ko] 57.3% 2April1999 [221] 12 Truth [ko] 56.5% 24February2000 13 LoversinParis SBS 56.3% 15August2004 [222] 14 Jealousy [ko] MBC 56.1% 21July1992 [223][224] 15 BlowingoftheWind [ko] KBS2 55.8% 29March1996 16 MenoftheBathHouse [ko] 53.4% 1September1996 [217] 17 GookHee [ko] MBC 53.1% 16November1999 [225][226] TrapofYouth [ko] SBS 15April1999 [225][226] 19 Tomato [ko](토마토) 52.7% 10June1999 20 M [ko] MBC 52.2% 30August1994 [227][228] 21 SeasonoftheStorm [ko] 52.1% 30December1993 [229][230] 22 RusticPeriod SBS 51.8% 30September2003 23 MyMother'sSea [ko] MBC 51.6% 26December1993 [231][232] 24 LegendofAmbition [ko] KBS2 50.2% 25October1998 [213] 25 LadiesofthePalace [ko] SBS 49.9% 22July2002 [218] 26 MySon'sWoman [ko] MBC 49.7% 13April1995 [233][234] Jumong 6March2007 [235][218] 28 TearsoftheDragon KBS1 49.6% 31May1998 [218] 29 MyOnlyOne KBS2 49.4% 17March2019 [236] 30 StarinMyHeart MBC 49.3% 29April1997 [237][238] Bread,LoveandDreams KBS2 16September2010 [239] 32 MyLovelySamSoon MBC 49.1% 21July2005 [240] 33 Ambition [ko] 49.0% 13October1994 [241] 34 TheMoonofSeoul [ko] 48.7% 16October1994 [242][243] 35 TheLastMatch 48.6% 22February1994 [244][245][246][247] 36 AllAboutEve MBC 48.3% 6July2000 [248][249] Wang'sFamily KBS2 9February2014 [250] 38 HowisYourHusband? [ko] SBS 48.2% 19October1993 [note1] 39 Cinderella MBC 48.0% 13July1997 [255] 40 AllIn SBS 47.7% 3April2003 41 Seoyoung,MyDaughter KBS2 47.6% 3March2013 [256] 42 UntilWeCanLove [ko] 47.1% 28February1997 43 MyRosyLife 47.0% 10November2005 [257] 44 Pilot [ko] MBC 46.2% 2November1993 [258] 45 AutumninMyHeart KBS2 46.1% 7November2000 46 DaughtersofaRichFamily [ko] KBS2 45.9% 30April1995 47 MyHusbandGotaFamily KBS2 45.3% 9September2012 [259] 48 BrilliantLegacy SBS 45.2% 26July2009 [260] 49 MyGoldenLife KBS2 45.1% 11March2018 [261] 50 DearHeaven SBS 44.9% 2July2006 [262] Byviewers[edit] Top50seriespernationwideviewers(million)since2018[note2] # Series Network Nationwideviewersnumberinmillion(Nielsen) Finalepisodedate Ref 1 MyOnlyOne KBS2 9.246 17March2019 [263] 2 MyGoldenLife 8.366 11March2018 [264] 3 YoungLadyandGentleman 6.956 27March2022 [265] 4 OnceAgain 6.893 13September2020 [266] 5 MarryMeNow 6.669 9September2018 [267] 6 MotherofMine 6.247 22September2019 [268] 7 HomemadeLoveStory 6.145 7March2021 [269] 8 RevolutionarySisters 5.823 18September2021 [270] 9 BeautifulLove,WonderfulLife 5.693 22March2020 [271] 10 ThePenthouse:WarinLife2 SBS 5.601 2April2021 [272] 11 ThePenthouse:WarinLife 5.354 5January2021 [273] 12 Dr.Romantic2 5.210 25February2020 [274] 13 It'sBeautifulNow KBS2 5.159 (ongoing) [275] 14 WhentheCamelliaBlooms 4.491 21November2019 [276] 15 TheFieryPriest SBS 4.325 20April2019 [277] 16 MoneyFlower MBC 4.085 3February2018 [278] 17 UnaskedFamily KBS1 3.950 17April2020 [279] 18 HotStoveLeague SBS 3.921 14February2020 [280] 19 HomeforSummer KBS1 3.897 25October2019 [281] 20 BrilliantHeritage 3.852 9October2020 [282] 21 ThePenthouse:WarinLife3 SBS 3.778 10September2021 [283] 22 LiverorDie KBS2 3.692 14March2019 [284] 23 TheRedSleeve MBC 3.668 1January2022 [285] 24 NoMatterWhat KBS1 3.599 26March2021 [286] 25 ManinaVeil KBS2 3.502 10February2021 [287] 26 TheSecretofMyLove 3.480 9February2018 [288] 27 SunnyAgainTomorrow KBS1 3.478 2November2018 [289] 28 It'sMyLife 3.459 26April2019 [290] 29 LoveReturns 3.330 4May2018 [291] 30 TheLastEmpress SBS 3.282 21February2019 [292] 31 Bravo,MyLife KBS1 3.275 (ongoing) [293] 32 TheAll-RoundWife 3.245 8April2022 [294] 33 OnetheWoman SBS 3.235 6November2021 [295] 34 TaxiDriver 3.117 29May2021 [296] 35 APledgetoGod MBC 3.112 16February2019 [297] 36 ManintheKitchen 