Monster Mortar - Wikipedia

The Monster Mortar (French: Mortier Monstre) was one of the largest mortars ever developed. Also called Leopold or the Liege mortar, the 24 inches (610 mm) ... MonsterMortar FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch HeavymortarMonstermortarMonstermortaremployedduringthesiegeofAntwerpCitadelin1832TypeHeavymortarPlace of originBelgiumServicehistoryIn service1832Used byBelgiumWarsSiegeofAntwerp(1832)ProductionhistoryDesignerHenri-JosephPaixhansDesigned1832ManufacturerRoyalcannonfoundryofLiège[1]No. built2SpecificationsMass7,750 kg(17,090 lb)(withoutcarriage)[2]Barrel length22feet(6.7 m)Caliber24inches(610 mm)[3]Barrels1Feed systemMuzzleloadingFillingpowderFilling weightMax.14 kg(31 lb)[2] TheMonsterMortar(French:MortierMonstre)wasoneofthelargestmortarseverdeveloped.AlsocalledLeopoldortheLiegemortar,the24inches(610 mm)calibermortarwasconceivedbytheFrenchartilleryofficerHenri-JosephPaixhans.ThemortarwasmanufacturedunderthedirectionoftheBelgianMinisterofWarBaronLouisEvainandcastattheBelgianroyalfoundryinLiège,Belgiumin1832.ItsawactionattheBattleofAntwerpinDecember1832. Contents 1Description 2Service 2.1Belgianrevolution 2.2SiegeofAntwerp 3Seealso 4References 5Furtherreading Description[edit] TheMonsterMortarwasorderedbytheBelgianMinisterofWarBaronEmpain.ConceivedbytheFrenchartilleryofficerHenri-JosephPaixhans,the24inches(610 mm)[4]calibermortarwascastattheBelgianroyalfoundryofCannonsin1832inLiège,Belgium. NexttotheMonsterMortar,thelargestmortarseverdevelopedweretwo36inches(914 mm)calibermortars:Mallet'sMortar,designedbyRobertMalletandtestedbytheWoolwichArsenal,London,in1857;and"LittleDavid"developedintheUnitedStatesforuseinWorldWarII.Thesemortarsneversawaction.[5] Service[edit] Belgianrevolution[edit] TheBelgianRevolutionthatbeganinAugust1830ledtothesecessionofthesouthernprovincesfromtheUnitedKingdomoftheNetherlandsandestablishedanindependentKingdomofBelgium.TheDutchkingWilliamIintendedtosuppresstheBelgianRevolution[6]byinvadingBelgiumon2August1831.OverthecourseofthenextfewdaysBelgianforcesweredefeatedseveraltimesinbattleandDutchtroopsadvanceddeepintoBelgianterritoryuntil,on8 August,theBelgiangovernmentappealedtoFranceforsupport.FollowingtheTenDays'CampaignoftheFrenchArméeduNordunderMarshalÉtienneGérard,theDutchtroopsstartedtowithdraw.TheKingoftheNetherlandsorderedtheDutchGeneralDavidHendrikChassétoholdtheCitadelofAntwerpatallcostswith4500men.[7] SiegeofAntwerp[edit] Fromthecitadel,ChassébombardedthecityofAntwerp,settingfiretohundredsofhomesandcausingmanycasualtiesamongthecivilianpopulation.TheseeventsledtothesecondinterventionbytheFrench.On15 November1832,theFrenchArméeduNordanditssiegespecialistFrançoisHaxobegantolaytheDutchtroopsundersiege,quicklyoccupyingFortMontebellosituatedtotheeastofthecitadelandtothesouthofthecityfromwhichtheystartedfiringatthecitadel.[8] The"MonsterMortar"sawactionon21Decemberand22December1832butwasabandonedinFortMontebellosoonafter.[9]ThemortarusedduringtheSiegeofAntwerpexplodedduringatestfiringon18May1833inBrasschaat,nearAntwerp.[10]AsecondmonstermortarwasmanufacturedinLiègein1834[11] Seealso[edit] Listofheavymortars Listofthelargestcannonbycaliber References[edit] Notes ^CentreLiégeoisd'Histoireetd'ArchéologieMilitaires(2June1983)."LaFonderieRoyaledeCanonsàLiège".clham.org(inFrench).Archivedfromtheoriginalon11August2014.Retrieved8February2014. ^abManceron,V.