Mass media in Taiwan - Wikipedia

The mass media in Taiwan is considered to be one of the freest and most competitive in Asia. Cable TV usage is high (around 80%) and there is also a wide ... MassmediainTaiwan FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch ThemassmediainTaiwanisconsideredtobeoneofthefreestandmostcompetitiveinAsia.CableTVusageishigh(around80%)andthereisalsoawideselectionofnewspapersavailablecoveringmostpoliticalviewpoints. Contents 1Taiwan'smediahistory 2Cabletelevision 3Radio 4Newspapers 5Magazinesandperiodicals 6Internet 7Mediaenvironment 8Seealso 9References 9.1Citations 9.2Sources Taiwan'smediahistory[edit] WhileTaiwan'smediafreedommayrankamongthetopfewnationsinAsiatoday,itsprogresstoitscurrentstateofvibrancywasnotwithoutastruggle.[1]TheJapaneseoccupationofTaiwanfrom1895to1945didnotslowdownthepaceofeconomicmodernisationontheisland;theKuomintang(KMT,NationalistParty)alsobuiltonthesuccessesofitspredecessorstomodernizeandthisprovidedthebasisforitsmassmediaindustrytodevelop.[2]However,KMT'spursuitofeconomicprogressanddemocraticidealsdidnotautomaticallymeanthatTaiwan'smediacouldfulfillitsroleasthefourthestateofdemocracy,asacheckonthegovernment.Themartiallaweramediawaskeptonatightleashandtheexplicitprohibitionfromenquiringaboutthen-PresidentChiangKai-shek,reinforcedthecultureofdeferencetoKMTpoliticiansevenfurther.[2]Itwouldnotbesurprisingtoobservemainstreammedia'scloserelationswiththeKMTregime,astheauthoritariannatureofKMTdeterminedmediafirms’businesspractices.TaiwanesemediawasstructuredtotransmittheofficialideologydecidedbytheKMT,suchastheemphasizedHanChineseidentityoverTaiwaneseidentity,inresponsetopoliticalandnationalsecurityconcernsasclaimedbythelatter.[3]Theofficialmedia'sroleinTaiwanesesocietywastocommunicatethegovernment'sdecisions,mobilisingpeoplearounditsagendaandfindingwaystoworktowardsmeetingtheregime'sobjectivesundertheclosesupervisionbytheGovernmentInformationOffice.[2] Inanefforttocurbdissent,KMTpromulgatedtheEnforcementRulesforthePublicationsActin1952,whicheffectivelybannedtheestablishmentofanymorenewmagazines,newspapersandnewsagenciesduringTaiwan'smartiallawera(1949–1987).[4]From1952to1987,therewere31newspapersinTaiwan,andby1974,44newsagencies.[5]Yetthisdidnotseemtopreventdissentingvoicesfromseekingitsspaceinthepublicsphereandinresponse,theKMTbeganemployingalternativemethodstolimittheoppositionmovementfromgainingtraction.TheauthorsofmaterialwhichoffendstheKMTweresubjectedtoreprisals,wheretheKMTandgovernmentofficialsrepeatedlyfiledcriminallibelandseditionsuitsagainstthem,whichoftenresultedinjailterms.[6]ThisperiodofharshsuppressionhasalsobeenrememberedastheWhiteTerrorinTaiwanesehistory,wherehigh-profileandeducateddissidentssuchasProfessorChenWen-chenbegantodisappear.[7]Undersuchcircumstances,alternativeradioandtelevisionchannelscontinuedtothriveinTaiwanasasubversiveundergroundmovementtopushfordemocratization,freedomandcivilrights,eventhoughtheywerebarredfromestablishingthemselvesonofficialairways.Theundergroundmedia'sstatusprovidedafocusfororganisedandsustainedoppositiontotheKMT-dominatedstate,whereitsmagazinesprovidedavoiceforthepoliticallymarginalisedTaiwanesesinceitwasnotcoveredbythepressban.[2]Specifically,theundergroundmediabroughtthelivesofKMTpoliticiansunderscrutinyandalsobroughtoppositionactiviststotheattentionoftheiraudience,familiarisingthepeoplewiththeirnamesandplatforms.