Stye - Wikipedia

A stye, also known as a hordeolum, is a bacterial infection of an oil gland in the eyelid. This results in a red tender bump at the edge of the eyelid. Stye FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch Thisarticleisabouttheswellingofaneyelid.Forthearticleofapenwithpigs,seeSty.ForotherusesofSty,seeSty(disambiguation). MedicalconditionStyeOthernamesSty,hordeolum[1]AnexternalstyeontheuppereyelidPronunciationStye/staɪ/,hordeolum/hɔːrˈdiːələm/SpecialtyOphthalmology,optometrySymptomsRedtenderbumpattheedgeoftheeyelid[1]UsualonsetAnyage[2]DurationFewdaysorweeks[3]CausesbacterialinfectionbyStaphylococcusaureus[3]DifferentialdiagnosisChalazion[4]TreatmentWarmcompresses,antibioticeyeointment[5][6] Astye,alsoknownasahordeolum,isabacterialinfectionofanoilglandintheeyelid.[4]Thisresultsinaredtenderbumpattheedgeoftheeyelid.[1][5]Theoutsideortheinsideoftheeyelidcanbeaffected.[3] ThecauseofastyeisusuallyabacterialinfectionbyStaphylococcusaureus.[3][6]TheinternalonesareduetoinfectionofthemeibomianglandwhiletheexternalonesareduetoaninfectionoftheglandofZeis.[5]Achalazionontheotherhandisablockedoilglandwithoutinfection.[4]Achalazionistypicallyinthemiddleoftheeyelidandnotpainful.[5] Oftenastyewillgoawaywithoutanyspecifictreatmentinafewdaysorweeks.[3]Recommendationstospeedimprovementincludewarmcompresses.[5]Occasionallyantibioticeyeointmentmayberecommended.[6]Whilethesemeasuresareoftenrecommended,thereislittleevidenceforuseininternalstyes.[3]Thefrequencyatwhichstyesoccurisunclear,thoughtheymayoccuratanyage.[2] Contents 1Signsandsymptoms 1.1Complications 2Cause 3Prevention 4Treatment 4.1Antibiotics 4.2Procedures 4.3Alternativemedicine 5Prognosis 6Etymology 7Seealso 8References 9Externallinks Signsandsymptoms[edit] Styeoftheuppereyelid 8-year-oldboywithanexternalhordeolumoflowerlid Thefirstsignofastyeisasmall,yellowishspotatthecenterofthebumpthatdevelopsaspusandexpandsinthearea.[7] Otherstyesymptomsmayinclude: Alumponthetoporbottomeyelid Localizedswellingoftheeyelid Localizedpain Redness Tenderness Crustingoftheeyelidmargins Burningintheeye Droopinessoftheeyelid Scratchysensationontheeyeball(itching) Blurredvision Mucousdischargeintheeye Irritationoftheeye[8] Lightsensitivity Tearing Discomfortduringblinking[9] Sensationofaforeignbodyintheeye Complications[edit] Styecomplicationsoccurinveryrarecases.However,themostfrequentcomplicationofstyesisprogressiontoachalazionthatcausescosmeticdeformity,cornealirritation,andoftenrequiressurgicalremoval.[10]Complicationsmayalsoarisefromtheimpropersurgicallancing,andmainlyconsistofdisruptionoflashgrowth,liddeformityorlidfistula.Largestyesmayinterferewithone'svision. Eyelidcellulitisisanotherpotentialcomplicationofeyestyes,whichisageneralizedinfectionoftheeyelid.Progressionofastyetoasystemicinfection(spreadingthroughoutthebody)isextremelyrare,andonlyafewinstancesofsuchspreadhavebeenrecorded.[11] Cause[edit] Astyeiscausedbyabacterialinfection.ThebacteriaisStaphylococcusaureusinabout95%ofcases.[12]Theinfectionleadstotheblockingofanoilglandatthebaseoftheeyelash.Styesareexperiencedbypeopleofallages.Styescanbetriggeredbypoornutrition,sleepdeprivation,lackofhygiene,lackofwater,andrubbingoftheeyes.Styescanbesecondarytoblepharitisoradeficiencyinimmunoglobulin.