3.082 18March2018 [298] 37 GraciousRevenge KBS2 3.080 27March2020 [299] 38 RedShoes 3.074 10December2021 [300] 39 BeMyDreamFamily KBS1 2.951 1October2021 [301] 40 GoldMask KBS2 2.943 (ongoing) [302] 41 DoctorPrisoner 2.832 15May2019 [303] 42 Return SBS 2.817 22March2018 [304] 43 MissMonte-Cristo KBS2 2.808 2July2021 [305] 44 Hyena SBS 2.789 11April2020 [306] 45 APlaceintheSun KBS2 2.754 1November2019 [307] 46 LoveTwist 2.708 20May2022 [308] 47 VIP SBS 2.688 24December2019 [309] 48 MyHealingLove MBC 2.660 3March2019 [310] 49 MysteriousPersonalShopper KBS2 2.613 20July2018 [311] 50 FatalPromise 2.604 28August2020 [312] Listofhighest-ratedseriesoncabletelevision[edit] Thefollowingdramasaironacablechannel/payTVwhichnormallyhasarelativelysmalleraudiencecomparedtofree-to-airTV/publicbroadcasters(KBS,SBS,MBCandEBS). Byhouseholdrating[edit] Top50seriespernationwidehouseholdrating # Series Network Nationwidehouseholdrating(Nielsen) Finalepisodedate Ref 1 TheWorldoftheMarried JTBC 28.371% 16May2020 [313] 2 SkyCastle 23.779% 1February2019 [314] 3 CrashLandingonYou tvN 21.683% 16February2020 [315] 4 Reply1988 18.803% 16January2016 [316][317] 5 Guardian:TheLonelyandGreatGod 18.680% 21January2017 [318] 6 Mr.Sunshine 18.129% 30September2018 [319] 7 ExtraordinaryAttorneyWoo ENA 17.534% 18August2022 [320] 8 Mr.Queen tvN 17.371% 14February2021 [321] 9 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce)2 TVChosun 16.582% 8August2021 [322] 10 ItaewonClass JTBC 16.548% 21March2020 [323] 11 Vincenzo tvN 14.636% 2May2021 [324] 12 OurBlues 14.597% 12June2022 [325] 13 100DaysMyPrince 14.412% 30October2018 [326] 14 HospitalPlaylist 14.142% 28May2020 [327] 15 HospitalPlaylist2 14.080% 16September2021 [328] 16 HometownCha-Cha-Cha 12.665% 17October2021 [329] 17 Signal 12.544% 12March2016 [330] 18 TheLadyinDignity JTBC 12.065% 19August2017 [331][332] 19 HoteldelLuna tvN 12.001% 1September2019 [333] 20 Twenty-FiveTwenty-One 11.513% 3April2022 [334] 21 Reply1994 11.509% 28December2013 [335] 22 PrisonPlaybook 11.195% 18January2018 [336] 23 TheUncannyCounter OCN 10.999% 24January2021 [337] 24 TheCrownedClown tvN 10.851% 4March2019 [338] 25 MyKidsGiveMeaHeadache JTBC 10.715% 17March2013 [339][340] 26 Jirisan tvN 10.663% 12December2021 [341] 27 Mine 10.512% 27June2021 [342] 28 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce)3 TVChosun 10.395% 1May2022 [343] 29 ShowWindow:TheQueen'sHouse ChannelA 10.335% 18January2022 [344] 30 Encounter tvN 10.329% 24January2019 [345] 31 MilitaryProsecutorDoberman 10.081% 26April2022 [346] 32 MemoriesoftheAlhambra 10.025% 20January2019 [347] 33 AnotherMissOh 9.991% 28June2016 [348] 34 Bossam:StealtheFate MBN 9.759% 4July2021 [349] 35 TheLightinYourEyes JTBC 9.731% 19March2019 [350] 36 StrongGirlBong-soon 9.668% 15April2017 [351] 37 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce) TVChosun 9.656% 14March2021 [352] 38 Stranger2 tvN 9.408% 4October2020 [353] 39 Uncle TVChosun 9.329% 30January2022 [354] 40 AlchemyofSouls tvN 9.295% (ongoing) [355] 41 LawlessLawyer 8.937% 1July2018 [356] 42 RecordofYouth 8.740% 27October2020 [357] 43 What'sWrongwithSecretaryKim 8.665% 26July2018 [358] 44 GracefulFamily MBN 8.478% 17October2019 [359][360] 45 Misty JTBC 8.452% 24March2018 [361] 46 Misaeng:IncompleteLife tvN 8.240% 20December2014 [362] 47 FamiliarWife 8.210% 20September2018 [363] 48 LieAfterLie ChannelA 8.203% 24October2020 [364] 49 Thirty-Nine JTBC 8.122% 31March2022 [365] 50 DearMyFriends tvN 8.087% 2July2016 [366] Byviewers[edit] Top50seriespernationwideviewers(million)since2018[note2] # Series Network Nationwideviewersnumberinmillion(Nielsen) Finalepisodedate