(January1873)."Mortiersàâmelisse".Desbouchesàfeurayéesdestinéesàtirersurdesouvrageshorizontaux —obusiersetmortiersrayés.Revued'Artillerie(inFrench).p. 322. ^UnitedServiceMagazine1833,p. 364. ^FrenchcontemporarysourcesreportthattheMonsterMortarhadacaliberof22inches.Beforetheadoptionofthemetricsystem,severalEuropeancountrieshadcustomaryunitswhosenametranslatesinto"inch".TheFrenchpoucemeasured27.88mm,atleastwhenappliedtodescribethecalibreofartillerypieces(seealso:UnitsofmeasurementinFranceandMesuresusuelles).22Frenchinchesareequivalentto24Englishinches. ^"LargestMortar".GuinnessWorldRecords.Archivedfromtheoriginalon10February2006.Retrieved4April2006. ^Pirenne1948,p. 32. ^KoninklijkNederlandsLegermuseum(2006)."HetbelegvandeCitadelvanAntwerpenin1832"[TheSiegeoftheCitadelofAntwerpin1832](PDF)(inDutch).Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on24July2011. ^"ThesiegeofthecitadelofAntwerp.Thesurrender".TheSydneyGazetteandNewSouthWalesAdvertiser:3.21May1833. ^MartindeBrettes&Corréard1856,p. 44. ^"Faitscurieux,variétés".LeVoleurillustré :Cabinetdelectureuniversel(inFrench).25June1833.p. 557.ISSN 2022-4966. ^Bardin,B.(1849)."Mortier".Dictionnairedel'arméedeterre —Rechercheshistoriquessurl'artetlesusagesmilitairesdesanciensetdesmodernes(inFrench).Vol. 12.p. 3725. Bibliography "TheSiegeofAntwerpin1832".TheUnitedServiceMagazine:289–392.1833. MartindeBrettes,JeanBaptiste;Corréard,J.(1856)."MortierMonstre".Recueildesbouchesàfeulesplusremarquablesdepuisl'originedelapoudreàcanonjusqu'ànosjours(inFrench).pp. 44–45. Pirenne,Henri(1948).HistoiredeBelgique.Vol. VII:DelaRévolutionde1830àlaGuerrede1914(2nd ed.).Brussels:MauriceLamertin. Furtherreading[edit] "TheMonsterMortarofAntwerp".TheMechanics'Magazine,Museum,Register,Journal,andGazette.M.Salmon.1833.pp. 374–375. Meyer,HermannJulius(1908)."Mörser".MeyersKonversations-Lexikon(inGerman).Vol. 18.Leipzig:BibliographischesInstitut.p. 160.DerPaixhansscheM.(mortier-monstre,Lüttich)von1832wog155Ztr.undhatte60 cmSeelendurchmesser;dieBombewog103/4Ztr.einschließlich1Ztr.Sprengladung. vanNeck,Léon(1905).1830illustré:avant,pendantetaprèslarévolution(inFrench).O.Lamberty.p. 159. Wille,Richard(1872)."Lescanonsobusier".LescanonsgéantsduMoyenÂgeetdestempsmodernes(inFrench).Paris:Ch.Tanera.pp. 37–38. ChevalierdeRichemont(1833).Siègedelacitadelled'Anvers,parl'arméefrançaise,souslesordresdumaréchalcomteGérard(inFrench).p. 151. Oppelt,Gustave(1861).HistoiregénéraleetchronologiquedelaBelgique,de1830à1860,avecuneintroductionremontantauxévénementsde1787(inFrench).M.Hayez.p. 870. Paixhans,H.J.(1849)."NoteNsurunmortierextraordinaire".ConstitutionmilitairedelaFrance(inFrench).J.Dumaine.p. 282. Roche,M(1833)."NoticesurletirdumortierPaixhansdevingtdeuxpoucesemployéausièged'Anvers".Journaldessciencesmilitaires(inFrench).R.Chapelot.p. 125. Raffet,Auguste(1833).Dessinsfaitsd'aprèsnatureausiègedelacitadelled'Anvers(inFrench).Paris:Gihautfrères.OCLC 185393756. "TheMilitaryOrganizationofBelgium".TheUnitedServiceMagazine:8–20.1833. Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Monster_Mortar&oldid=1015341825" Categories:MortarsofBelgiumHiddencategories:CS1French-languagesources(fr)CS1Dutch-languagesources(nl)CS1:Julian–GregorianuncertaintyArticleswithshortdescriptionShortdescriptionisdifferentfromWikidataArticlescontainingFrench-languagetextCS1:longvolumevalueCS1German-languagesources(de)UsedmydatesfromJune2017 Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Languages Addlinks