Kinmen - Wikipedia

alternatively known as Quemoy, is a group of islands ; county by the Republic of China ; mainland China. It lies roughly 10 km (6.2 mi) east of the city of Xiamen ... Kinmen FromWikipedia,thefreeencyclopedia Jumptonavigation Jumptosearch CountyoftheRepublicofChina CountyinRepublicofChinaKinmen 金門縣QuemoyCounty FlagLogoCoordinates:24°26′N118°20′E/24.44°N118.33°E/24.44;118.33Coordinates:24°26′N118°20′E/24.44°N118.33°E/24.44;118.33Country RepublicofChina(Taiwan)ProvinceFujian/Fukien,ROC(nominalsubdivision)SeatJincheng(Chincheng,Kincheng)LargestcityJinchengTownshipsVillages6(3urban,3rural)37(24urban,13rural)Government • CountyMagistrateYangCheng-wu(KMT)Area[1][a] • Total153.011 km2(59.078 sq mi) • Rank20of22Population (December2014) • Total127,723 • Rank20of22 • Density830/km2(2,200/sq mi)Demonym(s)KinmeneseTimezoneUTC+8(NationalStandardTime)ISO3166codeTW-KINWebsiteOfficialwebsiteSymbolsBirdHoopoeFlowerFour-seasonorchidTreeCottontree KinmenTraditional Chinese金門PostalKinmenTranscriptionsStandardMandarinHanyuPinyinJīnménBopomofoㄐㄧㄣ   ㄇㄣˊGwoyeuRomatzyhJinmenWade–GilesChin1-mên2TongyongPinyinJinménYaleRomanizationJīnménMPS2JīnménIPA[tɕín.mə̌n]HakkaPha̍k-fa-sṳKîm-mùnSouthernMinHokkienPOJKim-mn̂g(locally)orKim-mûiTâi-lôKim-mn̂g(locally)orKim-muîEasternMinFuzhouBUCGĭng-muòngKinmencountyTraditional Chinese金門縣TranscriptionsStandardMandarinHanyuPinyinJīnménXiànBopomofoㄐㄧㄣ   ㄇㄣˊ   ㄒㄧㄢˋGwoyeuRomatzyhJinmenshiannWade–GilesChin1-mên2Hsien4TongyongPinyinJinménsiànYaleRomanizationJīnménsyànMPS2JīnménshiànIPA[tɕín.mə̌n ɕjɛ̂n]HakkaPha̍k-fa-sṳKîm-mùn-yenSouthernMinHokkienPOJKim-mn̂g-koān(locally)orKim-mûi-koānTâi-lôKim-mn̂g-kuān(locally)orKim-muî-kuānEasternMinFuzhouBUCGĭng-muònggâing Kinmen,alternativelyknownasQuemoy,isagroupofislandsgovernedasacountybytheRepublicofChina,offthesoutheasterncoastofmainlandChina.Itliesroughly10 km(6.2 mi)eastofthecityofXiameninFujian,fromwhichitisseparatedbyXiamenBay.Kinmenislocated187 km(116 mi)westfromtheshorelineoftheislandofTaiwanacrosstheTaiwanStrait. ThecountyconsistsofthemajorislandofKinmenalongwithseveralsurroundingislets,aswellasWuqiuTownshiplocated133 km(83 mi)tothenortheastoftherestofthecounty.[2]Kinmenisoneoftwocountiesthatwaspartofthenow-defunctFujianProvince,theotherbeingLienchiangCounty(Matsu). Kinmen'sstrategiclocationintheTaiwanStraithasledtonumerousconfrontations,makingitatangibleembodimentofpoliticalchangeonCross-Straitrelations.InAugust1958,KinmenwasheavilybombardedbythePeople'sLiberationArmyduringtheSecondTaiwanStraitCrisis.TravelrestrictionsbetweenKinmenandthemainislandofTaiwanwereliftedin1994followingtheendofdecades-longmilitaryadministrationoverKinmen.AdirectferryroutetoXiamenwasinauguratedinJanuary2001followingtheestablishmentoftheThreeLinks.[3] ThePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC,China)claimsKinmenaspartofFujianProvinceandconsidersWuqiutobeaseparateterritoryofFujianapartfromKinmenitself;conversely,theROCclaimstheDadengIslands(Tateng)aspartofKinmen,eventhoughtheywereeffectivelytransferredtothecontrolofXiamenbythePRC. Contents 1Names 2History 2.1Earlyhistory 2.2RepublicofChina 3Geography 3.1Climate 4Geology 5Demographics 6Culture 6.1Language 6.2Others 7Economy 7.1Tourism 7.1.1Touristattractions 7.1.1.1Museums 7.1.1.2Nature 7.1.1.3Historicalbuildings 7.1.1.4Religiousbuildings 7.2Industry 7.3Importedgoods 8Politics 8.1Townships 8.2Cross-Straitrelations 9Education 10Infrastructure 10.1Electricity 10.2Submarinetelecommunicationcable 10.3Watersupply 11Transport 11.1Air 11.2Sea 11.3Road 12Gallery 13Seealso 14Notes 15References 16Externallinksandfurtherreading Names[edit] JiangongIslet,withaKoxingamonument,inKinmenHarbor Kinmen(金門)means'goldengate'.Thenamewasfirstrecordedin1387whentheHongwuEmperorappointedZhouDexingtoadministertheislandandprotectitfrompirateattacks.[4]Thespelling"Kinmen"isapostalromanization.[5]ThistranscriptionsystemisavariationofNankingSyllabary,asystemdevelopedbyHerbertGilesin1892.[6]ItwasadoptedbytheChineseImperialPost,partoftheChineseMaritimeCustomsServiceledbyIrishmanRobertHart.ItisbasedonpronunciationintheSouthernMandarin,orJianghuai,dialect.ThisdialectiswidelyspokeninJiangsuandAnhuiprovinces,includingthecityofNanjing.TheTaiwaneseMinistryofForeignAffairsuses"Kinmen,"[7]whiletheUnitedStatesBoardonGeographicNamesgives"KinmenIsland."[2] Quemoy,pronounced/kɪˈmɔɪ/,isanamefortheislandinEnglishandinotherEuropeanlanguages.[8]ItmayhaveoriginatedasaSpanishorPortuguesetranscriptionoftheZhangzhouHokkienpronunciationofthename,Kim-mûi.[9]Thisisthemostcommonformoftheislands'nameinEnglish.Forexample,worksthatdealwiththeFirstandSecondTaiwanStraitCrises(theQuemoyIncident[10])andthe1960UnitedStatespresidentialelectiondebateswhentheislandsreceivedprominentworldwidenewscoverageallusethewordQuemoy.Inaddition,theformerNationalKinmenInstituteofTechnologywasrenamedNationalQuemoyUniversityin2010.KinmenscholarWeiJian-fengadvocatestheuseofthewordQuemoytobetterconnecttheislandto"internationalsocietyorachievemorerecognitionintheworld".[9] Jinmenistheisland'snamebothinTongyongPinyinandinHanyuPinyin.[11]HanyuPinyinistheinternationalstandardfortransliteratingChinese.[12]ItwasadoptedbytheTaiwanesegovernmentin2009.[13]KimoiisaHokkien-derivedspellingalsousedinthepostalromanizationsystem.[14][15]Chin-menistheWade–Gilesromanizationoftheisland'sname. History[edit] Seealso:ListofbattlesoverKinmen KinmenMilitaryHeadquartersofQingDynasty Theslogan"ThreePrinciplesofthePeopleuniteChina"writteninTraditionalChinese(officialscriptofROC)isfoundedonDadanIslandfacingMainlandChinabyGeneralZhaoinAug.1986,depositionedafter1987LieyuMassacre. ExternalimageDeclassifiednuclearstrikeplanrevealsthehistoricaltensionaroundKinmenareainColdWar Earlyhistory[edit] HumanshavelivedonKinmenfor5,800to8,000years.[16]DuringthereignofEmperorYuan(317A.D.),theFiveBarbariansinvasionofChinaledsixextendedfamiliestofleesouthandtheysettledinKinmen,thencalledWuzhou.[16]MorepeoplesettledthereduringtheTangdynasty,changingthenamefromWuzhoutoKinmen.[17] DuringtheMingdynasty,moremigrantssettledinKinmen.KoxingausedKinmenasabasetoliberateKinmenandPenghufromtheDutch.Hecutdowntreestobuildhisnavy,resultinginmassivedeforestationthatmadeKinmenvulnerabletosoilerosion.[17] AttackinQuemoy(1663) ThePrinceofLu,amemberoftheSouthernMingdynasty,resistedtheinvadingManchuQingdynastyforces.In1651,hefledtoKinmen,whichtheQingdynastytookin1663.[18]DuringtheQingDynasty,theKinmenareawaspartofTunganCounty.[19][20] RepublicofChina[edit] AftertheestablishmentoftheRepublicofChina(ROC)in1912,KinmenbecamepartofFujianProvince.In1913,theKinmenareawasmadepartofSimingCounty.[20]KinmenCountywasestablishedin1914.[20][21]In1928,thecountycameunderdirectadministrationoftheprovincialgovernment.[20] JapanoccupiedKinmenCountyduringtheSecondSino-JapaneseWarfrom1937to1945.Duringthisperiod,thecountygovernmentwasmovedtoDadeng.[19] AftertheestablishmentofthePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)bytheChineseCommunistsinOctober1949,KinmenCountywasclaimedbyboththeNationalistsandtheCommunists.Dadeng,XiaodengandJiaoyuweretakenbytheCommunistson9October[21]or15October,[22]1949.TheislandsareclaimedbytheROC.[23]TheyarepartofDadengSubdistrict,Xiang'anDistrict,Xiamen,Fujian,China.[24][25] On25October1949,PLAforceslandedonKinmenIslandnearGuningtoubeginningtheBattleofKuningtou.ROCforcessuccessfullydefendedtheislandandpreventedanattackonTaiwan. AttheoutbreakoftheKoreanWarin1950,retiredAdmiralCharlesM.CookeJr.,advisortoPresidentChiangKai-shek,opposedwithdrawingROCforcesfromQuemoy(Kinmen).[26]On26July1950,ROCforcesonDadanIsland(Tatan),intotal298soldiers,repulsedanattack(大擔島戰役)fromaPeople'sLiberationArmyforceof700soldiersthatlandedontheisland.[27]: 11, 19–20 GeneralDouglasMacArthurandotherUSofficialssupportedROCeffortstodefendtheislands.[28] MapincludingmostoftheterritoryofKinmenCounty(AMS,1954) ThePeople'sLiberationArmyextensivelyshelledtheislandduringtheFirstandSecondTaiwanStraitcrisesin1954–1955and1958respectively.In1954,theUnitedStatesconsideredrespondingbyusingnuclearweaponsagainstthePRC.[29]Againin1958,GeneralNathanFarragutTwiningandtheJointChiefsofStaffbelievedthattheUnitedStatesshouldnotpermitthelossoftheislandstothecommunistsandrecommendedtoPresidentEisenhowertheuseofwhateverforcewasnecessary,includingatomicweapons.[30] Thephrase"QuemoyandMatsu"becamepartofAmericanpoliticallanguageinthe1960U.S.presidentialelection.Duringthedebates,bothcandidates,Vice-PresidentRichardNixonandSenatorJohnF.Kennedy,pledgedtouseAmericanforcesifnecessarytoprotectTaiwanfrominvasionbythePRC,whichtheUnitedStatesdidnotrecognizeasalegitimategovernment.Butintheseconddebateon7October1960,thetwocandidatespresenteddifferentopinionsaboutwhethertouseAmericanforcestoprotectTaiwan'sforwardpositions,QuemoyandMatsu,also.SenatorKennedystatedthattheseislands-aslittleas9kilometres(5.5 mi)offthecoastofChinaandasmuchas170kilometres(106 mi)fromTaiwan-werestrategicallyindefensibleandwerenotessentialtothedefenseofTaiwan.Vice-PresidentNixonmaintainedthatsinceQuemoyandMatsuwereinthe"areaoffreedom,"theyshouldnotbesurrenderedtotheCommunistsasamatterofprinciple.[31] Earlierinthedebate,then-VicePresidentNixonmentioned:[32][33] IntheTrumanAdministration600millionpeoplewentbehindtheIronCurtainincludingthesatellitecountriesofEasternEuropeandCommunistChina.InthisAdministrationwehavestoppedthematQuemoyandMatsu,wehavestoppedtheminIndoChina,wehavestoppedtheminLebanon,wehavestoppedtheminotherpartsoftheworld. Laterinthedebate,EdwardP.Morganaskedthen-SenatorKennedy:[32][34][35][36] Senator,Saturdayontelevision,yousaidthatyouhadalwaysthoughtthatQuemoyandMatsuwereunwiseplacestodrawourdefenselineintheFarEast.Wouldyoucommentfurtheronthat,andalsoaddresstothisquestion:couldn'tapull-backfromthoseislandsbeinterpretedasappeasement? Chin-menTao(QuemoyIsland,GreaterKinmen),LiehHsü(LesserKinmen),Tung-tingHsü(DongdingIsland),Wu-ch'iuHsü(Daqiu),andHsiaHsü(Xiaoqiu)"TheNationalist-heldislandsofftheChinesemainlandarenominallyapartofFukienProvince,butarepresentlyundermilitaryadministration."