Ref 1 SkyCastle JTBC 6.508 1February2019 [367] 2 CrashLandingonYou tvN 6.337 16February2020 [368] 3 TheWorldoftheMarried JTBC 6.248 16May2020 [369] 4 Mr.Queen tvN 4.749 14February2021 [370] 5 Mr.Sunshine 4.631 30September2018 [371] 6 ExtraordinaryAttorneyWoo ENA 4.449 18August2022 [372] 7 ItaewonClass JTBC 4.425 21March2020 [373] 8 HospitalPlaylist2 tvN 3.853 16September2021 [374] 9 Vincenzo 3.841 2May2021 [375] 10 HoteldelLuna 3.674 1September2019 [376] 11 HospitalPlaylist 3.579 28May2020 [377] 12 OurBlues 3.419 12June2022 [378] 13 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce)2 TVChosun 3.344 8August2021 [379] 14 100DaysMyPrince tvN 3.264 30October2018 [380] 15 TheUncannyCounter OCN 3.257 24January2021 [381] 16 HometownCha-Cha-Cha tvN 3.237 17October2021 [382] 17 PrisonPlaybook 3.063 18January2018 [383] 18 Twenty-FiveTwenty-One 3.047 3April2022 [384] 19 MemoriesoftheAlhambra 2.853 20January2019 [385] 20 Jirisan 2.586 12December2021 [386] 21 Encounter 2.473 24January2019 [387] 22 TheCrownedClown 2.447 4March2019 [388] 23 Mine 2.429 27June2021 [389] 24 What'sWrongwithSecretaryKim 2.383 26July2018 [390] 25 AlchemyofSouls 2.359 (ongoing) [391] 26 MilitaryProsecutorDoberman 2.279 26April2022 [392] 27 TheLightinYourEyes JTBC 2.223 19March2019 [393] 28 ShowWindow:TheQueen'sHouse ChannelA 2.195 18January2022 [394] 29 Stranger2 tvN 2.186 4October2020 [395] 30 ArthdalChronicles 2.120 22September2019 [396] 31 AKoreanOdyssey 2.115 4March2018 [397] LawlessLawyer 1July2018 [398] 33 It'sOkaytoNotBeOkay 2.065 9August2020 [399] 34 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce)3 TVChosun 2.060 1May2022 [400] 35 Uncle 2.042 30January2022 [401] 36 FamiliarWife tvN 2.039 20September2018 [402] 37 RecordofYouth 1.999 27October2020 [403] 38 TheDevilJudge 1.994 22August2021 [404] 39 Voice2 OCN 1.957 16September2018 [405] 40 GhostDoctor tvN 1.947 22February2022 [406] 41 Bossam:StealtheFate MBN 1.940 4July2021 [407] 42 HiBye,Mama! tvN 1.915 19April2020 [408] 43 Love(ft.MarriageandDivorce) TVChosun 1.913 14March2021 [409] 44 ForecastingLoveandWeather JTBC 1.844 3April2022 [410] 45 Live tvN 1.823 6May2018 [411] 46 Misty JTBC 1.820 24March2018 [412] 47 LieAfterLie ChannelA 1.784 24October2020 [413] 48 LifeonMars OCN 1.730 5August2018 [414] 49 TheCursed tvN 1.717 17March2020 [415] 50 Thirty-Nine JTBC 1.714 31March2022 [416] Seealso[edit] Asiaportal SouthKoreaportal Televisionportal Chinesetelevisiondrama ListofSouthKoreantelevisionseries HistoryofKoreananimation Japanesetelevisiondrama Manhwa MassmediainSouthKorea Taiwanesetelevisiondrama TelevisioninSouthKorea Webtoon Footnotes[edit] ^Asof2010itremained38thinranking,[251]asofJanuary2013,itremained41stinranking,[252]asofMay2015,itremainedaround40thinranking,[253]asofJune2018,itremained39thinranking.[254] ^abThenumberofviewerswasreleasedbyNielsenKoreastartingJanuary2018. 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^"'장밋빛인생'과연'최진실표히트드라마'기록깰까"[Will'RoseLife'reallybreaktherecordof'ChoiJin-sil'](inKorean).TVReport.13October2005.Retrieved10June2020. ^"최진실,'국민요정'에서'국민아줌마'로20년"[JinsilChoi,20yearsfrom'NationalFairy'to'NationalAunt'](inKorean).오마이뉴스.5October2008.Retrieved10June2020. ^"주말드라마시청률50%작가아니면명함내지마?".Mydaily(inKorean).마이데일리.13August2006. ^"웨슬리스나입스한국인아내와홍대앞뮤지컬관람화제".Newsen(inKorean).뉴스엔.9January2008. ^"김지미부터수애까지...'야왕'통해본한국드라마악녀열전".OhmyStar(inKorean).OhmyNews.6February2013. ^"[기획]'월하의공동묘지'부터'루비반지'까지...대한민국들썩이게한복수극열전".OhmyStar(inKorean).OhmyNews.9December2013. ^"March6,2007NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(MBC)특별기획(주몽)49.7% ^"March10,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(하나뿐인내편)49.4% ^"[출장토크③]안재욱"22년차영업비밀은'척'하지않는것"".SportsChosun(inKorean).