[13] Prevention[edit] Styepreventioniscloselyrelatedtoproperhygiene.Properhandwashingcanreducetherisksofdevelopingnotonlystyes,butalsomanyothertypesofinfections. Uponawakening,applicationofawarmwashclothtotheeyelidsforonetotwominutesmaybebeneficialindecreasingtheoccurrenceofstyesbyliquefyingthecontentsoftheoilglandsoftheeyelidandtherebypreventingblockage.[14] Topreventstyes,cosmeticsandcosmeticeyetoolsshouldnotbesharedamongpeople.Likewithallinfections,regularhandwashingisessential,andtheeyesshouldnotberubbedortouchedwithuncleanhands.Contaminatedeyemakeupshouldbediscardedandsharingofwashclothsorfacetowelsshouldbecurtailed,toavoidspreadingtheinfectionbetweenindividuals.[15][16]Breakingthestyemayspreadbacteriacontainedinthepusandshouldbeavoided.[17] Treatment[edit] Mostcasesofstyesresolveontheirownwithinonetotwoweeks,withoutprofessionalcare.[3]Theprimarytreatmentisapplicationofwarmcompresses.[18]Asapartofself-careathome,peoplemaycleansetheaffectedeyelidwithtapwaterorwithamild,nonirritatingsoaporshampoo(suchasbabyshampoo)tohelpcleancrusteddischarge.Cleansingmustbedonegentlyandwhiletheeyesareclosedtopreventeyeinjuries.[19] Peoplewithstyesshouldavoideyemakeup(e.g.,eyeliner),lotions,andwearingcontactlenses,sincethesecanaggravateandspreadtheinfection(sometimestothecornea).[20]Peopleareadvisednottolancethestyethemselves,asseriousinfectioncanoccur.[20]Painrelieverssuchasacetaminophenmaybeused. Antibiotics[edit] Evidencetosupporttheuseofantibioticeyeointmentispoor.[6]Occasionallyerythromycinophthalmicointmentisrecommended.[21]Otherantibiotics,suchaschloramphenicoloramoxicillinmayalsobeused.[22]Chloramphenicolisusedsuccessfullyinmanypartsoftheworld,butcontainsablackboxwarningintheUnitedStatesduetoconcernsaboutaplasticanemia,whichonrareoccasionscanbefatal. Antibioticsarenormallygiventopeoplewithmultiplestyesorwithstyesthatdonotseemtoheal,andtopeoplewhohaveblepharitisorrosacea. Procedures[edit] Incisionanddrainageisperformedifresolutiondoesnotbegininthenext48hoursafterwarmcompressesarestarted.Medicalprofessionalswillsometimeslanceaparticularlypersistentorirritatingstyewithaneedletoaccelerateitsdraining.[23] Surgeryisthelastresortinstyetreatment.Styesthatdonotrespondtoanytypeoftherapiesareusuallysurgicallyremoved.Styesurgeryisperformedbyanophthalmologist,andgenerallyunderlocalanesthesia.Theprocedureconsistsofmakingasmallincisionontheinneroroutersurfaceoftheeyelid,dependingifthestyeispointingexternallyornot.Aftertheincisionismade,thepusisdrainedoutofthegland,andverysmallsuturesareusedtoclosethelesion.Sometimestheremovedstyeissentforahistopathologicalexaminationtoinvestigatepossibilityofskincancer. Alternativemedicine[edit] A2017Cochranereviewfoundlow-certaintyevidencethatacupuncturehelpsinhordeolumcomparedwithantibioticsorwarmcompresses.[24]Therewasalsolow-certaintyevidencethatacupunctureplususualtreatmentmayincreasethechanceofhordeolumgettingbetter,thoughtheycouldnotruleoutplaceboorobservereffect,sincethestudiesreviewedeitherhadnopositivecontrol,werenotblinded,orboth.