[2] Thisconvergenceofoppositionideologiesintheundergroundmediascenealsosawthebeginningofanentwinementofinterestsbetweenboththeundergroundmediaoperatorsandthemainoppositiongroupingatthattime,Tangwai.Inatimewherecabletelevisionwasbanned,itsoperatorshaveseenthepartnershipwithoppositionpoliticiansasmutuallybeneficial,sincecabletelevisioncanbeusedasapowerfulvehicletopromotethepoliticians’goalsandinreturn,theoperatorsgainlobbyistsfortheirbusinessgoals.[3]ThethenillegaloppositiongroupingTangwaionlytookitscurrentoppositionliberalDemocraticProgressiveParty(DPP)formin1986andeventhenitwasdoneillegally.[8]Mediaoperatorsandpoliticiansonbothendofthepoliticalspectrumforgedcloserelationsduringthemartiallawera,withwhomevertheirvestedinterestslieinandthispatternpersistedontothesituationtoday,albeitintheformofmediaoutletsthataresympathetictooneofthetwomajorparties.[1]TheproximitybetweenDPPmembersandcabletelevisionfirmssuggeststhat,apatronclientrelationshipwassustainedbetweenthematthattime.Furthermore,ithasbeenrevealedthat20politiciansfromtheDPPhadinvestmentsintheoperationof35pro-DPPcabletelevisionsystemsin1994.[3]Withacommongoalandmaterialsupportfortheoppositioncampaignfromtheundergroundmedia,DPPpressedforgreaterliberalizationofmediaandcivilrightsforthepeople.YieldingunderpopularpressureandUnitedStates,KMTliftedthe38yearsofmartiallawimposedonTaiwanandtheDPPbecamealegalpoliticalpartyin1989,withcabletelevisionlegalizedwiththeenactmentoftheCableRadioandTelevisionAct.[4] KMTwasnotapassivepartyinthisprocessofnegotiationformedialiberalization,althoughitseemsslowinrespondingtotherapidlytransformingelectronicmediaenvironmentandthattheDPPhadanupperhandintheundergroundmediaenvironment.Duringthereviewperiodforthedraftcablelaw,oneofthemostcontroversialarticlesaddedbythelegislaturewasthebanonpoliticalpartyownershipofcablesystemsthatarecriticalofKMT.[3]Thisarticlecouldbearguedasaneffortmadetowardspreservingequalityandlevelingtheplayingfieldforthecabletelevisionsystems.However,KMTrejectedthearticleandallowedpoliticalpartiestofinancecablesystems.Beforetheenactmentofthecablelaw,KMThasalreadysetupPo-HsinMultimediainordertotakeashareofthecablemarketupontheenactmentofthecablelaw.[3]RecentreformeffortshaveseenthisgapfilledupasthenewRadioandTelevisionBroadcastingLawrequiredthegovernment,thepoliticalpartiesandthemilitarytogiveuptheirelectronicmediashareholdingby26December2005.[9]Sincethelegalizationofcabletelevision,KMThaslostitspowerovertheindustrycontrarytowhatitsoriginalexpectationofsustaininginfluenceoverthemedium.[3]Withtherapidproliferationofprintandbroadcastmediafollowingliberalisationandtherepealofrestrictionsontransmittingandreceivingcabletelevisionbroadcasts,themarkethastakenoverthestateasthedominantinfluenceoverthemassmediaindustry. AnofficialofPresidentChenShui-bian'sCabinetsaid:”IfthepublicdislikescertainTVchannelorradiostationwhichtheythinkismanipulatedbyacertainpartyorindividualtheydetest,theysimplyrefusetowatchitorlistentoit.”[2]Theongoinganti-monopolydisputeinvolvingWantWantChinaBroadband'sproposaltopurchaseChinaNetworkSystemsseemstohighlighttheTaiwanesegovernment'santipathytowardsmonopolies.IfthemergerisapprovedbytheNationalCommunicationsCommission(NCC),themultibillion-dollardealwouldallowtheWantWantconglomeratetosecure23percentofTaiwan'scablesubscribersandapproximatelyone-thirdoftheoverallmediamarket.