(1962) Then-SenatorKennedyrespondedtoMorgan'squestionsaying:[32][33][34][35] Well,theUnitedStateshasonoccasionattempted,mostlyinthemiddle'50stopersuadeChiangKai-shektopullhistroopsbacktoFormosa.IbelievestronglyinthedefenseofFormosa.Theseislandsareafewmiles,fiveorsixmiles[b]offthecoastofRedChinawithinageneralharborarea,andmorethanahundredmiles[c]fromFormosa.WehaveneversaidflatlythatwewilldefendQuemoyandMatsuifitisattacked.Wesaywewilldefenditifit'spartofageneralattackonFormosa,butitisextremelydifficulttomakethatjudgment.Now,Mr.Herter,in1958,whenhewasUnderSecretaryofState,saidtheywerestrategicallyindefensible.AdmiralSpruanceandCollinsin1955saidthatweshouldnotattempttodefendtheseislandsintheirconferenceontheFarEast.GeneralRidgwayhassaidthesamething.Ibelievethatwhenyougetintoawar,ifyou'regoingtogetintoawarforthedefenseofFormosa,itoughttobeonaclearlydefinedline.Oneoftheproblems,Ithink,atthetimeofSouthKoreawasthequestionofwhethertheUnitedStateswoulddefenditifitwereattacked.IbelievethatweshoulddefendFormosa,weshouldcometoitsdefense.Itleavesthisratherintheairthatwewilldefenditundersomeconditionsbutnotunderothers,Ithinkitisamistake.Secondly,IwouldnotsuggestawithdrawalatthepointoftheCommunistguns.ItisadecisionfinallythattheNationalistsshouldmakeandIbelievethatweshouldconsultwiththemandattempttoworkoutaplanbywhichthelineisdrawnattheIslandofFormosa.Itleaves100miles[d]betweenthesea.ButwithGeneralRidgway,Mr.Herter,GeneralCollins,AdmiralSpruanceandmanyothers,Ithinkitisunwisetotakethechanceofbeingdraggedintoawarwhichmayleadtoaworldwarovertwoislandswhicharenotstrategicallydefensible,whicharenotaccordingtotheirtestimony,essentialtothedefenseofFormosa.Ithinkthatweshouldprotectourcommitments.IbelievestronglyweshoulddosoinBerlin.IbelievestronglyweshoulddosoinFormosaandIbelieveweshouldmeetourcommitmentstoeverycountrywhosesecuritywe'veguaranteed.ButIdonotbelievethatthatline,incaseofawar,shouldbedrawnonthoseislands,butinsteadontheislandofFormosa.AndaslongastheyarenotessentialtothedefenseofFormosa,ithasbeenmyjudgementeversince1954,atthetimeoftheEisenhowerDoctrinefortheFarEast,thatourlineshouldbedrawnintheseaaroundtheislanditself. Then-VicePresidentNixonretorted:[32][33][35] IdisagreecompletelywithSenatorKennedyonthispoint.IrememberintheperiodimmediatelybeforetheKoreanWar,SouthKoreawassupposedtobeindefensibleaswell.Generalstestifiedtothat,andSecretaryAchesonmadeaveryfamousspeechatthePressClubearlyintheyearthattheKoreanWarstarted,indicatingineffectthatSouthKoreawasbeyondthedefensezoneoftheUnitedStates.Isupposeitwashopedwhenhemadethatspeechthatwewouldn'tgetintoawar,butitdidn'tmeanthat.Wehadtogoinwhentheycamein.NowIthinkasfarasQuemoyandMatsuareconcerned,thatthequestionisnotthesetwolittlepiecesofrealestate-theyareunimportant.Itisn'tthefewpeoplewholiveonthem-theyarenottooimportant.It'stheprincipleinvolved.Thesetwoislandsareintheareaoffreedom.TheNationalistshavethesetwoislands.WeshouldnotforceourNationalistalliestogetoffofthemandgivethemtotheCommunists.Ifwedothat,westartachainreaction,becausetheCommunistsaren'tafterQuemoyandMatsu,they'reafterFormosa.Inmyopinion,thisisthesamekindofwoollythinkingthatleadtodisasterforAmericainKorea,I'magainstit,IwouldnevertolerateitasPresidentoftheUnitedStates,andIwillhopethatSenatorKennedywillchangehismindifheshouldbeelected. KinmeninthemapontheobverseoftheCommemorativeNT$10CoininCelebrationofthe50thAnniversaryofTaiwan'sRetrocession(1995) Afterthethirddebateon13October1960,Kennedy'sadvisersspokewiththenSecretaryofStateHerterandsaidKennedywaswillingtorevisehispositionontheQuemoyandMatsuissuesoasnottogivetheCommuniststheimpressionthattheUSAwouldnotstandunitedagainstaggression.NixonpointedoutthechangeinKennedy'spositionbutdecidednottopressthepointduetotheimportanceoftheUSA'sroleinwhatwasanextremelytensesituation.[37]Nixon'spollsamongRepublicansandDemocratsshowedoverwhelmingsupportforNixon'spositionontheissue.[38] Kinmenwasoriginallyamilitaryreserve,whicheventuallyledtothe1987Lieyumassacre.[39]Theislandwasreturnedtotheciviliangovernmentinthemid-1990s,afterwhichtraveltoandfromitwasallowed.DirecttravelbetweenmainlandChinaandKinmenre-openedinJanuary2001undertheminiThreeLinks,andtherehasbeenextensivetourismdevelopmentontheislandinanticipationofmainlandtourists.[40]Directtravelwassuspendedin2003asaresultoftheSARSoutbreak,buthassinceresumed.[41][fullcitationneeded] ManyTaiwanesebusinessmenusethelinkthroughKinmentoentertheChinesemainland,seeingitascheaperandeasierthanenteringthroughHongKong.However,thischangedfollowingthe2005Pan–BluevisitstomainlandChinaandthe2008presidentialandlegislativevictoriesoftheKMT,thatallowedeasiercross-Straitrelations.KinmenhasexperiencedaconsiderableeconomicboomasbusinessmenrelocatetotheislandforeasieraccesstothevastmarketsofthePRC. On30June2014,DadanIslandandErdanIslandwerehandedoverfromthemilitarytocivilians,representedbyKinmenCountyGovernment.[42]Since1January2015,touristsfromMainlandChinacoulddirectlyapplyfortheExitandEntryPermituponarrivalinKinmen.ThisprivilegealsoappliestoPenghuandMatsuIslandsasmeanstoboosttourismintheoutlyingislandsofTaiwan.[43] On23August2019,thesixty-firstanniversaryofthebeginningoftheSecondTaiwanStraitCrisis,PresidentTsaiIng-wenvisitedtheTaiwushanMartyrs'Shrine(太武山忠烈祠)inMountTaiwuwheresheplacedflowersandofferedincense.[44] Geography[edit] WuqiuLighthouseinWuqiu,Kinmen Seealso:ListofislandsofTaiwan Thecountyismadeupofnumerousislandsandislets[45][46][20][47]including: Kinmengroup[48] Kinmen(Kinmen,Mainisland;大金門,金門本島)(mainisland;dividedintofourtownships) DongdingIsland(Tangtia,Tungting東碇島,東椗島)(inJinhuTownship;approximately35 km(22 mi)tothesouthwest) BeidingIsland(北碇島)(inJinhuTownship;approximately4 km(2.5 mi)totheeast) CaoIslet(Ts'aoHsü;草嶼)(inJinshaTownship)24°31′24″N118°26′13″E/24.523335°N118.437021°E/24.523335;118.437021 HouIslet(后嶼)(inJinshaTownship)24°31′45″N118°24′44″E/24.529171°N118.41233°E/24.529171;118.41233 JiangongIslet(建功嶼)(inJinchengTownship) LesserKinmen(HsiaoKinmen,Lieyu;小金門,烈嶼)(secondlargestislandunderROCcontrol;inLieyuTownship) DadanIsland(大膽島)(inLieyuTownship) ErdanIsland(二膽島)(inLieyuTownship) FuxingIslet(FuhsingIslet;Phaktia)(復興嶼)(inLieyuTownship) MenghuIslet(TigerIsland,猛虎嶼)(inLieyuTownship) ShiIslet(LionIslet)(獅嶼)(inLieyuTownship) BinlangIslet(檳榔嶼)(inLieyuTownship) Dadeng(Tateng[49][50][51])(大嶝[23][1][52]/大嶝島[22])(underPRCcontrolfrom9October[21]or15October1949;[22]partofDadengSubdistrict,Xiang'anDistrict,Xiamen,Fujian[24][25]) Xiaodeng(Hsiaoteng,[51]SiaoDeng[53])(小嶝[23][1][52]/小嶝島[22])(underPRCcontrolfrom9October[21]or15October1949;[22]partofDadengSubdistrict,Xiang'anDistrict,Xiamen,Fujian[24][25]) Jiaoyu[54]/JiaoYu[55](ChiaoI.,[56]角嶼[23][1][52][22])(underPRCcontrolfrom9October[21]or15October1949;[22]partofDadengSubdistrict,Xiang'anDistrict,Xiamen,Fujian[24][25]) Wuqiu(Ockseu,Wuchiu;烏坵)group Daqiu(Tachiu,Taciou;大坵)(inWuqiuTownship) Xiaoqiu(Hsiaochiu;小坵)(inWuqiuTownship) Climate[edit] Kinmen Climatechart(explanation) J F M A M J J A S O N D     22     17 10     54     17 10     70     19 12     111     23 16     180     26 21     157     29 24     124     32 26     140     32 26     52     31 24     41     27 21     62     24 17     32     20 13 Averagemax.andmin.temperaturesin°C PrecipitationtotalsinmmSource:ClimateofKinmen Imperialconversion JFMAMJJASOND     0.9     62 50     2.1     62 50     2.7     66 54     4.4     73 61     7.1     78 69     6.2     85 75     4.9     89 78     5.5     90 78     2.1     87 76     1.6     81 69     2.4     74 62     1.2     67 55 Averagemax.andmin.temperaturesin°F Precipitationtotalsininches ClimatedataforKinmen Month Jan Feb Mar Apr May Jun Jul Aug Sep Oct Nov Dec Year Recordhigh°C(°F) 27.0(80.6) 25.5(77.9) 28.1(82.6) 31.6(88.9) 32.7(90.9) 38.4(101.1) 39.1(102.4) 36.3(97.3) 36.7(98.1) 34.0(93.2) 31.0(87.8) 26.6(79.9) 39.1(102.4) Averagehigh°C(°F) 16.8(62.2) 16.5(61.7) 18.8(65.8) 22.8(73.0) 25.8(78.4) 29.3(84.7) 31.9(89.4) 32.0(89.6) 31.6(88.9) 27.4(81.3) 23.5(74.3) 19.5(67.1) 24.6(76.3) Dailymean°C(°F) 12.7(54.9) 12.9(55.2) 15.0(59.0) 19.1(66.4) 23.1(73.6) 26.1(79.0) 28.2(82.8) 28.2(82.8) 26.8(80.2) 23.5(74.3) 19.4(66.9) 15.5(59.9) 20.8(69.4) Averagelow°C(°F) 10.0(50.0) 10.1(50.2) 12.2(54.0) 16.2(61.2) 20.6(69.1) 23.8(74.8) 25.8(78.4) 25.7(78.3) 24.3(75.7) 20.7(69.3) 16.5(61.7) 12.5(54.5) 18.2(64.8) Recordlow°C(°F) 1.3(34.3) 3.6(38.5) 3.0(37.4) 9.0(48.2) 15.0(59.0) 18.0(64.4) 20.0(68.0) 22.4(72.3) 17.5(63.5) 13.0(55.4) 11.0(51.8) 3.8(38.8) 1.3(34.3) Source:ClimateofKinmen Geology[edit] Kinmen,muchlikethesurroundingChinesemainland,ispredominantlycomposedofCretaceousagedgranite,withlesseramountsofEocene-Oligocenesandstone,MiocenebasaltandPleistocene-Holoceneconglomerate,thethicknessofthesedimentsvariesfrom150metresinthewesttoonlyafewmetresintheeast.[57] Demographics[edit] Thissectionneedsexpansion.Youcanhelpbyaddingtoit.(December2018) HistoricalpopulationYearPop.±%1985 48,846—    1990 42,754−12.5%1995 47,394+10.9%2000 53,832+13.6%2005 76,491+42.1%2010 97,364+27.3%2015 132,799+36.4%Source:"PopulationsbycityandcountryinTaiwan".MinistryoftheInteriorPopulationCensus. Culture[edit] ArtilleryshellsfiredbythePeople'sLiberationArmytoKinmeninthe1950s Ashisa(wind-liongod)carvinginKinmen ThepeopleofKinmenseethemselvesasKinmenese,Mínnánrén/Mǐnnánrén(peopleofSouthernFujian),orChinese,butnotsomuchasTaiwanese.[10][58]Kinmen'sstrongChineseidentitywasforgedduringtheperiodoftheROC'smilitaryconfrontationwiththePeople'sRepublicofChina(1949–1992)whenKinmenwasundermilitaryadministration.[10]Inthe1980s,asthemilitarizationdecreasedandmartiallawwasendedonTaiwan,theTaiwanindependencemovementandeffortsinde-SinicizationgrewinstrengthonTaiwan.[10]ToKinmenese,however,thesedevelopmentswereviewedwithconcernandtherewasafeelingthat"Taiwandidn'tidentifywithKinmen".[10]ManyworriedthatTaiwanesedejureindependencefromChinawouldleadtotheseveringoftieswithKinmen.[10]TheseconcernsplayastrongroleinKinmenesepoliticsaswell.[10]Legallyspeaking,KinmenesepeoplearenotTaiwaneseeitherandhaveauniqueidentityfromthatoftheTaiwanese.'Taiwanization'issometimesperceivedasathreattotheculturalidentityoftheKinmenesepeople.[59] Language[edit] Manyofthecounty'sinhabitantsspeakHokkien;theQuanzhouaccentispredominant.MostresidentswillsaytheyspeakKinmenese,whichismutuallyintelligiblewithTaiwaneseHokkien.TheresidentsofWuchiuTownshipspeakPu-XianMin,asopposedtoHokkienfortherestofKinmen. Others[edit] Kinmenisnotableforanumberofculturalproducts.DuetotheextensiveshellingbythePeople'sLiberationArmyinthe1950s,Kinmenisfamousforitsartilleryshellknives.Localartisanswouldcollectthevastamountsofexplodedordnanceandmakehigh-qualitykniveswhicharestillsoughtafterbychefsandconnoisseurs.KinmenisalsohomeoftheregionallyfamousKinmenKaoliangliquor,aspiritrangingbetween38and63percentalcohol,whichishighlyappreciatedbytheTaiwanese.OtherlocalculinaryspecialtiesincludeKinmennoodles [zh],kòng-thn̂g [zh]andbeefjerky(bakkwa). LiketheRyukyus,Kinmenisknownforshisa(wind-liongod)figures(風獅爺).[60] Economy[edit] Kinmen'seconomyismainlybasedontourismandservicesduetoitsproximitytomainlandChina.[61][62] Tourism[edit] TheJuguangTower("BrightnessofJu"),afamouslandmarkinKinmen. Becauseofitsmilitaryimportance,developmentontheislandwasextremelylimited.Onlyby2003,KinmenopenedupitselftotouristsfromFujianinMainlandChina.[63]ItisnowapopularweekendtouristdestinationforTaiwaneseandisknownforitsquietvillages,old-stylearchitectureandbeaches.ChineseandTaiwanesetourgroupsalsospendashorttimetouringtheislandwhilsttransitingbetweentheferryandtheairport,asanintermediatestopbetweenChinaandTaiwan.LargepartsofKinmenformtheKinmenNationalParkwhichhighlightsmilitaryfortificationsandstructures,historicaldwellingsandnaturalscenery. Theyear2014recordedthehighestnumberofpassengerstravelingbyferrybetweenKinmenandFujianportsforasmanyas1.5millionpeople.[64]Since1January2015,ChinesemainlandtouristswerenolongerberequiredtoapplyforExitandEntryPermitinadvanceforvisitstoKinmen,PenghuandMatsuIslands.Instead,theycanapplyforituponarrivalatacostofNT$600.[65] By2016,twoinfrastructureprojectsareexpectedtoboosttourismandmeetings,incentives,conferencing,exhibitionsvisitorstotheislands.Oneincludesayet-to-be-namedfive-starresortspearheadedbyXiamenpropertydeveloper,WuYouhua,presidentofXiamenHuatianGroup,thefirsttimeaChineseinteresthasbeenallowedtoinvestintheTaiwanhotelsector.