[24] Prognosis[edit] Althoughstyesareharmlessinmostcasesandcomplicationsareveryrare,styesoftenrecur.Theydonotcauseintraoculardamage,meaningtheydonotaffecttheeye.Styesnormallyhealontheirownbyrupturingwithinafewdaystoaweekcausingthereliefofsymptoms,butifitdoesnotimproveoritworsenswithintwoweeks,adoctor'sopinionshouldbesought.Fewpeoplerequiresurgeryaspartofstyetreatment.Withadequatetreatment,styestendtohealquicklyandwithoutcomplications. Theprognosisisbetterifonedoesnotattempttosqueezeorpuncturethestye,asinfectionmayspreadtoadjacenttissues.Also,patientsarerecommendedtocalladoctoriftheyencounterproblemswithvision,theeyelidbumpbecomesverypainful,thestyebleedsorreoccurs,ortheeyelidoreyesbecomesred.[25] Etymology[edit] Thewordstye(firstrecordedinthe17thcentury)isprobablyaback-formationfromstyany(firstrecordedinthe15thcentury),[26]whichinturncomesfromstyanpluseye,[27]theformerofwhichinturncomesfromtheoldEnglishstīġend,meaning"riser",fromtheverbstīġan,"torise"(inOldEnglishGisoftenaYsound).TheolderformstyanisstillusedinUlsterScotstoday. Thehomonymstyfoundinthecombinationpigstyhasaslightlydifferentorigin,namelyitcomesfromtheOldEnglishstī-fearh—fearh(farrow)istheOldEnglishwordfor"pig"—wherestigmeant"hall"(cf.steward),possiblyanearlyOldNorseloanword,whichcouldbecognatewiththewordstīġanabove.[28] ThesynonymouslateLatinexpressionishordeolumamodulationofthewordhordeolussimplyrelatedtohordeum("barley"),afteritsresemblancetoabarleycorn.InCzech,astyiscalledječnézrno(fromječmen"barley"andzrno"seedorgrain");inGerman,itiscalledGerstenkorn(barleycorn).InHebrewitiscalled"שעורה"Seh-oh-Ráh(Barley) Seealso[edit] Boil References[edit] ^abc"Hordeolum(Stye)".PubMedHealth.Archivedfromtheoriginalon8September2017.Retrieved14October2016. ^abFerri,FredF.(2016).Ferri'sClinicalAdvisor2017:5Booksin1.ElsevierHealthSciences.p. 1219.ISBN 9780323448383.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2016-10-18. ^abcdefgLindsleyK,NicholsJJ,DickersinK(2017)."Non-surgicalinterventionsforacuteinternalhordeolum".CochraneDatabaseSystRev.1:CD007742.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007742.pub4.PMC 5370090.PMID 28068454. ^abc"EyelidDisordersChalazion&Stye".NEI.4May2010.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18October2016.Retrieved14October2016. ^abcdeCarlisle,RT;Digiovanni,J(15July2015)."DifferentialDiagnosisoftheSwollenRedEyelid".AmericanFamilyPhysician.92(2):106–12.PMID 26176369. ^abcdDeibel,JP;Cowling,K(May2013)."Ocularinflammationandinfection".EmergencyMedicineClinicsofNorthAmerica.31(2):387–97.doi:10.1016/j.emc.2013.01.006.PMID 23601478. ^"Whatarethesignsandsymptomsofasty?".Medicinenet.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-07.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"StyeSymptoms".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-06.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"Symptoms".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-03-07.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"HordeolumandStye:Follow-up".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-09.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"Whatistheprognosis(outcome)ofasty?".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-12.