Compact city - SlideShare

4. THE TERM : COMPACT CITY The Compact City or city of short distances is an urban planning and urban design concept, which promotes relatively high ... SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourUserAgreementandPrivacyPolicy. SlideShareusescookiestoimprovefunctionalityandperformance,andtoprovideyouwithrelevantadvertising.Ifyoucontinuebrowsingthesite,youagreetotheuseofcookiesonthiswebsite.SeeourPrivacyPolicyandUserAgreementfordetails. Home Explore Login Signup Successfullyreportedthisslideshow. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tounlockunlimitedreading. Compactcity 75 Share CoEP • Oct.17,2013 • 75likes • 27,239views DownloadNow Download NextSlideShares Youarereadingapreview. Activateyour30dayfreetrial tocontinuereading. ContinueforFree UpcomingSlideShare 100712risomsisternas-compactcity Loadingin…3 × Facebook Twitter LinkedIn Size(px) Starton ShowrelatedSlideSharesatend Share Email     Topclippedslide 1 1of28 Compactcity Oct.17,2013 • 75likes • 27,239views 75 Share DownloadNow Download Downloadtoreadoffline Education Technology RealEstate TheCompactCitydevelopmentisexplainedwithappropriatecasestudiesandstudymodels.. Readmore CoEP Follow Planning at CollegeofEngineeringPune TheCompactCitydevelopmentisexplainedwithappropriatecasestudiesandstudymodels.. Readmore Education Technology RealEstate 100712risomsisternas-compactcity GehlArchitects IIFTUnderdogs CitizensforAccountableGovernance Primatecitiesinindia rajeshkplanner Compactcity YasserAl-Rijjal Ranksizerule SayedBurhanAtal compactcitiesvs.urbansprawl GCUF III.Urbanstress aldelaitre SustainabilityinTransportSector GuruNankDevEngineeringCollege,Ludhiana,Punjab,India-141006 WhereWeWantToBe:HomeLocationPreferencesandTheirImplicationsforNew... CongressfortheNewUrbanism Sprawl:UnderstandingitsMeaningandApplicationtoPractice nhrobins 100712risomsisternas-compactcity GehlArchitects IIFTUnderdogs CitizensforAccountableGovernance Primatecitiesinindia rajeshkplanner Compactcity YasserAl-Rijjal Ranksizerule SayedBurhanAtal compactcitiesvs.urbansprawl GCUF III.Urbanstress aldelaitre SustainabilityinTransportSector GuruNankDevEngineeringCollege,Ludhiana,Punjab,India-141006 WhereWeWantToBe:HomeLocationPreferencesandTheirImplicationsforNew... 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CompactCity SustainabilityConcepts GroupMembers: Rhujuta.S.Jadhav(111214009) Pratyusha.P.Kiran(111214017) Rhea.H.Motwani (111214025) 2. StructureofPresentation:                Originofcompactcity Definitionofcompactcity Compactmodel Characteristicsofcompactcity compactcityindevelopedanddevelopingcountries Urbansprawl Eco-compactcity Eco-compactcitymoreefficientthansprawlcity Indicatorsofcompactcity Positiveimpactofcompactcity Negativeimpactofcompactcity Sustainability Citiesparticipatingincompactcitymodel Mainargumentsregardingcompactcity Recommendationsforcompactcitypolicy 3. ORIGINofcompactcity: ThetermCompactCitywasfirstcoinedin1973byGeorge DantzigandThomasL.Saaty,twomathematicianswhose utopianvisionwaslargelydrivenbyadesiretoseemoreefficient useofresources. CompactcitieswerecreatedbytheideaofSUSTAINABLE URBANPLANNINGinEuropeancountriesinthelate1990’s. TheconceptofCOMPACTCITYisbasedonthe SUSTAINABILITY,atermusedbyTHECLUBOFROME in1972. CharacteristicsofSUSTAINABLECITYcanbeseeninUrban justice,Urbanbeauty,Creativity,Ecology,Essaytomoveand access,CompactandPolycentricDiversity. 