[66] Touristattractions[edit] ZhaishanTunnel Tourist-relatedaffairsinKinmenaregovernedbyTransportationandTourismBureauofKinmenCountyGovernment.MajortouristattractionsinKinmenare:[20] Museums[edit] August23ArtilleryBattleMuseum,GuningtouBattleMuseum,HujingtouBattleMuseum,KinmenCeramicsMuseum,LandmineMuseum,LieyuTownshipCultureMuseum,YuDaWeiXianShengMemorialMuseum. Nature[edit] CiLake,GugangLake,HouhuSeashorePark,JiangongIslet,JinchengSeasidePark,KinmenNationalPark,LingshuiLake,TianpuReservoir,ZhongzhengPark. Historicalbuildings[edit] BeishanOldWestern-styleHouse,ChenggongCoastalDefenseTunnel,ChenShi-yinWesternStyleHouse,DeyueGunTower,GulongtouZhenweiResidence,JindongMovieTheater,JinshuiElementarySchool,JuguangTower,KinmenFolkCultureVillage,KinmenMilitaryHeadquartersofQingDynasty,MashanBroadcastingandObservationStation,MofanStreet,QingtianHall,QionglinTunnel,YannanAcademy,WangChin-cheng'sWesternHouse,WuqiuLighthouseandZhaishanTunnel. Religiousbuildings[edit] LongfengTemple,MaoshanPagoda,WentaiPagoda. Industry[edit] KinmenisfamousfortheproductionofKaoliangliquor,whichtakesupabout75%ofTaiwan'smarketshare,inwhichitisastrongeconomicbackboneofthecounty.Traditionalindustriesarealsobeingkeptandimproved,rangingfromagriculture,fisheryandlivestock.Ithasagoodfisheryindustryalsoduetoitsnaturebeingsurroundedbyunpollutedsea. KinmenalsoproducesitsuniqueKinmenknife,inwhichtherawmaterialusedtoproduceitistakenfromtheremainingofshellsfiredbythePeople'sLiberationArmyin1958-1978.TheknifewasmadeasgifttothevisitingHeadofTaiwanAffairsOfficeZhangZhijuntoKinmenon23–24May2015tosymbolizemutualpeacebetweenthetwosidesoftheTaiwanStraitandtoburythehatchetleftfromChineseCivilWar.[67][68] Importedgoods[edit] KinmenoftenimportmoregoodsfromMainlandChinathanTaiwanIslandbecauseoflowercostsduetotheproximityofthecountytothemainland.Duringthecampaignforthe2014countymagistrate,allofthemagistratecandidatesspenttheirmoneyoncampaignmaterialsproducedinmainlandprovinces,suchasGuangdong,ZhejiangandFujianinsteadoffromTaiwanIsland.[69] Politics[edit] Seealso:ListofcountymagistratesofKinmen YangCheng-wu,theincumbentMagistrateofKinmenCounty TheislandconsistentlyvotesfortheKuomintang(KMT).Untiltheearly1990s,proponentsofTaiwanindependencearguedthattheywouldconsiderhandingKinmenovertothePRCinanynegotiatedsettlement.Residentsoftheislandhavebroadlyopposedsuchmeasures,fearingtheconsequencesofthePRCgovernment'spoliciesontheirstandardoflivingandpoliticalfreedom.[citationneeded] TheDemocraticProgressivePartyhasaminorpresenceontheislandandtypicallydoesnotpresentcandidatestostandinlocalelections,althoughitdoesholdasingleseatinKinmenCountyCouncilfrombothofthe2009and2014localelections.However,thepartyoccasionallylendssupporttoliberalorcenter-leftcandidates. On29November2014however,independentcandidateChenFu-haiwonthecountymagistrateelectionandtookofficeastheMagistrateofKinmenCountyon25December2014,thefirstindependentcandidatetowintheoffice.HereplacedMagistrateLeeWo-shihoftheKuomintang.[70]The2014KinmenCountymagistrateelectionconsistedof10candidates,thehighestnumberofnominatedcandidatesintheelectoralhistoryofTaiwan.[71] KinmenCountyConstituencyisrepresentedbyasingleseatintheLegislativeYuan.TheincumbentMagistrateofKinmenCountyisYangCheng-wuoftheKuomintang.[72] Townships[edit] SubdivisionofKinmenCountyintotownships KinmenCountyGovernment KinmenCountyCouncil JinchengTownship,thecountyseatofKinmen KinmenCountyisdividedintothreeurbantownshipsandthreeruraltownships.[73]JinchengTownshipisthecountyseatwhichhousesKinmenCountyGovernmentandKinmenCountyCouncil.ThetownshipalsohousestheheadquarterofficeofKinmen-MatsuJointServicesCenter.KinmenCountyhasthefewestruraltownshipsamongothercountiesinTaiwan. Name Chinese HanyuPinyin Wade–Giles HokkienPe̍h-ōe-jī Englishmeaning Urbantownships JinchengTownship 金城鎮 JīnchéngZhèn Chin¹-ch'eng²Chen⁴ Kim-siâⁿ-tìn 'GoldenCity' JinhuTownship 金湖鎮 JīnhúZhèn Chin¹-hu²Chen⁴ Kim-ô͘-tìn 'GoldenLake' JinshaTownship 金沙鎮 JīnshāZhèn Chin¹-sha¹Chen⁴ Kim-soa-tìn 'GoldDust'[74] Ruraltownships JinningTownship 金寧鄉 JīnníngXiāng Chin¹-ning²Hsiang¹ Kim-lêng-hiong 'GoldenTranquility' LieyuTownship 烈嶼鄉 LièyǔXiāng Lie⁴-yü³Hsiang¹ Lia̍t-sū-hiong 'Split-offIslet'[75] WuqiuTownship 烏坵鄉 WūqiūXiāng Wu¹-ch'iu¹Hsiang¹ O͘-khiu-hiong 'BlackMound' AllthosetownshipsonGreaterKinmenIslandstarttheirnameswithJin(i.e.,Kin,lit."gold").LieyuTownshipencompassestheentireLesserKinmenIsland,andistheclosesttoXiamen.WuqiuTownshipcomprisesGreaterQiuIslet(大坵)andLesserQiuIslet(小坵). JinchengandJinshaarethelargestofthesixtownships.Altogether,thereare37villagesinKinmenCounty. Cross-Straitrelations[edit] InthecontroversyregardingthepoliticalstatusofTaiwan,thePeople'sRepublicofChina(PRC)hascontinuouslyclaimedtheterritoryofKinmenCountyaspartofitsownFujianProvince,claimingtheKinmenIslandsasacountyofQuanzhouprefecture-levelcity.[76][77][21][78]ThePRCclaimstheWuqiu(Ockseu)IslandsaspartofXiuyuDistrictinPutianprefecture-levelcity.[79]Taiwan(RepublicofChina)claimstheDadeng(Tateng)IslandsinDadengSubdistrict,Xiang'anDistrict,Xiamen,FujianaspartofKinmenCounty.[1][80][47] Education[edit] NationalQuemoyUniversity InAugust2010,NationalQuemoyUniversitywasestablishedfromthepredecessorNationalKinmenInstituteofTechnologyandKinmenDivisionofNationalKaohsiungUniversityofAppliedSciencesestablishedin1997.[81]ItislocatedinJinningTownship.TheislandsalsohaveasatellitecampusesofMingChuanUniversityandNationalUniversityofKaohsiung.SecondaryeducationalinstitutionsincludeNationalKinmenSeniorHighSchoolandNationalKinmenAgriculturalandIndustrialVocationalSeniorHighSchool.Intotal,thereare24juniorhighschools,elementaryschoolsandkindergartens.[82] TheKinmenCountyGovernmenthaveinvestedmillionsineducationinKinmen,withanaverageofNT$20,000perstudent.SchoolsinthecountyalsoacceptthegrowingnumberofTaiwanesestudentswhoseparentsaredoingbusinessinFujian.[83]ThecountygovernmenthasbeenstrivingtoencourageuniversitiesinTaiwanIslandandMainlandChinatosetupbranchesinthecounty,aswellastoattractChinesemainlandstudentstostudyinKinmen.[84] Infrastructure[edit] TashanPowerPlant Electricity[edit] TheKinmenPowerCompanywasfoundedin1967andgraduallybuiltfivepowerplantsinthecountyandisinchargeofprovidingpowerresourcestoallresidentsinKinmen.Itusedtorelyonlightdieseloilwhichcreatedhighcostburdentoitsmanagement.Since1992,theROCcentralgovernmentapprovedthepowercompanytoauthorizeTaiwanPowerCompany(Taipower)forfive-yearmanagement.AllofthepowerdevelopmentprojectswereinvestedbyTaipowerandhelpedtheregioneconomicdevelopment.InJuly1997,KinmenPowerCompanywasofficiallyincorporatedtoTaipower.In1999,thediesel-firedTashanPowerPlantwasbuilttosupplyelectricitytoKinmengrid.Theothersmallerpowerplantsweresubsequentlydiscontinuedtoreducecost.[82]ThecountyisalsopoweredbyitsJinmenWindwindfarmwithacapacityof4 MWandphotovoltaicsystemwithacapacityof9MW.[85][86] Submarinetelecommunicationcable[edit] InAugust2012,KinmenandXiamenestablishedthefirstsubmarinetelecommunicationcablebetweenthetwosides.OnTaiwanside,theinfrastructurewasconstructedbyChunghwaTelecom,whileonmainlandChina'ssidewasdonebyChinaTelecom,ChinaUnicomandChinaMobile.Theprojectwasinitiallylaunchedin1996andtook16yearstobuild.[87] Thetelecommunicationsystemconsistsoftwocables,oneisa11 km(6.8 mi)longcablethatrunsfromKinmen'sLakeTzuandXiamen'sMountGuanyin,andtheotherisa9.7 km(6.0 mi)longcablethatrunsfromGuningtouonGreaterKinmenIsland(ROC)toDadengIsland(PRC).Thesystemisanon-repeatersystemwithabilateraltransmissioncapacityof90Gbit/s,whichmightbeexpandedinthefutureifdemandarises.[87] Watersupply[edit] WatertreatmentplantinKinmen ThecurrentdailywaterdemandforKinmenis50,000tonnes,whichareusedforhouseholds,industriesandagriculturesectors.OnetonneofwaterproducedforKinmencostsaboutNT$50–60andmaysurgetoNT$70duringsummer.Inextremedroughtcondition,watershipmentfromTaiwanIslandmaycostasmuchasNT$200pertonne.BecauseKinmenresidentspayonlyNT$10foreachtonnewatertheyuse,thecostofwatersupplyhasbecomeaheavyburdenforthecountygovernment.[88] Fordecades,Kinmenhasbeenfacingdifficultiesinwatersupplytoitsresidentsduetoitsshallowlakes,lackofrainfallandgeographicalconstraintswhichmakesbuildingreservoirsanddamsunfeasible.Therefore,Kinmenoftenoverusesitsgroundwater,causingrisingtidalfloodandsoilsalinity. InearlySeptember2013,thePeople'sRepublicofChinagovernmentagreedtosupplyKinmenwithwaterfromJinjiangCityinFujianduetotheongoingwatershortageprobleminKinmen.Kinmendrawsmorethan8,000tonnesofgroundwatereverydayandwaterfromitsreservoirisbarelyenoughtosupporttheresidentsduringthedryseason.Theshortageproblemwillheavilyhitthelocaleconomyby2016ifnomitigationplanisenacted.Thewatersupplyagreementwasofficiallysignedon20July2015inKinmenbetweenKinmenCountyWaterworksDirectorWengWen-kuei(翁文貴)andFujianWaterSupplyCochairmanZhuJinliang(朱金良)witnessedbyKinmenCountyMagistrateChenFu-haiandFujianProvinceGovernorSuShulin.[89] Thewaterpipelinewasofficiallyopenedon5August2018whenthefirstwatersupplywasdeliveredinaceremonyheldinbothKinmenCountyandJinjiangCityinMainlandChina.[90] Transport[edit] KinmenAirport ShuitouPier Air[edit] KinmenisservedbyKinmenAirport,adomesticairportlocatedatJinhuTownship,connectingKinmenwithPenghuAirport,PenghuandTaipeiSongshan,Kaohsiung,Taichung,ChiayiandTainanAirportonTaiwanIsland. Sea[edit] PeoplecomingfromMainlandChinacanalsovisitKinmenusingferryviaFujianfromXiamenatWutongFerryTerminalorfromQuanzhouarrivingatShuitouPierinJinchengTownship.[91]KinmentoXiamenFerry,isapopularroutebetweentheChineseMainlandandTaiwanesetouristsalike,withbriskconnectionsavailablebetweentheferryportsandKinmenAirport(forTaiwanesedestinations)andXiamen'sAirportandXiamenNorthRailwayStation(forMainlanddestinations).TheKinmen-QuanzhouFerryisonlyavailabletolocaltravellersandforeignerpassportholdersarenotpermittedtousethisservice. AnewcommercialporthasbeenbuiltadjacenttotheShuitouPieronnewlyreclaimedland.ThiswillhandlethemajorityofseafreighttoandfromKinmen.PreviouslymostofthistrafficwashandledbyasmallerportontheSouth-EastcorneroftheislandinJinhuTownship.Inthepast,duetoconstantartilleryshellingfromtheChinesemainland,anundergroundportwasusedtosupplytheislandintimesofconflictattheZhaishanTunnelsontheSouth-Westerntipoftheislandbutthishasbeendecommissionedandturnedintoatouristattraction. GreatlyusedasatransitroutebetweentheChineseMainlandandTaiwanIsland,busesalsoconnecttotheferryterminaltoallowforquicktransfertoXiamen. Road[edit] A5.4 km(3.4 mi)bridge,KinmenBridge,connectingKinmenIsland(GreaterKinmen)andLieyuisplannedtobecompletedby2022,estimatedtocostNT$7.5billion(US$250million).[92]Itisexpectedtoincreaselocaltourism;thebridge's1.4 km(0.87 mi)mainbodywillhavethelargestspanintheworldwhencompleted.[93] InOctober2019,MainlandChinaannouncedaplantobuildabridgelinkingXiamentoKinmen.Taiwan'sMainlandAffairsCouncil(MAC)saidthattheplansweremadeunilaterallybyChinaaspartofitsschemestoabsorbTaiwananddivideTaiwanesesocietyandthattheyseenoneedforbridgeslinkingeitherMatsuorKinmentoChina.[94] Gallery[edit] CalligraphybyformerPresidentChiangKai-sheketchedonWu-Wang-Zai-JuInscribedRock Anti-landingspikesonLesserKinmen(Lieyu)nearShiIsletwithXiamen(Amoy)inthebackground Shuitouhistoricalresidence(水頭古厝) Daitianfu(代天府)inJincheng Seealso[edit] Taiwanportal AdministrativedivisionsofTaiwan KinmenAgreement Notes[edit] ^AreafigureexcludestheDadeng(Tateng)Islands. ^ThenortherncoastofGreaterKinmen(Quemoy)isaboutfiveorsixmilesfromthenearestpointonmainlandAsiainplaces.IntheMatsuIslands,GaodengIslandis5.75milesfromtheBeijiaoPeninsula.SomeROC-controlledareasarecloserthanfivemilesfromPRC-controlledareas.Forinstance,JiaoyuinDadengSubdistrictisalittlemorethanonemilefromthetipofGreaterKinmeninJinshaTownship. ^Wuqiu,KinmenisabouteightymilesfromtheclosestpointonthemainislandofTaiwan(Formosa).Juguang,LienchiangandDongyin,Lienchiangarealittlemorethanninetymilesfromtheclosestpoint.ThemainislandsGreaterKinmen(Quemoy)andNangan(Matsu)areoveronehundredmilesfromTaiwanIsland. ^TheislandofTaiwanisseparatedfromthesoutheastcoastofChinabytheTaiwanStrait,whichrangesfrom220 km(140 mi)atitswidestpointto130 km(81 mi)atitsnarrowest. References[edit] ^abcde"Xíngzhèngmiànjī"行政面積.JīnménXiànzhèngfǔmínzhèngchǔ金門縣政府民政處[CivilAffairsDepartment,KinmenCountyGovernment](inChinese(Taiwan)).29January2019.Archivedfromtheoriginalon7June2019.Retrieved9August2019.外圍島嶼面積單位：(平方公里）大嶝22.7500小嶝3.3100角嶼2.4400{...}附記本縣縣境總面積153.011平方公里。