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"Stye".NIH-StatPearls-Stye.StatPearls.2021. ^Tamparo,Carol;Lewis,Marcia(2011).DiseasesoftheHumanBody.Philadelphia,PA:F.ADavisCompany.p. 504.ISBN 978-0-8036-2505-1. ^"Prevention".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-10.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^"VisionWeb".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonSeptember9,2017. ^"BBC-Health-Askthedoctor-Styes".ArchivedfromtheoriginalonFebruary1,2010. ^"MerckManual-TreatYourSty". ^"HowToGetRidofaStyeOvernight".CollinsvillePrimaryEyeCare.2021-04-24.Retrieved2021-04-28. ^"MedicalTreatment".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-11.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^ab"MerckManual-ChalazionandStye(Hordeolum)". ^"Medscape:MedscapeAccess".Emedicine.com.2018-11-19.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2008-08-04. ^eMedicine-PeriorbitalInfections :ArticlebyRGentryWilkerson,MD.Archived2007-04-03attheWaybackMachine ^Sty(Stye,Hordeolum)Causes,InfectionSymptomsandTreatmentbyMedicineNet.comArchived2007-05-20attheWaybackMachine ^abChengK,LawA,GuoM,WieldandLS,ShenX,LaoL(2017)."Acupunctureforacutehordeolum".CochraneDatabaseSystRev.2(9):CD011075.doi:10.1002/14651858.CD011075.pub2.PMC 5378315.PMID 28181687. ^"Eyelidbump".Archivedfromtheoriginalon2010-04-10.Retrieved2010-04-06. ^sty,n.4:"sty".OxfordEnglishDictionary(Online ed.).OxfordUniversityPress. (Subscriptionorparticipatinginstitutionmembershiprequired.) ^"styan".OxfordEnglishDictionary(Online ed.).OxfordUniversityPress. (Subscriptionorparticipatinginstitutionmembershiprequired.) ^sty,n.3:"sty".OxfordEnglishDictionary(Online ed.).OxfordUniversityPress. (Subscriptionorparticipatinginstitutionmembershiprequired.) Externallinks[edit] LookupstyeinWiktionary,thefreedictionary. WikimediaCommonshasmediarelatedtoStye. MerckManual "Stye".NIH-StatPearls-Stye.StatPearls.2021. ClassificationDICD-10:H00.0ICD-9-CM:373.11MeSH:D006726DiseasesDB:12583ExternalresourcesMedlinePlus:001009eMedicine:emerg/755 vteDiseasesofthehumaneyeAdnexaEyelidInflammation Stye Chalazion Blepharitis Meibomianglanddysfunction Entropion Ectropion Lagophthalmos Blepharochalasis Ptosis Blepharophimosis Xanthelasma Ankyloblepharon Eyelash Trichiasis Madarosis Lacrimalapparatus Dacryoadenitis Epiphora Dacryocystitis Xerophthalmia Orbit Exophthalmos Enophthalmos Orbitalcellulitis Orbitallymphoma Periorbitalcellulitis Conjunctiva Conjunctivitis allergic Pterygium Pseudopterygium Pinguecula Subconjunctivalhemorrhage GlobeFibroustunicSclera Scleritis Episcleritis Cornea Keratitis herpetic acanthamoebic fungal Exposure Photokeratitis Cornealulcer Thygeson'ssuperficialpunctatekeratopathy Cornealdystrophy Fuchs' Meesmann Cornealectasia Keratoconus Pellucidmarginaldegeneration Keratoglobus Terrien'smarginaldegeneration Post-LASIKectasia Keratoconjunctivitis sicca Cornealopacity Cornealneovascularization Kayser–Fleischerring Haab'sstriae Arcussenilis Bandkeratopathy VasculartunicIrisCiliarybody Uveitis Intermediateuveitis Hyphema Rubeosisiridis Persistentpupillarymembrane Iridodialysis Synechia Choroid Choroideremia Choroiditis Chorioretinitis