스포츠조선.26April2016. ^"[20년전오늘]안재욱,'별은내가슴에'가낳은최고의★".SportsSeoul(inKorean).스포츠서울.10April2017. ^"September16,2010NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)수목드라마(제빵왕김탁구)49.3% ^"깔끔한마무리'내이름은김삼순',시청률50%돌파"[Cleanfinish'MynameisKimSam-soon',50%viewerrating].연합뉴스(inKorean).네이버뉴스편집부.YeonhapNewsAgency.22July2005.Retrieved16June2020. ^김태은(25March2006)."'동갑내기'최수종-정보석,'대조영'서정면대결".스타뉴스(inKorean).머니투데이. ^손남원,유진모(2March2013)."최민식한석규있어한국영화관객은행복하다".n.news.naver.com/entertain/article(inKorean).NaverNews.OSEN.Retrieved26July2020. ^전찬일,강유정(20November2019)."잔잔한듯폭발적…90년대한국영화의페르소나'한석규".n.news.naver.com/entertain/article(inKorean).NaverNews.국민일보.Retrieved26July2020. ^이슬비(8October2010)."[명드의재구성]⑧마지막승부–최고의스포츠드라마".news.v.daum.net/v(inKorean).xportsnews.com.엑스포츠뉴스.Retrieved26July2020. ^오대성(21June2013)."'응답하라1994'X세대등장한1994년어떻게그릴까?[문화·스포츠편]".news.naver.com/main(inKorean).NaverNews.국민일보.Retrieved26July2020. ^iMBC편집팀(14November2013)."[응답하라!MBC드라마①]1994년'농구열풍'의주역"[[Respond!MBCDrama①]TheLastMatch,starringin'BasketballFever'in1994.].enews.imbc.com/News(inKorean).iMBC.com.iMBC연예.Retrieved26July2020. ^박태훈(11June2016)."[박태훈의스포츠+]23번마이클조던…②농구붐일으켜,만화슬램덩크탄생도".sports.news.naver.com(inKorean).NaverSports.세계일보.Retrieved26July2020. ^"[온에어스페셜⑤]역대방송가드라마승률비교...'이브의모든것'1위"(inKorean).E-daily.2April2008. ^고재완(27March2012)."40%'해품달'로본역대시청률순위,50%는불가능?".SportsChosun(inKorean).스포츠조선. ^"February9,2014NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말연속극(왕가네식구들)48.3% ^날아서,밤하늘을(11February2008)."역대드라마시청률T0P100".일상을기억으로. ^"역대드라마시청률-최고의드라마는무엇일까?".네이버블로그|좋은사진,좋은사람옹알이스튜디오. ^"역대한국드라마시청률".엉뚱발랄놀이터.15May2015. ^"한국드라마역대시청률(~2018년)".네이버블로그|flyuphigh. ^김태은(1November2007)."드라마배경,방송사는되고영화사는안된다?".StarNews(inKorean).스타뉴스. ^"March3,2013NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말연속극(내딸서영이)47.6% ^"'장밋빛인생'47%'장밋빛질주'계속된다"['RoseLife'47%'RoseSprint'continues].스타뉴스(inKorean).다음뉴스편집부.MonetTodayStarNews.13October2005.Retrieved16June2020. ^박준범(10March2007)."'흥행보증수표'는없어도'시청률보증수표'는있다".OSEN(inKorean). ^"September9,2012NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말연속극(넝쿨째굴러온당신)45.3% ^"July26,2009NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)특별기획(찬란한유산)45.2% ^"March11,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(황금빛내인생)45.1% ^"July2,2006NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)주말극장(하늘이시여)44.9% ^"March10,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(하나뿐인내편)9,246 ^"February4,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(황금빛내인생)8,366 ^"March6,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(신사와아가씨)6,956 ^"September6,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(한번다녀왔습니다)6,893 ^"September9,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(같이살래요)6,669 ^"September22,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(세상에서제일예쁜내딸)6,247 ^"January31,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(오삼광빌라)6,145 ^"September12,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(오케이광자매)5,823 ^"March8,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(사랑은뷰티풀인생은원더풀)5,693 ^"March27,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)금토드라마(WARINLIFE펜트하우스2)5,601 ^"January5,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)월화드라마(WARINLIFE펜트하우스)5,354 ^"February25,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)월화드라마(낭만닥터김사부2)5,210 ^"August21,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)주말드라마(현재는아름다워)5,159 ^"November21,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)수목드라마(동백꽃필무렵)4,491 ^"April20,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)금토드라마(열혈사제)4,325 ^"February3,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(MBC)주말특별기획(돈꽃)4,085 ^"March19,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일연속극(꽃길만걸어요)3,950 ^"February14,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)금토드라마(스토브리그)3,921 ^"October1,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일연속극(여름아부탁해)3,897 ^"August24,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일드라마(기막힌유산)3,852 ^"June4,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)금요드라마(WARINLIFE펜트하우스3)3,778 ^"March14,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)수목드라마(왜그래풍상씨)3,692 ^"January1,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(MBC)금토드라마(옷소매붉은끝동)3,668 ^"March1,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일드라마(누가뭐래도)3,599 ^"February10,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(비밀의남자)3,502 ^"January1,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(내남자의비밀)3,480 ^"November1,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일연속극(내일도맑음)3,478 ^"March5,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일연속극(비켜라운명아)3,459 ^"February27,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일연속극(미워도사랑해)3,330 ^"February21,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)드라마스페셜(황후의품격THELASTEMPRESS)3,282 ^"August1,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일드라마(으라차차내인생)3,275 ^"March14,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)저녁일일극(국가대표와이프)3,245 ^"November6,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(SBS)금토드라마(원더우먼)3,235 ^"April17,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)금토드라마(복수대행써비스모범택시)3,117 ^"February16,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.3rd(MBC)주말특별기획(신과의약속)3,112 ^"January14,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.3rd(MBC)주말드라마(밥상차리는남자)3,082 ^"March26,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(KBS2)일일드라마(우아한모녀)3,080 ^"December10,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(빨강구두)3,074 ^"July12,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS1)일일드라마(속아도꿈결)2,951 ^"August8,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(KBS2)일일드라마(황금가면)2,943 ^"May15,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)수목드라마(닥터프리즈너)2,832 ^"February7,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)드라마스페셜(리턴)2,817 ^"April16,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(미스몬테크리스토)2,808 ^"April11,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.3rd(SBS)금토드라마(하이에나)2,789 ^"October2,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(태양의계절)2,754 ^"March31,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(KBS2)저녁일일드라마(사랑의꽈배기)2,708 ^"December24,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(SBS)월화드라마(VIP)2,688 ^"February17,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.5th(MBC)주말드라마(내사랑치유기)2,660 ^"May22,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(KBS2)일일드라마(인형의집)2,613 ^"August28,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.3rd(KBS2)일일드라마(위험한약속)2,604 ^"May16,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(부부의세계)28.371% ^"February1,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(SKY캐슬)23.779% ^"February16,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(사랑의불시착)21.683% ^"Reply1988WritesCableTelevisionHistory".StooAsaie. ^"January16,2016NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)응답하라198818.803% ^"January21,2017NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)쓸쓸하고찬란하신도깨비18.680% ^"September30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)미스터션샤인18.129% ^"August18,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(ENA)이상한변호사우영우17.534% ^"February14,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(철인왕후조선중전영혼가출스캔들)17.371% ^"August8,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡2)16.582% ^"February29,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(이태원클라쓰)16.548% ^"May2,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(빈센조)14.636% ^"June12,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(우리들의블루스)14.597% ^"October30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(백일의낭군님)14.412% ^"May28,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)슬기로운의사생활14.142% ^"September16,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)슬기로운의사생활214.080% ^"October17,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(갯마을차차차)12.665% ^"March12,2016NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)시그널12.544% ^"종영'품위녀'12.1%로자체최고기록..무서운뒷심".StarNews(inKorean).20August2017. ^"August19,2017NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(품위있는그녀)12.065% ^"September1,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(호텔델루나)12.001% ^"April3,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)스물다섯스물하나11.513% ^"December28,2013NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)응답하라199411.509% ^"January18,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(슬기로운감빵생활)11.195% ^"January24,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(OCN)경이로운소문10.999% ^"March4,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(왕이된남자)10.851% ^Kim,Tong-hyung(25February2013)."ChildlessComfortlookslikeTVgame-changer".TheKoreaTimes.Retrieved4March2013. ^"February24,2013NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)JTBC특별기획드라마(무자식상팔자)10.715% ^"October24,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)특별기획지리산10.663% ^"June27,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)마인10.512% ^"May1,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡3)10.395% ^"January18,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(채널A)채널A특별기획월화드라마(쇼윈도여왕의집)10.335% ^"November29,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(남자친구)10.329% ^"April26,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)군검사도베르만10.081% ^"January13,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(알함브라궁전의추억)10.025% ^"June28,2016NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(또오해영)9.991% ^"July4,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(MBN)종편특별기획드라마(보쌈운명을훔치다)9.759% ^"March19,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)월화드라마(눈이부시게)9.731% ^"March25,2017NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(힘쎈여자도봉순)9.668% ^"February14,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡)9.656% ^"October4,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(비밀의숲2)9.408% ^"January23,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)토일미니시리즈(엉클)9.329% ^"August21,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(환혼)9.295% ^"July1,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)무법변호사8.937% ^"October27,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(청춘기록)8.740% ^"July11,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(김비서가왜그럴까)8.665% ^"October17,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(MBN)우아한가8.478% ^황소영(18October2019)."[종영]'우아한가',MBN역대최고,최고,최고".