(不含中共管轄之大小嶝、角嶼) ^abKinmenIsland(Conventional-C)atGEOnetNamesServer,UnitedStatesNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency ^Quartly,Jules(30September2004)."'TheGibraltarofAsia'anda'ParkintheOcean'".TaipeiTimes.Retrieved2November2021. ^Wei,Jian-feng(2006)."AnExaminationofCulturalIdentityofResidentsofQuemoy(Kinmen)"(PDF).InterculturalCommunicationStudies.15(1):134.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on29April2013. ^PostalRomanization.Taipei,Taiwan:DirectorateGeneralofPosts.1961.p. 6.Kinmen(AF)andTaiwan(9)arebothpostalromanization. ^PostalRomanization,p.4. ^MinistryofForeignAffairs,RepublicofChina(Taiwan)(2019)."2019-2020TaiwanataGlance"(PDF).pp. 1,22.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on2February2020. ^"QuemoyArchived2012-03-07attheWaybackMachine",MerriamWebster"QuemoyArchived2013-07-01attheWaybackMachine",Larousse.(inFrench) ^abWei,Jian-feng(2009)."'Quemoy'or'Kinmen'?:ATranslationStrategyforCommunication"(PDF).InterculturalCommunicationStudies.18(2):176.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on29April2013. ^abcdefgdiGenova,Trista(11July2007)."StudyExploresthe'KinmenIdentity'".ChinaPost.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4November2011.Retrieved20January2012. ^"TaiwanPlaceNames".Pīnyīn.info(inChinese(Taiwan)andEnglish).Retrieved15September2020.Jinmen/Jinmen/KinmenCounty ^]"ISO7098:1982Documentation—RomanizationofChinese".ISO.Retrieved2November2021. ^Shih,Hsiu-chuan(18September2008)."HanyuPinyintobeStandardSystemin2009".TaipeiTimes.Retrieved2November2021. ^IndextoMapofChina(2nd ed.).Shanghai:FarEasternGeographicalEstablishment.1915.p. 31.KimoiIsland(Kinmen)金門島Fukien......福建...24.23N118.20E ^Stanford,Edward(1908).AtlasoftheChineseEmpire(1 ed.).London:TheChinaIslandMission.p. 24.KimoiI.(Kinmen) ^ab"AboutthePark".KinmenNationalPark.Retrieved16September2020. ^ab"History".LonelyPlanet.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20April2016.Retrieved24May2016. ^Wakeman,Frederic(1986).TheGreatEnterprise :TheManchuReconstructionofImperialOrderinSeventeenth-CenturyChina.Berkeley:UniversityofCaliforniaPress.p. 114.ISBN 0-520-04804-0. ^ab"KinmenAwareness".KinmenCountyGovernment.8December2017.Archivedfromtheoriginalon27May2018.Retrieved10August2019.LongbelongingtotheadministrationofTunganPrefectureofFujianProvince,Kinmenhadbegunitscountyadministrationsince1915.{...}In1937,theCountyGovernmentwasmovedtoDadengforbattleanditwaslaterreturnedtoKinmenafterthevictoryin1935.{...}ThemineralswithinKinmenCountyincludechinaclayandgranite. ^abcdefCíhǎi辞海(inChinese)(6th ed.).Shanghai:Shanghaicishuchubanshe.2009.p. 1124.ISBN 9787532628599.金门县名。