4. THETERM:COMPACTCITY TheCompactCityorcityofshortdistancesisanurbanplanningand urbandesignconcept,whichpromotesrelativelyhighresidentialdensity withmixedlanduses. Itisbasedonanefficientpublictransportsystemandhasanurban layoutwhich–accordingtoitsadvocates–encourageswalkingand cycling,lowenergyconsumptionandreducedpollution. Itisalsoarguablyamoresustainableurbansettlementtypethanurban sprawlbecauseitislessdependentonthecar,requiringless(and cheaperpercapita)infrastructureprovision. Alargeresidentpopulationprovidesopportunitiesforsocialinteraction aswellasfeelingofsafetyinnumbersand“EyeOnTheStreets.” 5. Compactcitymodel 6. CharacteristicsofCompactCity FORMOFSPACE: Highdensesettlements. Lessdependenceofautomobile. Clearboundaryform Surroundingarea. Compactcitymodel: DISTRICT Compactcitymodel: TOWNS Compactcitymodel: CITIES 7. CharacteristicsOfCompactCity SPACE CHARACTERISTICS: --Mixedlanduse. --Lesscomplexlanduse. --Clearidentity. FUNCTIONS: --Socialfairness(lessnumberofhighdense settlements). --Independenceofgovernance. --Selfsufficiencyofdailylife. --Efficienttransportsystem. 8. Othercompactcitycharacteristics UrbanInfrastructure,especiallysewerageandwatermains. Multinodaltransportation. Highdegreeofaccessibility;local/regional. Highdegreesofstreetconnectivity(internal/external)including sidewalksandbicyclelanes. Lowopenspaceratio. Unitarycontrolofplanningoflanddevelopmentorcloselycoordinatedcontrol. Sufficientgovernmentfiscalcapacitytofinanceurbanfacilities andinfrastructure. 9. Overlapping Moreconvenientlandusepatternreducesthecarjourneys. Reducestheenergyfortransportation. Lessercongestionduetofewercarsandbetterairquality. Encouragementofcyclingandwalkingratherthandriving. 10. CompactcityVariations DEVELOPED COUNTRIES POPULATIONGROWTH CONDITIONS Urbanpopulationratio: 69.8% : 84%. Urbanpopulation: 730million 1billion. DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Urbanpopulationratio: 26.7% : 57.1%. Urbanpopulation: 2billion 4billion •Increasingamountof •Increaseinfrastructure landarea,percapita, supply,tocatchupwith decreaseinpopulation rapidpopulationgrowth density. ,tokeepcloseurban•Increaseinenergyuse, rurallinkages. averagetraveldistance•Povertydeteriorating ,electrificationoflife. urbanenvironment. •Increaseofwasteand •Promotingequalityin pollution. economic,social, •Increasingsecurity politicalinterferes. statusofurban infrastructure.(compact urbanform) 11. DEVELOPEDCOUNTRIES DEVELOPING COUNTRIES MIXED USES Advanceinqualityoflife. Moreconsiderationson placingastrong emphasisonmixland use. GOALS Socialserviceandpoverty alleviation. Thereislessvacantlandinurban areasduetohighpopulation densityandlittlesparecapacityfor populationgrowth. Wiseuseofresourcesconservation managementofurban ecosystem. Undevelopedlandthatdoesexists isofhighvaluedforurban agriculturepurposesandlosingthis landwouldaffectthepoorurban dweller. Controlofphysical expansion;DevelopingNotmuchvisibilityofwiseuseof variousguidelinesforthe resourcesasithasmorepressure sustainabledevelopment onresourceutilityduetoimmense oftowns&cities. population. 12. DEVELOPED COUNTRIES HOUSING DEVELOPING COUNTRIES Theurbanpoorand thoseonlowincome tendtoliveincenter, andtherichandmiddle classontheperiphery, insuburbs. Thepoorestpeopletendtolive incenter,atveryhighdensities. Theclustersofpoorpeopleon peripheryarelowormedium densitysquattersettlementsor illegalsubdivisions. 