[1]ThediversityofopinioninTaiwanesemediaishighlyregardedbynotonlythejournalistcirclebutalsobythewiderpublicwhorecognizesitsimportanceinmaintainingtheirsociety'spluralisticnature. Cabletelevision[edit] Mainarticle:TelevisioninTaiwan CabletelevisionisprevalentinTaiwan,asaresultofcheapsubscriptionrates(typicallyaroundNT$550,orUS$15amonth)andthepaucityoffree-to-airtelevision,whichcomprisesabout20channels.ProgrammingismostlyinMandarinandTaiwanese,withafewchannelsinHakkaorEnglish.Therearealsoprogramsinotherforeignlanguages,mainlyeastAsianandsouth-eastAsianlanguages.Miniseries,calledTaiwanesedrama,arepopular.ThereisadedicatedstationforTaiwan'sHakkaminorityaswellasthearrivalin2005ofanaboriginalchannel.Therearearound100channelswithmoststationsbeingdedicatedtoaparticulargenre;suchasgameshows,news,anime,movies,sportsanddocumentaries.AlmostallprogramsareintheoriginallanguagewithtraditionalChinesesubtitles. Thecabletelevisionsystemcomprisesaroundonehundreddifferentchannels,rangingfromnews,sport,variety,game,music,children's,foreign,movieanddocumentarychannels. TheTaiwanesegovernmentispromotingdigitalsignaltelevision,providedthroughaset-topbox.Theanalogsignalofairtelevisionwasturnedoffon30June2012. Radio[edit] TherearemanystationsacrosstheAMandFMspectrumbroadcastingawidevarietyofprogramming.Talk-shows,popularmusicandclassicsongsaresomeofthemostfrequentlyheardsubjects.ExclusivelyTaiwanese-languagestationshaveenjoyedasurgeinpopularitysincetheendofthemartiallaweraandregulationsrestrictingtheuseoflanguagesotherthanMandarinChinese. Thislistisincomplete;youcanhelpbyaddingmissingitems.(August2008) BroadcastingCorporationofChina-Nationalandregionalnetworks RadioTaiwanInternational-Nationalbroadcaster;alsobeamsservicestomainlandChinaandtherestoftheworldwithprogrammesinvariouslanguagesandChinesedialects InternationalCommunityRadioTaipei-Taiwan'sonlynationalEnglish-languagestation PublicRadioSystem-Government-run;travel,weather,socialinformation HitFMandKissRadioTaiwanbothplaypopularChinesemusic UFORadio-Second-largeststationinTaiwan.Verypopular.PlaysalldifferentkindsofmusicsuchasC-pop,J-pop,andAmericanpop VoiceofHan-MilitaryRadioStation FuxingRadio-MilitaryRadioStation TaipeiBroadcastingStation NationalEducationRadio Wikipedia'sTaiwanRadioStationTable(inChinese) Newspapers[edit] Foramorecomprehensivelist,seeListofnewspapersinTaiwan. NewspapersinTaiwan Between1952and1987thenumberofpapersinTaiwanwasaconstant31astherewasabanonopeningnewpapers.CensorshipduringthisperiodwasheavywiththeKMTregimehavingneartotalcontroloverthepapers.Itwasn’tuntilliberalizationin1988thatindependentnewspaperswereallowedtoopen,bytheendof1988126newspapersoperatedinTaiwan.[10] Mostpopularnewspapersinclude: ChinaTimes(ZhongguoShibao) LibertyTimes(ZiyouShibao) UnitedDailyNews(LianheBao) NewspapersinEnglish: TaipeiTimes(TaibeiShibao,Chinese:台北時報) TaiwanToday(JinriTaiwan,Chinese:今日台灣) TheChinaPost(YingwenZhongguoYoubao,Chinese:英文中國郵報) Othernewspapers: CommercialTimes(GongshangRibao) DigiTimes(DianziShibao)-ITindustrynews EconomicDailyNews(JingjiRibao) MandarinDailyNews(GuoyuRibao)-Children'snewspaper,writtenwithZhuyinaccompanyingthetext TaiwanTimes(TaiwanShibao) YouthDailyNews,youthciviliansandmilitarydailynewspaper Ceasedpublication: ChinaTimes(Night)(ZhongshiWanbao) IndependeceEveningPost(ZiliWanbao) MinShengBao(MinShengBao) TaiwanDaily(TaiwanRibao) Availableonlyindigitalformat: AppleDaily(PingguoRibao) CentralDailyNews(ZhongyangRibao) TaiwanNews(Englishnewspaper) TheNewsLens(Guānjiànpínglùnwǎng,Chinese:關鍵評論網) Magazinesandperiodicals[edit] In1988,therewereonlyabout3,400magazinepublishersinthecountry.Today,thenumberhasbeenrapidlyincreasingto4,827(byAugust2006).Magazinesarevariousindifferentcontents,includingbusiness,politics,entertainment,languages,lifestyle,technology,health,cooking,automobiles,women,education,travelingetc. Internet[edit] Taiwanisoneofthemostwiredplacesintheworld-broadbandorcablemodemaccessisrelativelycheapandfast.In2005therewere13.8millioninternetusersand2.8millionwebhostsinTaiwan(foratotalpopulationof22.9million).Apopularfeatureofevensmalltownsareinternetcafes(Chinese:網咖,Pinyin:wǎngkā),whichareopen24-hourandsellavarietyoffoodanddrinksothatthemainlyteenageonlinegamerswhoinhabitthemdonothavetostraytoofarfromtheirmonitors.Taiwanwebsitesusethe.twdomain. TaiwanhassomeonlineresourcesavailableinEnglish: ChinaNewsAgency-GovernmentownednewsagencybasedinTaipei EatNews-EconomicandPoliticalMediaLimitedownednewsagencybasedinTaipei Mediaenvironment[edit] Duetoitsrapidchangeandquickdevelopment,themediainTaiwanhasbeeninanacrimoniouslycompetitiveenvironment.Coveringamarketof23millionpeople,thecountryhas8twenty-four-hournewsstations(comparedto3intheUS,3intheUK,and3inJapan),approximately200radiostations,about2,500newspaperpublishers,andmorethan4,000magazinepublishers;moreover,TaiwanalsohasthehighestdensityofSatelliteNewsGathering(SNG)trucksintheworld:23millionpeopleareservedby82trucks,comparedto120million/71inJapan,7million/1inHongKong,48million/40inKorea,and1billion/300inIndia.However,inordertoearnahigherNielsenratinginsuchacompetitivemarket,sometimestheshowstendtoincludesexualandviolentcontents.Sensationalheadlinesareoftenpickedup.[citationneeded] Seealso[edit] CultureofTaiwan Taiwanesedrama TaiwanPublicTelevisionServiceFoundation(PTS) TelevisioninTaiwan CensorshipinTaiwan PressFreedomIndex References[edit] Citations[edit] ^abcTaiwan(2012-04-25)."Taiwan|Countryreport|FreedomofthePress|2012".Freedomhouse.org.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^abcdefGaryD.RawnsleyGaryD.Rawnsley(2004-01-01)."TreadingaFineLine:DemocratisationandtheMediainTaiwan|ParliamentaryAffairs|OxfordAcademic"(PDF).Pa.oxfordjournals.org.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2015-10-10.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^abcdef"Archivedcopy".www.amic.org.sg.Archivedfromtheoriginalon27February2014.Retrieved2February2022.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^ab"Archivedcopy"(PDF).www.ey.gov.tw.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on18October2012.Retrieved15January2022.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitle(link) ^HanCheung(29December2019)."TaiwaninTime:Unleashingthemediafree-for-all".TaipeiTimes.Retrieved29December2019. ^"TheUnknownTaiwan-Media".Cwcmf.net.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^"Reportshedslighton1981mystery".TaipeiTimes.2017-01-01.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^"ApplicationControlViolation"(PDF).Tfd.org.tw.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^"KMTsellsmediaoutlets".TheChinaPost.Retrieved2017-01-07. ^Cheung,Han(29December2019)."TaiwaninTime:Unleashingthemediafree-for-all".www.taipeitimes.com.TaipeiTimes.Retrieved29December2019. Sources[edit] LibraryresourcesaboutMassmediainTaiwan Resourcesinyourlibrary Resourcesinotherlibraries BBCCountryProfile:Taiwan CIA-TheWorldFactbook:Taiwan Ma,Ringo(2003).StatusofmediainTaiwan.InEncyclopediaofinternationalmediaandcommunications(Vol.4,pp. 329–339).SanDiego,CA:AcademicPress. vteTaiwan articlesHistory TimelineofTaiwanesehistory Prehistory archaeologicalsites KingdomofMiddag DutchFormosa SpanishFormosa KingdomofTungning TaiwanunderQingrule RepublicofFormosa TaiwanunderJapaneserule RepublicofChina RetreattoTaiwan Guanbipolicy WhiteTerror Martiallaw Mandarinpolicy GeographyOverviews Beaches Cities