在福建省东南海上、泉州市西南部。

现由台湾省管辖。

由以金门岛为主的大、小59个岛屿组成。

面积149平方千米，人口约6.45万（2004年）。

明置金门千户所，清设金门县丞，属同安县。

1913年改隶思明县，1914年析置金门县。

1928年直属福建省。

农产有甘薯、花生等。

矿产有玻璃砂、高岭土、铝土、煤。

工业有机械、食品等。

特产贡糖、高粱酒、金门马等。

通公路。

名胜古迹有成功洞、鲁王墓、水尾塔等。

{...}金门岛亦称“大金门岛”、“吾洲屿”。

在福建省东南部、厦门港口外台湾海峡中。

属金门县，现由台湾省管辖。

岛形如哑铃，东西宽，南北狭，中多丘陵，沿海多港湾、口岸。

东西长约20千米，面积131.7平方千米。

其西有小金门岛。

名胜古迹有牧马侯（陈渊）祠、鲁王墓、海印寺、古岗湖、中山纪念林等。

^abcdef"Jiànzhìyángé"建治沿革[JianzhiHistory].QuánzhōuShìrénmínzhèngfǔ泉州市人民政府[QuanzhouCityPeople'sGovernment](inSimplifiedChinese).Retrieved10August2019.民国3年7月，金门自思明县析出置县，隶属厦门道。