13. UrbanSprawlCharacteristics 1.Lowresidentialdensity 2.Unlimitedoutwardextensionofurbandevelopment 3.Spatialsegregationofdifferenttypesoflandusesthroughzoning 4.Leapfrogdevelopment 5.Nocentralizedownershipoflandorplanningoflanddevelopment 6.Alltransportationdominatedbyprivatelyownedmotorvehicles 7.Fragmentationofgovernanceauthorityoflandusesamongmanylocalgovernments 8.Greatvariancesinthefiscalcapacityoflocalgovernments 9.Widespreadcommercialstripdevelopmentalongmajorroadways 10.Majorrelianceonafilteringprocesstoprovidehousingforlowincomehouseholds Source:Burchelletal.1998(asquotedinNeuman,M2005) 14. Eco-compactcity •Theeco-cityisanumbrellametaphorthatencompassesa widerangeofurban-ecologicalproposalsthataimtoachieve urbansustainability. •Theseapproachesproposeawiderange ofenvironmental,social,andinstitutionalpoliciesthatare directedtomanagingurbanspacestoachievesustainability. •Thistypepromotestheecologicalagendaandemphasizes environmentalmanagementthroughasetofinstitutional andpolicytools. •Thedistinctiveconceptsoftheeco-cityaregreeningand passivesolardesign. 15. Eco-compactcity Itisremarkablethatthecoreofmanyapproachesisthe managementofthecity,ratherthanthesuggestingofanyspecific urbanform;itisbelievedthatnotthephysicalshapeof thecityanditsbuiltenvironmentthatisimportant;itishow theurbansocietyisorganizedandmanagedthatcounts most. Therefore,thecityismanagedtoachievesustainability throughdifferentlanduse,environmental,institutional, social,andeconomicpolicies Inpractice,manylocalgovernments,planningconsultants, landscapearchitects,andsoonaregrapplingmuch morespecificallywithaspectsofecological,pedestrianoriented, orotherwisesustainableurbanform. 16. Eco-compactCityvsSprawlCity: Efficiency Itconsumeslessterritory. Itallowsthecorrectdensity. Itallowssmallretailtobeonstreetandonsquare. Itmaximizestheinvestment. Itallowsthecreationofefficientnetworkofpublic utilities. Itallowscreationofanefficientpublictransitsystem. 17. IndicatorsofCompactCitiyModel INDICATORS(GENERAL) INDICATORS(GOALSPECIFIC) •Population •RegionalGDP •Regionalemploymentgrowth •Regionalemployment •Regionalproductivitybysectors •Built-upareas •Densityinbuilt-upareas •Densityofnewresidential development •Sprawl •GHGemissions •Energyconsumption •Shareofpublictransportation use •Vehicleownership •Lengthofpublictransportation linespercapita •Averagetripdistanceandtime •Percapitavehiclemilestravelled •Transportenergyconsumptionby transportmode •Proximitytopublictransport •Operationalcostsofpublicservices (percapita) •Vacancyratesofhousingand officesinbuilt-upareas •Residentialenergyusepercapita •Areaoflandforurbandevelopment •Concentrationofurbanfacilitiesin coreareas •Diversityinlanduseinurban centers •Greenareas •Airpollutionlevels 18. PositiveImpactOfCompactCities GOALS ENVIRONMENT ECONOMY 1.Shortening commuting distance •lessenergy consumption •lessGHG(Green HousesGases)emissions •Lowertravelcost,less congestion, thushighermobilityand higher productivity 2.Maximizing densification and intensification •Preservationoflandfor agriculture,water resources,etc. •Efficientuseofenergy •Lowerelectricitydemand •Morecosteffectivepublic service provision(e.g.road, water) •Maximizedimpactsof public investment 19. PositiveImpactOfCompactCities GOALS 3.Enhancing attractiveness andqualityof lifeinurban centers ENVIRONMENT •Improvementof neighborhoodlevel livingenvironment(green, cleanair,etc.) 4.Improvingmetropolitangovernance ECONOMY •Morefrequentexchangeof ideas, thusincreasedknowledge, innovation andwealthcreation •Moreculturaldiversity,higher qualityoflife,thusmoretalented, high-skilledlabourforceandmore privateinvestment 20. NegativeImpactOfCompactCities Lessdomesticlivingspace. Lackofaffordablehousing. Pooraccesstogreenspace. Increasedcrimelevel. Higherdeathrateduetorespiratorydiseases. 