Climate Deforestation Earthquakes Endemicspecies/Protectedspecies Hotsprings Islands Lakes Mountains Nationalparks Rivers Scenicareas Superlatives Volcanoes GovernmentPoliticsEconomyGovernmentandpolitics Cabinet Censorship Constitution AdditionalArticles Elections Humanrights LGBTrights Intelligence Law Lawenforcement Military North–Southdivide Parliament President Politicalparties Propaganda RegionsofTaiwan Administrativedivisions Specialmunicipalities Counties Cities Listofadministrativedivisions Metropolitanareas Politicalissues Cross-Straitrelations Chineseunification Chinesenationalism ChineseTaipei DangGuo De-Sinicization Foreignrelations OneCountryonEachSide PoliticalstatusofTaiwan Specialnon-state-to-staterelations TwoChinas Taiwanesenationalism Taiwanindependencemovement Economy Agriculture Aquaculture Floriculture Automotiveindustry Banking Listofbanks Centralbank Companies Defenseindustry Dollar(currency) Economichistory Energy Forestry Maritimeindustries Mining Semiconductorindustry State-ownedenterprises Stockexchange TaiwanMiracle Taxation Telecommunications Textile Tourism Transportation NationalSymbolsPeopleSocietyCultureNationalsymbols Anthem Emblem Flag Flower Seals PeopleDemographics Taiwanesepeople Taiwaneseindigenouspeoples Ethnicgroups Hans Hoklos Hakkas MainlandChinese Languages Formosanlanguages Amis Atayal Bunun Kanakanavu Kavalan Paiwan Puyuma Rukai Saaroa Saisiyat Sakizaya Seediq Thao Tsou Yami Sinitic Mandarin TaiwaneseHokkien Hakka Matsudialect SignLanguage Braille Society Architecture Crime Sextrafficking Education Healthcare Inventionsanddiscoveries Prostitution Publicholidays Squatting Superlatives Taiwanstudies Women Culture Animation Art Cinema Cuisine Culturalhistory Drama Gambling Glovepuppetry Literature Media Music Opera Nightmarkets Philosophy Photography Religion Smoking Sports T-Beauty Taiwanesewave Tea Touristattractions Category Portal Outline vteMediaofAsiaSovereignstates Afghanistan Armenia Azerbaijan Bahrain Bangladesh Bhutan Brunei Cambodia China Cyprus EastTimor(Timor-Leste) Egypt Georgia India Indonesia Iran Iraq Israel Japan Jordan Kazakhstan NorthKorea SouthKorea Kuwait Kyrgyzstan Laos Lebanon Malaysia Maldives Mongolia Myanmar Nepal Oman Pakistan Philippines Qatar Russia SaudiArabia Singapore SriLanka Syria Tajikistan Thailand Turkey Turkmenistan UnitedArabEmirates Uzbekistan Vietnam Yemen Stateswithlimitedrecognition Abkhazia Artsakh NorthernCyprus Palestine SouthOssetia Taiwan Dependenciesandotherterritories BritishIndianOceanTerritory ChristmasIsland Cocos(Keeling)Islands HongKong Macau Category Asiaportal Retrievedfrom"https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Mass_media_in_Taiwan&oldid=1078959401" Categories:MassmediainTaiwanMassmediabycountryMassmediainAsiabycountryHiddencategories:CS1maint:archivedcopyastitleArticlesusingsmallmessageboxesIncompletelistsfromAugust2008ArticlescontainingChinese-languagetextAllarticleswithunsourcedstatementsArticleswithunsourcedstatementsfromMay2021 Navigationmenu Personaltools NotloggedinTalkContributionsCreateaccountLogin Namespaces ArticleTalk English Views ReadEditViewhistory More Search Navigation MainpageContentsCurrenteventsRandomarticleAboutWikipediaContactusDonate Contribute HelpLearntoeditCommunityportalRecentchangesUploadfile Tools WhatlinkshereRelatedchangesUploadfileSpecialpagesPermanentlinkPageinformationCitethispageWikidataitem Print/export DownloadasPDFPrintableversion Inotherprojects WikimediaCommons Languages Azərbaycanca中文 Editlinks