{...}民国22年(1933){...}12月13日，四省分别更名为闽海、延建、兴泉、龙汀。

兴泉省辖莆田、仙游、晋江、南安、安溪、惠安、同安、金门、永春、德化、大田、思明十二县，治设晋江(今泉州市区)。

{...}民国23年7月，全省设立十个行政督察区，永春、德化、惠安属第四行政督察区(专署驻仙游)，晋江、南安、安溪、金门属第五行政督察区(专署驻同安)。

民国24年(1935)10月，全省改为7个行政督察区、l市。

惠安、晋江、南安、金门、安溪、永春、德化属第四区(专署驻同安)。

民国26年4月，南安县治徙溪美。

10月，日本侵略军攻陷金门岛及烈屿，金门县政府迁到大嶝乡。

{...}民国27年(1938){...}8月，金门县政务由南安县兼摄。

{...}民国32年(1943)9月，全省调整为8个行政督察区、2个市。

第四区专署仍驻永春，下辖永春、安溪、金门、南安、晋江、惠安等九县。

德化改属第六区(专署驻龙岩)。

{...}1949年8月24日，福建省人民政府(省会福州)成立。

8、9月间，南安、永春、惠安、晋江、安溪相继解放。

9月，全省划为八个行政督察区。

9月9日，第五行政督察专员公署成立，辖晋江、南安、同安、惠安、安溪、永春、仙游、莆田、金门(待统一)等九县。

公署设晋江县城(今泉州市区)。

10月9日，金门县大嶝岛、小嶝岛及角屿解放。

11月24日，德化解放，归入第七行政督察区(专署驻永安县)。

　1950年{...}10月17日，政务院批准德化县划归晋江区专员公署管辖；1951年1月正式接管。

至此，晋江区辖有晋江、南安、同安、安溪、永春、德化、莆田、仙游、惠安、金门(待统一)十县。

{...}1955年3月12日，奉省人民委员会令，晋江区专员公署改称晋江专员公署，4月1日正式实行。

同年5月，省人民政府宣布成立金门县政府。

{...}1970年{...}6月18日，福建省革命委员会决定实行。

于是,全区辖有泉州市及晋江、惠安、南安、同安、安溪、永春、德化、金门(待统一)八县。

同年12月25日，划金门县大嶝公社归同安县管辖。

{...}1992年3月6日，国务院批准，晋江撤县设市，领原晋江县行政区域，由泉州代管。

1992年5月1日。

晋江市人民政府成立，至此，泉州市计辖l区、2市、6县：鲤城区、石狮市、晋江市、惠安县、南安县、安溪县、永春县、德化县、金门县，(待统一)。

^abcdefgTáiwānlìshǐdìtú臺灣歷史地圖[TaiwanHistoricalMaps](inChinese(Taiwan))(ExpandedandRevised ed.).Taipei:Taiwanlishibowuguan.2018.pp. 154,158.ISBN 978-986-05-5274-4.古寧頭戰役地圖1949年10月大嶝島（原屬金門縣）1共軍佔領大嶝、小嶝、角嶼10.15小嶝島（原屬金門縣）角嶼{...}大嶝島小嶝島角嶼 ^abcd"05-19Táiwāndǎoyǔmiànjī"05-19臺灣島嶼面積[LocationandAreaofIslandsinTaiwan](ODS)(inChinese(Taiwan)andEnglish).Retrieved20October2019–viaMinistryoftheInterior.05-19金門縣島嶼及面積AreaofIslandsinKinmenCounty區域別Locality面積(平方公里)Area(K㎡){...}外圍島嶼OffshoreIslet{...}大嶝Dadeng22.7500小嶝Xiaodeng3.3100角嶝Jiaodeng2.4400{...}資料來源：金門縣政府。

Source：KinmenCountyGovernment.附註：1.大嶝、小嶝、角嶝目前由中國大陸管轄，烏坵鄉由金門縣政府代管。

2.總面積151.656平方公里(不含大小嶝角嶝，含烏坵1.2平方公里)，部分無人島未列入。

Remark：1.Dadeng,Xiaodeng,JiaodengaregovernedbyMainlandChina,WuqiubelongstoothercountybutmandatedbyKinmenCountyGovernment.2.TotalAreaofKinmenis151.656K㎡(ExcludeDadeng,Xiaodeng,Jiaodeng,IncludeWuqiu1.2K㎡),someunmannedislandsandreefsarenotlisted. ^abcd"Dàdèngjiēdào"大嶝街道.XiàménShìXiángānQūrénmínzhèngfǔ厦门市翔安区人民政府[People'sGovernmentofXiang'anXiamen](inSimplifiedChinese).12July2019.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9August2019.Retrieved10August2019.大嶝街道位于厦门市翔安区东南部，隔海北与南安市石井镇毗邻，南与金门岛相对，西南与厦门岛相望，由大嶝、小嶝、角屿三个岛屿组成，总人口约2.6万人，土地面积13.2平方公里，海岸线25.15公里，{...}一方面加快大嶝战地旅游设施建设，另一方面开辟了“游三岛、登白哈、看金门”的旅游航线，组建了一支豪华舒适的旅游船队。

^abcd"MèilìXiángān"魅力翔安.XiàménShìXiángānQūrénmínzhèngfǔ厦门市翔安区人民政府[People'sGovernmentofXiang'anXiamen](inSimplifiedChinese).Archivedfromtheoriginalon9August2019.Retrieved9August2019.翔安区设立于2003年10月19日。

陆地总面积420平方公里，海域面积134平方公里，下辖一街（大嶝街道）、四镇（新店、马巷、内厝和新圩），{...}大嶝岛小嶝岛角屿白蛤礁 ^Lin,Hsiao-ting(6April2012)."Taiwan'sSecretAlly".HooverInstitution.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6September2019.Retrieved6September2019.InearlyJuly,ChiangwasseriouslyconsideringwithdrawingfromQuemoyandothertinycoastalpossessionsoffSoutheastChinatobolsterTaiwan’sdefenseandfreeup33,000combattroopsfortheKoreantheater.EventhoughCookefullysupportedtheNationalistgovernment’sprobableparticipationintheKoreanWar,hevehementlyopposedtheevacuationfromQuemoy.CookewasconvincedthatitwouldnotonlylookweaktotheChineseCommunistsbutdamagemoraleinTaiwanandtheentirefreeworld. ^Lin,Ma-teng林馬騰(2009).Mìdǎo:Dàèrdǎndemìjìngmìshǐ秘島：大二膽的秘境秘史(inChinese(Taiwan)).LínMǎténgwénshǐgōngzuòshì.ISBN 978-957-41-6438-7. ^Lu,Fang-shang呂芳上,ed.(2011).JiǎngZhōngzhèngrìjìyǔmínguóshǐyánjiū蔣中正日記與民國史研究[ChiangKai-Shek'sDiariesandtheStudyofRepublicanChineseHistory](inChinese(Taiwan)).Vol. 2nd.Taipei:Shijiedatongchubanyouxiangongsi.p. 643.其實國府堅守金馬最初是受到美國鼓勵的{...}國府{...}考慮放棄金門，但因東盟總麥克阿瑟將軍（DouglasMacArthur）不贊成{...}韓戰過後到第一次臺海危機（1954年9月至1955年4月）爆發之前，美方也不願中共拿下外島，鼓勵國府增派受美援訓練的部隊駐守外島。