21. Sustainablecity 22. CitiesdepictingCompactCityModel 1.Melbourne(AUSTRALIA)  MAINAREASTUDY/POPULATION: 31municipalities, 4millionpopulation  MAJORPOLICYTOOLS: •Melbourne2030(Spatialdevelopmentstrategypublished bytheStateofVictoriain2002;revisedin2007). •MSS(CityofMelbourne’sspatialmasterplan). •Deregulationpoliciesonlanduse(formixeduse development)andconversions(fromofficebuildingsto residential)indowntownMelbourneinmid90’s. 23. CitiesdepictingCompactCityModel 2.Toyama(JAPAN)  MAINAREASTUDY/POPULATION: CityofToyama, 0.4million MAJORPOLICYTOOLS: •Compactcitypoliciesinadepopulatingsociety •Incentivestoconcentrateresidentialdevelopmentalong thetransportationcorridors •PPPsinpublictransport 24. CitiesdepictingCompactCityModel 3.Vancouver(Canada) MAINAREASTUDY/POPULATION: MetroVancouver, 2.2Million MAJORPOLICYTOOLS: •Densificationpolicyinresidentialneighborhoods(e.g., LanewayHouseGuidelinesof2009) •Regionalgovernanceinmanaginggrowth •GHGemissionreductionandcompactcity Source:OECD 25. Argumentsforthecompactcity: 1.Higherlevelofcontroloverurbanprocesses,reuseofpreviously developedfacilitiesandderelictland,biggerurbanvitality,rational cityformandpreservedoutskirtsofthetowns. 2.Effectivenessofpublictransportanddecreasedfuel consumption,lowerpollutionperperson. 3.Possibilityofmixedusedevelopmentduetohigherpopulation density. 4.Savingsofenergyinheatingandotherfacilitiesastheresultofdense urbanfabric. 5.Possibilityofsocialmixwhendifferenttenureandcomfortlevel tenementsareclosetogether. 26. Fiverecommendationsfor compactcitypolicystrategies 1.Setexplicitcompactcitygoals Establishanationalurbanpolicyframework Encouragemetropolitan-widestrategicplanning 2.Encouragedenseandcontiguousdevelopmentaturban fringes Increaseeffectivenessofregulatorytools Targetcompacturbandevelopmentingreen-fieldareas Setminimumdensityrequirementsfornewdevelopment Strengthenurban-rurallinkage 27. 3.Retrofitexistingbuilt-upareas Promotebrown-fielddevelopment Harmonizeindustrialpolicieswithcompactcitypolicies Regenerateexistingresidentialareas Promotetransit-orienteddevelopmentinbuilt-upareas Encourage“intensification”ofexistingurbanassets 4.Enhancediversityandqualityoflifeinurbancenters Promotemixedlanduse Attractresidentsandlocalservicestourbancenters Promotefocusedinvestmentinpublicspaceandfostera“senseofplace” Promoteawalkingandcyclingenvironment 5.Minimizeadversenegativeeffects Counteracttrafficcongestion Encouragetheprovisionofaffordablehousing Promotehigh-qualityurbandesign Encouragegreeningofbuilt-upareas Source:OECDStudy:COMPACTCITYPOLICES:AComparativeAssessment Thanku.. 75likes × AmandaNemri Nov.29,2021 Incaseyouneedhelponanykindofacademicwritingvisitwebsite⇒www.HelpWriting.net⇐andplaceyourorder RawanShehata Nov.08,2021 LIMGHEE-THEAN Jun.27,2021 STUDENT at UniversitiPutraMalaysia BisratAsitatke Nov.26,2020 ShubhamDhawale Nov.15,2019 ShowMore Views × Totalviews 27,239 OnSlideShare 0 FromEmbeds 0 NumberofEmbeds 155 Youhavenowunlockedunlimitedaccessto20M+documents! × UnlimitedReading Learnfasterandsmarterfromtopexperts UnlimitedDownloading Downloadtotakeyourlearningsofflineandonthego YoualsogetfreeaccesstoScribd! 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