Lens Cataract Congenitalcataract Childhoodcataract Aphakia Ectopialentis Retina Retinitis Chorioretinitis Cytomegalovirusretinitis Retinaldetachment Retinoschisis Ocularischemicsyndrome /Centralretinalveinocclusion Centralretinalarteryocclusion Branchretinalarteryocclusion Retinopathy diabetic hypertensive Purtscher's ofprematurity Bietti'scrystallinedystrophy Coats'disease Sicklecell Maculardegeneration Retinitispigmentosa Retinalhaemorrhage Centralserousretinopathy Macularedema Epiretinalmembrane(Macularpucker) Vitelliformmaculardystrophy Leber'scongenitalamaurosis Birdshotchorioretinopathy Other Glaucoma /Ocularhypertension /Primaryjuvenileglaucoma Floater Leber'shereditaryopticneuropathy Redeye Globerupture Keratomycosis Phthisisbulbi Persistentfetalvasculature /Persistenthyperplasticprimaryvitreous Persistenttunicavasculosalentis Familialexudativevitreoretinopathy PathwaysOpticnerveOpticdisc Opticneuritis opticpapillitis Papilledema FosterKennedysyndrome Opticatrophy Opticdiscdrusen Opticneuropathy Ischemic anterior (AION) posterior (PION) Kjer's Leber'shereditary Toxicandnutritional StrabismusExtraocularmusclesBinocularvisionAccommodationParalyticstrabismus Ophthalmoparesis Chronicprogressiveexternalophthalmoplegia Kearns–Sayresyndrome palsies Oculomotor(III) Fourth-nerve(IV) Sixth-nerve(VI) Otherstrabismus Esotropia /Exotropia Hypertropia Heterophoria Esophoria Exophoria Cyclotropia Brown'ssyndrome Duanesyndrome Otherbinocular Conjugategazepalsy Convergenceinsufficiency Internuclearophthalmoplegia Oneandahalfsyndrome Refraction Refractiveerror Hyperopia Myopia Astigmatism Anisometropia /Aniseikonia Presbyopia VisiondisordersBlindness Amblyopia Leber'scongenitalamaurosis Diplopia Scotoma Colorblindness Achromatopsia Dichromacy Monochromacy Nyctalopia Oguchidisease Blindness /Visionloss /Visualimpairment Anopsia Hemianopsia binasal bitemporal homonymous Quadrantanopia subjective Asthenopia Hemeralopia Photophobia Scintillatingscotoma Pupil Anisocoria ArgyllRobertsonpupil MarcusGunnpupil Adiesyndrome Miosis Mydriasis Cycloplegia Parinaud'ssyndrome Other Nystagmus Childhoodblindness Infections Trachoma Onchocerciasis Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Stye&oldid=1067807591" Categories:Disordersofeyelid,lacrimalsystemandorbitEyeHiddencategories:WebarchivetemplatewaybacklinksArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataCommonscategorylinkfromWikidataWikipediamedicinearticlesreadytotranslateWikipedianeurologyarticlesreadytotranslate Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English expanded collapsed Views ReadEditViewhistory More expanded collapsed Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages العربيةAragonésAzərbaycancaБеларускаяBikolCentralBoarischCatalàČeštinaDanskDeutschދިވެހިބަސްEestiEspañolEuskaraفارسیFrançaisGaeilgeGalegoગુજરાતી한국어Հայերենहिन्दीHrvatskiBahasaIndonesiaItalianoעבריתಕನ್ನಡКыргызчаLëtzebuergeschLietuviųLimburgsMagyarമലയാളംमराठीNederlands日本語Norskbokmålଓଡ଼ିଆPolskiPortuguêsRomânăРусскийScotsසිංහලSimpleEnglishСрпски/srpskiSrpskohrvatski/српскохрватскиSundaSuomiSvenskaТатарча/tatarçaไทยТоҷикӣᏣᎳᎩTürkçeУкраїнськаاردوTiếngViệt吴语中文 Editlinks