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^Nixon,Richard(1978).RN:TheMemoirsofRichardNixon.Simon&Schuster.p. 272.ISBN 0-446-93259-0–viaInternetArchive.OnceagainIhithardontheQuemoy-Matsuissue,statingthatKennedy'swillingnesstosurrendertheislandstotheCommunistsunderthreatofwarwasnodifferentfromsubmittingtoblackmail.ShortlyafterthethirddebateIlearnedthatoneofKennedy'stopforeignpolicyadvisershadtelephonedSecretaryofStateHertertosaythatKennedydidnotwanttogivetheCommuniststheimpressionthatAmericawouldnotstandunitedagainstaggressionandwasthereforepreparedtorevisehispositioninordernottoappeartoopposetheadministrationonthisissue.IsawthisasKennedy'swayoftryingtoslideawayfromanunpopularposition,andmyimmediateinclinationwasnottolethimgetawaywithit.ButtheQuemoy-Matsusituationwassotense,andtheimportanceofAmerica'sroleindiscouragingCommunistaggressionwassogreat,thatIdecidednottopressthepointifKennedymodifiedhisstand.Ipointedouthowhischangedattitudereflectedhislackofexperience,andthenlettheissuedrop. 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^Chen,Kuan-lin陳冠霖(24August2019)."823jìbàixiānlièzǒngtǒngCàiYīngwén:Wùwàng823jīngshén"823祭拜先烈總統蔡英文：勿忘823精神.Jīnménrìbào金門日報[KinmenDailyNews](inChinese(Taiwan)).Archivedfromtheoriginalon21September2019.Retrieved21September2019. ^"JīnménXiànxíngzhèngqūyùtú"金門縣行政區域圖(jpg)(Map)(inChinese(Taiwan)).Archivedfromtheoriginalon8August2019.Retrieved9August2019.北碇島母嶼白巖草嶼東割烽遂角后嶼官澳礁西園嶼建功嶼黑巖大巖嶼烏礁桂子礁獅嶼牛心礁小擔檳榔嶼烈嶼復興嶼猛虎嶼兔嶼石山大膽島二擔島三擔島四擔島五擔大坵島小坵島 ^"Jīnméndìqūxiànzhì(jìnzhǐ)shuǐyùtú"金門地區限制（禁止）水域圖(PDF)(Map)(inChinese(Taiwan)).MainlandAffairsCouncil.Archived(PDF)fromtheoriginalon3August2019.Retrieved9August2019.二．限制水域範圍：大金門地區低潮線向外延伸東方海面四千至六千公尺，南方海面八千至一萬公尺，北碇以東海面四千公尺，大、二膽南海面二千公尺一線以內海域三、禁止水域範圍：大金門地區低潮線向外延伸東方海面四千公尺，南方海面八千公尺，馬山北方一千五百公尺，北碇以東海面四千公尺，大、二膽北、西、南海面二千公尺，小金門西海面、檳榔嶼、三腳礁、牛心礁、赤角礁一線以內海域 ^abKim,Vivien,ed.(2003).Taiwan.InsightGuides.APAPublications.p. 222.ISBN 9789812349668–viaInternetArchive.Kinmenisactuallyanarchipelagoof15islands.Threeofthem,however,arecontrolledbyChina,andonlytwooftheTaiwan-controlledislands-KinmenmainislandandHsiaoKinmen(LittleKinmen)-areopentotourism. ^"GeographicEnvironment".KinmenNationalPark.Archivedfromtheoriginalon28October2018.Retrieved27July2019.The12islandsandisletscomprisingKinmenmainland,Lieyu(smallKinmen),DaDan,ErDan,DongDing,Beiding,Caoislet,Houislet,Jiangongislet,Fuxingislet,Menghuislet,Shiisletoccupyanareaof150squaremetersintotal. ^"ImplicationsofUS-ChiComGenevaDeadlock".CIA.29November1955.p. 6.Retrieved9August2019.2.{redacted}ChiComsarebuildingacausewaytolinkTatengIsland,theCommunistterritorynearestQuemoy,tomainland.3.{redacted}severalthousandtroops(recentlyarrivedinAmoyfromShanghai)willbegarrisonedonTatengafterthecausewayiscompleted(innexttwomonths). ^"CentralIntelligenceBulletin".CIA.1December1955.p. 6.Retrieved9August2019.AfteralullofseveralweeksinartilleryduelsintheQuemoyarea,ChineseNationalist155mmhowitzerson28Novemberfired240roundsatacausewaywhichtheChineseCommunistsareconstructingbetweenthemainlandandTatengIsland,fourtofivemilesnorthofQuemoy.Communistartilleryrespondedwith680rounds.Nomajordamagewasreported.{redacted}2.TheChineseCommunistsbeganconstructingthe6,300-footcausewaytoTatengapparentlyinearlyNovember.SuchalinkwiththemainlandwouldfacilitatesupplyofCommunistmilitarypositionsonTateng.Communistartillerynowontheislandisbelievedtoincludeonly76mmguns,but122mmorlargerweaponscouldtakeanypointonQuemoyunderfire.{redacted}} ^ab"ChineseCommunistOrderofBattle,EastChinaCoast".CIA.14August1950.Retrieved11August2019.2.The11ArtilleryRegimentisatNingpo.The12and13ArtilleryRegimentsmovedtoSouthFukien,andareinTateng(118-20,24-35)andHsiaoteng(11825,2435)IslandsandAmoyrespectively. ^abcJinmenxianzhengfuzhujichu金門縣政府主計處(December2017).JīnménXiàntǒngjìyuèbào金門縣統計月報[KinmenCountyMonthlyStatisticsReport](Report)(inChinese(Taiwan)).pp. 5,6,8.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13May2019.Retrieved10August2019.極北大嶝田墘東經118196北緯243416{...}區域別面積(平方公里)佔總面積百分比(%){...}外圍島嶼大嶝22.750016.92小嶝3.31001.82角嶼2.44001.34{...}說眀：1.本縣縣境總面積153.0110平方公里(不含中共管轄之大小嶝、角嶼)。

{...}說眀：外圍島嶼土地面積不含中共管轄之大嶝、小嶝及角嶼。

^新辰陳(11July2016)."1607金門馬山觀測所馬山觀測站馬山播音站地下坑道還我河山望遠鏡瞭望金門國家公園台灣金門旅遊53".Retrieved9May2020–viaFlickr.小嶝SiaoDeng ^Wang,Wenjie(12August2009)."LettingGoofthePast".BeijingReview.Archivedfromtheoriginalon14March2017.Retrieved11August2019.LocatedinthesoutheastwatersofXiamen'sXiang'anDistrict,theDadengIslesarecomprisedofthreeislands—Dadeng,XiaodengandJiaoyu.KnownastheThree-HeroIslands,theycoveranareaof13.2squarekilometers,withapopulationofapproximately20,000people. ^JiaoYu(Approved-N)atGEOnetNamesServer,UnitedStatesNationalGeospatial-IntelligenceAgency ^Copp,DeWitt;Peck,Marshall(1962).TheOddDay.NewYorkCity:WilliamMorrow&Company.p. 8–viaInternetArchive.ChiaoI. ^Liou,Tai-sheng;Lu,Hsueh-yu;Lin,Cheng-kuo;Lin,Wayne;Chang,Yu-te;Chien,Jeng-ming;Chen,Wen-fu(2009)."GeochemicalInvestigationofGroundwaterinaGraniticIsland:ACaseStudyfromKinmenIsland,Taiwan".EnvironmentalGeology.58(7):1575.doi:10.1007/s00254-008-1664-7.S2CID 128799871. ^Wei,Jian-feng(2006)."AnExaminationofCulturalIdentityofResidentsofQuemoy(Kinmen)"(PDF).InterculturalCommunicationStudies.15(1):136–137.Archivedfromtheoriginal(PDF)on29April2013. ^Wan,Tsun-Lun."LanguageRevitalizationandPerceivedLanguageShift:ACaseofKinmeneseHokkien".ChineseHistoryandSociety/BerlinerChina-Hefte(Preprint)–viaResearchGate. ^"WindLionGod".KinmenNationalPark.6June2009.Archivedfromtheoriginalon4May2012.Retrieved20January2012. ^Hu,Meidong;Li,Dapeng(2004)."IslandsBroughtCloserbyCulture,ToursandMazuBelief".TaiwanAffairsOfficeoftheStateCouncil.Archivedfromtheoriginalon23April2005.Retrieved11January2009. ^"Commentary:Direct,Cross-StraitThreeExchangesIrresistible".Chinataiwan.org.28October2003.Archivedfromtheoriginalon16February2012.Retrieved1January2012. ^Jennings,Ralph(15February2007)."ChineseTouristsFlocktoTaiwan'sKinmenIsland".Reuters.Retrieved2November2021.{{citenews}}:CS1maint:url-status(link) ^"Over1.5Mil.HaveRiddenwithKinmen-FujianFerry".TheChinaPost.CentralNewsAgency.31December2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21June2015.Retrieved19January2015. ^Tang,Pei-chun;Lee,Hsin-yin(10December2014)."TaiwaneseOffshoreIslandstoEaseTravelforChinesefromJan.1".FocusTaiwanNewsChannel.CentralNewsAgency.Archivedfromtheoriginalon10December2014.Retrieved10December2014. ^Smith,Glenn(2011–2012)."MICEDevelopmentHitsKinmen".TTGmice.Archivedfromtheoriginalon30July2013.{{citeweb}}:CS1maint:dateformat(link) ^"CurrentSituations".KinmenCountyIndustrialDepartmentandInvestmentPromotionCommittee.Archivedfromtheoriginalon18May2014.Retrieved19May2014. ^Hu,Zep;Chou,Yi-ling;Kao,Evelyn(24May2015)."KinmenKnivesSymbolizeCross-StraitPeace:ChineseOfficial".FocusTaiwanNewsChannel.CentralNewsAgency.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13July2015.Retrieved11September2015. ^"KinmenCandidatesPreferChina-ProducedCampaignMaterials".WantChinaTimes.com.CentralNewsAgency.20November2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19January2015.Retrieved11September2015. ^"IndependentChenFuhaiWinsKinmenMagistrateRace".WantChinaTimes.com.CentralNewsAgency.29November2014.Archivedfromtheoriginalon10December2014.Retrieved5November2016. ^Chang,Joy(27November2014)."9-In-1Elections'CampaignsRunHotinTaitungandtheOutlyingIslands".TheChinaPost.Archivedfromtheoriginalon19January2015.Retrieved19January2015. ^"IntroductiontotheMagistrate".KinmenCountyGovernment.Archivedfromtheoriginalon22September2021.Retrieved2November2021. ^"TownshipCharacteristics".KinmenCountyGovernment.Archivedfromtheoriginalon6January2020.Retrieved9May2019. ^"Lìshǐyángé"歷史沿革.金門縣金沙鎮公所[JinshaTownshipAdministration,KinmenCounty](inChinese(Taiwan)).28May2019.Archivedfromtheoriginalon2April2018.Retrieved22September2019.清末民初在原金山港河海交接處發現金沙，因而將港易名為金沙港，在此入海的溪流易名之為金沙溪，行政區以金沙為名。

^"Lìshǐyángé"歷史沿革[HistoricalDevelopment].JīnménXiànLièyǔXiānggōngsuǒ金門縣烈嶼鄉公所[LieyuTownshipVillageAdministration,KinmenCounty](inChinese(Taiwan)).28July2017.Archivedfromtheoriginalon25August2019.Retrieved10August2019.金門民間傳說烈嶼和大金門本是相連，沒有過海，和大金門的水頭有數公尺之土地相連帶。