일간스포츠(inKorean).Retrieved10June2020. ^"March24,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(미스티)8.452% ^"December20,2014NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)미생8.240% ^"August30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(아는와이프)8.210% ^"October24,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(채널A)채널A금토드라마(거짓말의거짓말)8.203% ^"March31,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)수목드라마(서른아홉)8.122% ^"July1,2016NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(tvN)디어마이프렌즈8.087% ^"February1,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(SKY캐슬)6,508 ^"February16,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(사랑의불시착)6,337 ^"May16,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(부부의세계)6,248 ^"February14,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(철인왕후조선중전영혼가출스캔들)4,749 ^"September30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)미스터션샤인4,631 ^"August18,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(ENA)이상한변호사우영우4,449 ^"February29,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(이태원클라쓰)4,425 ^"September16,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)슬기로운의사생활23,853 ^"May2,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(빈센조)3,841 ^"September1,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(호텔델루나)3,674 ^"May28,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)슬기로운의사생활3,579 ^"June12,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(우리들의블루스)3,419 ^"August8,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡2)3,344 ^"October30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(백일의낭군님)3,264 ^"January24,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(OCN)경이로운소문3,257 ^"October17,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(갯마을차차차)3,237 ^"January18,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(슬기로운감빵생활)3,063 ^"April3,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)스물다섯스물하나3,047 ^"January13,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(알함브라궁전의추억)2,853 ^"October24,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)특별기획지리산2,586 ^"November29,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(남자친구)2,473 ^"March4,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(왕이된남자)2,447 ^"June27,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)마인2,429 ^"July11,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(김비서가왜그럴까)2,383 ^"August21,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(환혼)2,359 ^"April26,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)군검사도베르만2,279 ^"March19,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)월화드라마(눈이부시게)2,223 ^"January18,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(채널A)채널A특별기획월화드라마(쇼윈도여왕의집)2,195 ^"October4,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(비밀의숲2)2,186 ^"June9,2019NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)아스달연대기2,120 ^"March4,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)화유기2,115 ^"July1,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)무법변호사2,115 ^"August9,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(사이코지만괜찮아2부)2,065 ^"May1,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡3)2,060 ^"January23,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)토일미니시리즈(엉클)2,042 ^"August30,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)수목드라마(아는와이프)2,039 ^"October27,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(청춘기록)1,999 ^"August22,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)악마판사1,994 ^"September16,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(OCN)놓치지말아야할소리보이스21,957 ^"February22,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)월화드라마(고스트닥터)1,947 ^"July4,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(MBN)종편특별기획드라마(보쌈운명을훔치다)1,940 ^"March1,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(하이바이마마)1,915 ^"February14,2021NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(TVCHOSUN)주말미니시리즈(결혼작사이혼작곡)1,913 ^"March13,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)토일드라마(기상청사람들사내연애잔혹사편)1,844 ^"April22,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)토일드라마(라이브)1,823 ^"March17,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)금토드라마(미스티)1,820 ^"October24,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(채널A)채널A금토드라마(거짓말의거짓말)1,784 ^"August5,2018NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.2nd(OCN)라이프온마스1,730 ^"March17,2020NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(tvN)방법1,717 ^"March31,2022NationwideCableRatings".NielsenKorea.1st(JTBC)수목드라마(서른아홉)1,714 Bibliography[edit] 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X(14May2007)."Sageuk,Korea's80YearLongLoveforHistory".Yumcha!.Retrieved2June2014. vteTelevisiondramaseriesBylocation Arabworld China HongKong India Japan Pakistan Philippines SouthKorea Taiwan Thailand Turkey Genres Buddy Comedy-drama Economics Legal Period Police Politic Medical Sitcom Teensitcom Soapopera Telenovela Téléroman Listbycountry Hongkongese Japanese Pakistani SouthKorean Taiwanese 2000s 2010s 2020s Thai Listbygenre Comedy-drama Medicaldrama Policedrama Sciencefictionsitcom Serial Situationcomedies Soapopera Teendrama Teensitcoms Telenovela Format Serial Procedural Miniseries Relatedtopics Executiveproducer Showrunner vteTelevisioninSouthKoreaPrograms Dramas list ListofSouthKoreantelevisionseries(alphabetical) Years 1950 1951 1952 1953 1954 1955 1956 1957 1958 1959 1960 1961 1962 1963 1964 1965 1966 1967 1968 1969 1970 1971 1972 1973 1974 1975 1976 1977 1978 1979 1980 1981 1982 1983 1984 1985 1986 1987 1988 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022 vteListsoftelevisionseriesbycountryAfrica Egypt SouthAfrica Asia China HongKong Japan Lebanon NorthKorea Pakistan Philippines SouthKorea Syria Taiwan Turkey Europe Austria Bulgaria CzechRepublic Denmark Finland France Germany Greece Hungary Iceland Italy Macedonia Norway Poland Portugal Romania Russia Slovakia Spain Sweden UnitedKingdom NorthAmerica TheBahamas Belize Canada inEnglish inFrench PuertoRico Oceania Australia NewZealand SouthAmerica Brazil Colombia Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Korean_drama&oldid=1105950719" Categories:SouthKoreandramatelevisionseriesAsiandramaTelevisiondramaHiddencategories:CS1Korean-languagesources(ko)CS1usesKorean-languagescript(ko)CS1Thai-languagesources(th)HarvandSfnno-targeterrorsCS1maint:url-statusAllarticleswithdeadexternallinksArticleswithdeadexternallinksfromJune2022ArticleswithpermanentlydeadexternallinksCS1Chinese-languagesources(zh)CS1maint:archivedcopyastitleCS1errors:missingperiodicalWebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksCS1German-languagesources(de)CS1French-languagesources(fr)CS1Spanish-languagesources(es)ArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionmatchesWikidataArticlesneedingadditionalreferencesfromSeptember2021AllarticlesneedingadditionalreferencesUsedmydatesfromNovember2020ArticlescontainingKorean-languagetextAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromMarch2022WikipediaarticlesneedingclarificationfromMarch2022ArticleswithtoomanyexamplesfromMarch2022AllarticleswithtoomanyexamplesWikipediaarticleswithstyleissuesfromMarch2022ArticlescontainingoverlylongsummariesInterlanguagelinktemplateexistinglink Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages العربيةবাংলাBân-lâm-gúБългарскиCatalàDeutschEspañolفارسیFrançais한국어ՀայերենBahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתქართულიLietuviųMagyarBahasaMelayuМонголNederlands日本語NorskbokmålOʻzbekcha/ўзбекчаPolskiPortuguêsРусскийSoomaaligaکوردیСрпски/srpskiSuomiSvenskaTagalogதமிழ்ไทยTürkçeУкраїнськаTiếngViệt吴语粵語中文 Editlinks