後有一仙人眼見船隻軍要轉來轉去才能轉進港，非常麻煩，就說：「這條港路上的半島，該讓她(離嶼)去，讓出這條港路，好交通船」。

金口一開，烈嶼那塊島慢慢裂開，一直開離大金門所以叫「烈嶼」久而久之，就叫成了「烈嶼」。

（金門民間傳說） ^"2018niántǒngjìyòngqūhuàdàimǎhéchéng-xiānghuàfēndàimǎ:QuánzhōuShì"2018年统计用区划代码和城乡划分代码：泉州市[2018StatisticalAreaNumbersandRural-UrbanAreaNumbers:QuanzhouCity].Guójiātǒngjìjú国家统计局[NationalBureauofStatistics](inSimplifiedChinese).Retrieved10August2019.统计用区划代码名称{...}350527000000金门县{...} ^Xia,Zhengnong夏征农;Chen,Zhili陈至立,eds.(2009).Cíhǎi辞海(inChinese)(6th,inColor ed.).Shanghai:Shanghaicishuchubanshe.p. 1863.ISBN 9787532628599.泉州{...}辖丰泽、鲤城、洛江、泉港四区和惠安、安溪、永春、德化、金门五县，代管晋江、石狮、南安三市。

^"QuánzhōuShìlìshǐyángé"泉州市历史沿革[QuanzhouCityHistoricalDevelopment].Xzqh.org(inSimplifiedChinese).14July2015.Retrieved10August2019.1949年8月至11月除金门县外各县相继解放，{...}自1949年9月起除续领原辖晋江、惠安、南安、安溪、永泰、德化、莆田、仙游、金门、同安10县外，1951年从晋江县析出城区和近郊建县级泉州市。

{...}2003年末，全市总户数1715866户，总人口6626204人，其中非农业人口1696232人（均不包括金门县在内）； ^"Hǎidǎozīyuán"海岛资源.PútiánShìXiùyǔQūrénmínzhèngfǔ莆田市秀屿区人民政府(inSimplifiedChinese).7September2017.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11October2019.Retrieved11October2019.（二）海岛分布境内海岛主要分布在三大海湾内。

兴化湾南部（包括埭头半岛）有海岛32个，其中居民岛3个。

南日群岛（包括十八列岛）有海岛65个，其中居民岛5个；平海湾有海岛9个，全为无居民岛；湄洲湾有海岛14个，其中居民岛1个；湄洲湾周边（包括湄洲岛、虎狮列岛）有海岛13个，其中居民岛1个；鸬鹚周边（包括鸬鹚岛）有海岛4个，全为无居民岛；乌丘屿周边（包括乌丘屿）有海岛4个，其中居民岛1个。

^"05-19Táiwāndǎoyǔmiànjī"05-19臺灣島嶼面積[05-19AreaofIslandsinTaiwan](ODS).MinistryoftheInterior(inChinese(Taiwan)andEnglish).Retrieved20October2019.外圍島嶼小計Subtotal29.8550Offshore大嶝Dadeng22.7500Islet小嶝Xiaodeng3.3100角嶝Jiaodeng2.4400附註：1.大嶝、小嶝、角嶝目前由中國大陸管轄，烏坵鄉由金門縣政府代管 ^Lin,Szu-yu;Ni,Kuo-yen;Kuo,Deborah(1August2010)."NTULaudedasBestUniversityinAllChineseCommunities".FocusTaiwanNewsChannel.CentralNewsAgency.Archivedfromtheoriginalon8August2012.Retrieved2November2021. ^ab"KinmenAwareness".KinmenCountyGovernment.Archivedfromtheoriginalon8March2016.Retrieved5November2016. ^Lin,Miao-jung(23June2002)."StudentsGetGreenLighttoStudyinKinmen".TaipeiTimes.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3March2016.Retrieved11September2015. ^"DevelopmentStrategies".KinmenCountyIndustrialDepartmentandInvestmentPromotionCommittee.Archivedfromtheoriginalon3March2016.Retrieved11September2015. ^"OverviewoftheDevelopmentofRenewableEnergy".Taipower.28December2020.Archivedfromtheoriginalon13January2021.Retrieved31December2020. ^"TheLargestinTaiwan!Taipower'sFirstGrid-Connected2-MWEnergyStorageSystemOperatesTodayinKinmenInstantPowerRescuewithin0.2Second".MinistryofEconomicAffairs,R.O.C.14May2020.Retrieved16June2021. ^ab"ChunghwaTelecomHailsSubmarineCabletoXiamen".TaipeiTimes.22August2012.p. 3.Archivedfromtheoriginalon11May2014.Retrieved19May2014. ^"Kinmen-FujianWaterPipelinetobeAgreedatUpcomingCross-StraitTalks".WantChinaTimes.com.CentralNewsAgency.22May2015.Archivedfromtheoriginalon1August2015.Retrieved11September2015. ^"KinmenWaterDealNotaSecurityRisk:Official".TaipeiTimes.21July2015.Archivedfromtheoriginalon24September2015.Retrieved20November2015. ^Lu,Yi-hsuan(6August2018)."KinmenStartsImportingChineseWater".TaipeiTimes.Archivedfromtheoriginalon20April2019.Retrieved20April2019. ^"FerryfromXiamentoKinmen,Taiwan".AmoyTrip.25August2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon9April2014.Retrieved19May2014. ^Lee,Hsin-yin(9January2011)."ConstructionofKinmenBridgeBegins".FocusTaiwanNewsChannel.CentralNewsAgency.Archivedfromtheoriginalon28September2011.Retrieved9January2011. ^"ConstructionforKinmenBridgeBeginsandPresidentMaHopesItBecomesaNewLandmarkforKinmen".kinmen.gov.tw.13November2012.Archivedfromtheoriginalon21June2015.Retrieved19May2014. ^Teng,Pei-ju(14October2019)."ChinaAnnounces'initialPlans'toBuildBridgestoTaiwan'sOutlyingIslandsMatsu,Kinmen".TaiwanNews.Archivedfromtheoriginalon15October2019.Retrieved15October2019. Externallinksandfurtherreading[edit] KinmenatWikipedia'ssisterprojectsDefinitionsfromWiktionaryMediafromCommonsTravelguidesfromWikivoyageDatafromWikidata Officialwebsite GeographicdatarelatedtoKinmenatOpenStreetMap Completelistofthevillagesineachtownship MapsofKinmen KinmenIsland:ChinawithouttheCommunism? OnARuralTaiwaneseIsland,ModernChinaBeckons,NPR(11September2016) Pictures :TaiwanonChina'sshores.Reuters. SatelliteimageofGreaterKinmenandLesserKinmenbyGoogleMaps MichaelSzonyi,ColdWarIsland:QuemoyontheFrontLine,CambridgeUniversityPress(11August2008),hardcover,328pages,ISBN 0521898137ISBN 978-0521898133;tradepaperback,328pages,ISBN 0521726409,ISBN 978-0521726405 vteAdministrativedivisionsofTaiwan ListofadministrativedivisionsofTaiwan FreeareaoftheRepublicofChina ListofmetropolitanareasinTaiwan Specialmunicipalities(6) Kaohsiung NewTaipei Taichung Tainan Taipei Taoyuan "Provinces [zh]"1 Fujian Taiwan Cities(3) Chiayi Hsinchu Keelung Counties(13) Yilan Hsinchu Miaoli Changhua Nantou Yunlin Chiayi Pingtung Taitung Hualien Penghu Kinmen Lienchiang Districtsunderspecialmunicipalities/citiesCities/townshipsundercountiesListoftownships/citiesanddistrictsinTaiwan1Theprovincesaremerelyretainedasnominalentitieswithintheconstitutionalstructure,astheyhavenogoverningpowerfollowingtheformaldissolutionoftheprovincialadministrativeorgansin2018.CitiesandcountiesaredefactoregardedastheprincipalconstituentdivisionsoftheROC.[1] vteAdministrativedivisionsofoutlyingislandsofTaiwanKaohsiung Cijin(DongshaIslandsandTaipingIsland) Kinmen Jincheng3 Jinhu Jinsha Jinning Lieyu Wuqiu Lienchiang1 Nangan3 Beigan Dongyin Juguang Penghu Magong3 Baisha Huxi Cimei Xiyu Wangan PingtungLiuqiuIslandTaitung OrchidIsland GreenIsland YilanToucheng(GuishanIslandandDiaoyutaiIslands2)1LienchiangCountycommonlyknownasMatsu.2DiaoyutaiIslandsarecontrolledbyJapan,(calledSenkakuIslands).3Seatoftheoutlyingislands'counties vteTerritorialdisputesinEast,South,andSoutheastAsiaLandIslandsandwaters AksaiChin() AzadKashmir/Gilgit-Baltistan() Bhutaneseexclaves() DoiPhaHomPok() Heixiazi/BolshoyUssuriyskyIsland1() HongKong() JammuandKashmir() Jiangxinpo/NorthernKachin1() Kalapani() KhaoPhraWihan1() Korea() Ladakh() LimbangDistrict() Macao() MainlandChina() NorthBorneo(Sabah)1() Parigasregion/Demchoksector() Sixty-FourVillagesEastoftheRiver1() SouthTibet/ArunachalPradesh() Susta() Trans-KarakoramTract() Ambalat() BạchLongVĩIsland1() Dokdo/Takeshima() Ieodo/SuyanIslet() JamesShoal() KurilIslands() MacclesfieldBank() Noktundo() ParacelIslands() Parangcho/DingyanIslet() PratasIsland() ScarboroughShoal() Senkaku/Diaoyu/TiaoyutaiIslands() SirCreek1() SpratlyIslands1() TaiwanArea() 1:Dividedamongmultipleclaimants AuthoritycontrolGeneral VIAF 1 WorldCat Nationallibraries France(data) UnitedStates Japan CzechRepublic Other FacetedApplicationofSubjectTerminology NationalArchives(US) ^SarahShair-Rosenfield(November2020)."Taiwancombined"(PDF).TheUniversityofNorthCarolinaatChapelHill.Retrieved29May2021. 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